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更新时间:2022-11-25 08:14:43 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月25日发(作者:工程管理系统)

句子成分划分

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;

主要成分有主语和谓语;

次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。

★主语(Subject)

表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.

是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问

词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、

不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

the1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)

nspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)

-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)

intheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

gdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)

hshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)

aregoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主从)

cessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

★谓语(Predicate)

说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语

的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.

2、复合谓语:

(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.

(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如:

DoyouspeakEnglish?

Theyareworkinginafield.

Hehascaughtabadcold.

(3)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.

注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

★表语(Predicative)

用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,

turn,em等)之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表

语从句表示。例如:

cherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)

urs?(代词)

therhasturnedcold.(形容词)

echixciting.(分词)

imesvenistwentyone?(数词)

istoteachEnglish.(不定式)

byisplayingfootball.(动名词)

tingisofgreatimportance.(介词短语)

ssisover.(副词)

thisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)

注意:系动词(Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。

1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:Heisateacher.

2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,

stand,例如:Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3)表像系动词用来表示―看起来像‖这一概念,主要有em,appear,look,例如:

Heems(tobe)verysad.

4)感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.

5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例

如:Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnout,表达"结果是;证明是",之意,

例如:Therumorprovedfal./Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

★宾语(Object)

表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

inghishomework.(名词)

vyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词、动名词)

ydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名词、数词)

lpedtheoldwiththeirhouworkyesterday.(名词化形容词、名词)

endednottoeme.(动词不定式)

listeningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)

(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,plea.

To:write,tell,pass,give,nd,promi,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:

HentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.

For:leave,buy,build,choo,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

下列动词只能接不定式做宾语:ask,agree,care,choo,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,

help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promi,refu,want,wish,desire等;

下列动词只能接动名词做宾语:admit,avoid,advi,consider,enjoy,excu,escape,finish,

imagine,mind,practi,suggest等;

下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,

regret等。

★宾语补足语(ObjectComplement)

用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。

需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,e,have,order,make等。―宾补‖

一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

hernamedhimXiaoming.(名词)

intedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)

freshairin.(副词)

tn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)

erenteringtheroom.(现在分词短语)

deverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)

soonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)

★定语(Attribute)

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句。

定语可由以下等成分表示:

isabeautifulcity.(形容词)

sadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)

rethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(数词、名词)

idprogressinEnglishmadeussurprid.(代词、形容词)

itorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)

chingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)

adinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)

hegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定语从句)

★状语(Adverbial)

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,可由以下形式表

示:

ravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)

ivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)

oudtohavepasdthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)

theroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)

inute.(名词)

ubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)

9种状语种类如下:

utmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)

ghtshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauoftherain.(原因状语)

gothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)

hlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)

theeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)

rtocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)

otiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)

ksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)

lerthanheis.(比较状语)

★同位语(Appositive)

对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如:

,ourheadmaster.

★插入语(Parenthesis)

对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppo,believe---)等,如:

Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.

练习:

指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

dentsgotontheschoolbus.

edmethenewspaper.

answeryourquestionafterclass.

eautifulChinepainting!

nthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

istotrainswimmers.

manyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

sgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

leaveforShanghaitomorrow.

histobecomeascientist.

gedtofinishtheworkintime.

etoaskmeforadvice.

ditimportanttomasterEnglish.

aveanythingeltosay?

nest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

oupleatellmeyouraddress?

here,readinganewspaper.

rduty(tokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy).

cedamanentertheroom.

lestastedsweet.

真题练习:

(15年)fthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesasubject-verbrelation?_____

hasalargefamilytosupport.

nowishtoquarrelwithherbrother.

helastguesttoleave.

edsafriendtotalkto.

(14年)fthefollowingitalicizedpartsisudasanobjectcomplement?________

ntdoorremainedlocked.

lookeddisappointed.

ppearedworried.

edtohavenomoneyleft.

(14年)fthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesapredicate-objectrelationship?

________

eadingMary’sletterintheroom.

buymen’sshoesinthisshop.

’spassportwaslost.

my’sdefeatbroughtthewartoanend.

(14年)fthefollowingreflexivepronouns(反身代词)isudasanobject?________

tothepresidenthimlf.

snotquitehimlftoday.

erlfwillplaytheviolin.

tpullyourlftogether.

(14年)fthefollowingitalicizedpartsmodifiesanadverb?________

rlikemyteacher.

saveryfunnyfilm.

ghtnow.

edabout6miles.

(13年)licizedpartfunctionsasa(n)

_______.

tive(同位语)ment.主语补语

(13年)finthefollowingphrasindicatesasubject-predicaterelationship?________

ofNewton

ysofOscarWilde

(13年)fthefollowingitalicizedpartsrvesasanappositive?________

tthemantodrawback.(定语)

tbacktheurgetotellalie.

asalargefamilytosupport.(定语)

sreallynothingtofear.(定语)

(12年)fthefollowingreflexivepronouns(反身代词)isudasanappositive?

________

idhimlfrapidprogress.

agerherlfwillinterviewMary.

othingtosayformylf.

arreledthemlvesredintheface.

(12年)ftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasasubject?________

rdoubtthatherbrotherishonest.

blemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.

tgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.

earthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.

(12年)ftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject?________

n’tliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeeting.

uyourpretendingnottoknowthematter.

ntsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnight.

lingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.

(12年)followingntenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT________.

ghtherlfapairofnewshoes

eproblemstillremains—thefood

ndsallunderstandandsupportme

edhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish

(12年)fthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauofcau?________

obassoonasIleftuniversity.

ewasnoanswer,Iwroteagain.

tdotheexercisasIshowyou.

yasheis,Markisnotahappyman.

(12年)fthefollowingprepositionalphrascanfunctionasanadverbial?________

sureofSimon’sdisappearance?

withabeardistalkingtothemanager.

recautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan.

etherain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.

(12年)fthefollowingprepositionalphrasisanadverbialofconcession?________

edtheboxforkeepingtreasures.

edasideforhertogetinfirst.

thatheemstodislikeme,Istilllikehim.

entsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson.

(11年)fthefollowingitalicizedphrasindicatespurpo?________

ditforfun,butotherstookherriously.

itffort,theteamdidn’twinthematch.

asworkedforthefirmfortwentyyears.

utforBeijingyesterday.

(11年)slikefreezingcold,burninghot,orsoakingwet,the–INGparticipleisud

________

dition.

hasis.

(11年)fthefollowingitalicizedpartsisudasanobject?________

youthinkhashappenedtoher?

outhinkthevisitingprofessoris?

hdoyouthinkheearnverymonth?

cklywouldyousayhewouldcome?

(11年)fthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclau(主语从句)?________

uitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime.

ofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrithisyear.

dthatshehadenthemanearlierthatmorning.

eerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays.

(11年)entence―ThemanagerinterviewedJimhimlfinthemorning‖,theitalicized

wordisudtomodify________

positionalphra.

(11年)fthefollowingitalicizedphrasindicatesasubject-predicaterelation(主谓关

系)?________

h’spassporthasbeenissued.

itor’sarrivalwasreportedinthenews.

’straveldetailshavenotbeenfinalized.

bookstorellschildren’sstories.

(10年)fthefollowingitalicizedphrasincludesCAUSE?

’tyoudoitforthesakeofyourfriends?

couldwriteaswellasyou.

hifforts,hedidn’tgetanA.

swereredfromexcessivereading.

(10年)entence"It'snouwaitingforher",theitalicizedphrais.

ject

(10年)fthefollowingntenceshasanobjectcomplement?

ectorsappointedJohnmanager.

aryaChristmasprent.

edonePeterafavor.

eachingchildrenEnglish.

(09年)"Howmuchdoyouthinkheearns?"howmuchis______ofthentence.

erbial

plement

(13年)fthefollowingCANNOTbeudasanominalsubstitute(名词替代词)?

________

r

(13年)fthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词)?________

(13年)lowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeudwithbothpluralanduncountable

nounsEXCEPT__________.

(12年)fthefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeplacedbeforebothsingularcount

nounsandpluralcountnouns?________

加单数时要用冠词t

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