abjure

1

WordDefinition(*denoteswordappearedonbothBaronandKaplanlists)

abate*

/əˈbeɪt/

formaltobecomelessstrongordecrea减弱，缓和

Wewaitedforthestormtoabate.

abdicate

/ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

togiveupthepositionofbeingkingorqueen禅让，退位

KingAlfonsoXIIIabdicatedinfavorofhildestson.

Thekingwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.

aberrant

/ˈæbərənt/

notusualornormal异常

synonymabnormal,deviant

aberrantbehavior

abeyance

/əˈbeɪəns/

inabeyance

somethingsuchasacustom,rule,orsystemthatisinabeyanceisnotbeingudatthe

prenttime

fallintoabeyance(=nolongerbeud)暂时搁置

abject

/ˈæbdʒekt/

poverty/miry/failureetc赤贫

thestateofbeingextremelypoor,unhappy,unsuccessfuletc

ctactionorexpressionshowsthatyoufeelveryashamed卑劣

anabjectapology

abjure

/əb’dʒʊə/

formaltostatepubliclythatyouwillgiveupaparticularbelieforwayofbehaving

synonymrenounce放弃

ablution

/əˈbluːʆən/

ifyouperformyourablutions,youwashyourlf-sometimesudhumorously

沐浴

abrogate

/ˈæbrəgeɪt/

toofficiallyendalegalagreement,practiceetc废止

Bothgovernmentsvotedtoabrogatethetreaty.

abscond*

/əbˈskɒnd/

1toescapefromaplacewhereyouarebeingkept

abscondfrom逃离某地

Theboyabscondedfromachildren'shome.

2tocretlyleavesomewhere,takingwithyousomethingthatdoesnotbelongtoyou

abscondwith逃离携带

Hehastoconvinceajudgethathewasn'tgoingtoabscondwiththemoney.

abstemious*

/əbˈstiːmiəs/

carefulnottohavetoomuchfood,drinketc节制，节食

abstru

/əbˈstruːs/

unnecessarilycomplicatedanddifficulttounderstand复杂

Mathsisamixofabstrutheoryanddetailedcalculations.

accretion

/əˈkriːʆn/

alayerofasubstancewhichslowlyformsonsomething积（尘）

acerbic

/əˈsɜːbɪk/

criticizingsomeoneorsomethinginacleverbutcruelway尖刻

acerbicwit

acquiesce

/ˌækwiˈes/

formaltodowhatsomeoneelwants,orallowsomethingtohappen,eventhoughyou

donotreallyagreewithit默许

2

acquiescein/to

Oilcompanieshavebeenaccudofacquiescinginthepollutionoftheocean.

acrid/ˈækrd/anacridsmellortasteisstrongandunpleasantandstingsyournoorthroat

acloudofacridsmoke辛辣

acrimonious

/ˌækrˈməʊniəs/

anacrimoniousmeetingordiscussionisoneinwhichpeoplearguealotandgetveryangry

Themeetingendedinanacrimoniousdispute.尖刻的争论

adjoin*

[əˈdʒɔɪn]

aroom,building,orpieceoflandthatadjoinssomethingisnexttoitandconnectedtoit

Avacantplotoflandadjoinshishou.毗邻

adjure

/əˈdʒʊə/

formaltoorderortrytopersuadesomeonetodosomething

adjuresomebodytodosomething

Gwenadjuredhimtobetruthful.

admonish

/ədˈmɒnɪʆ/

formaltotellsomeoneverelythattheyhavedonesomethingwrong

admonishsomebodyfor(doing)something

Thewitnesswasadmonishedforfailingtoanswerthequestion.告诫

adulterate*

/əˈdʌltəreɪt/

tomakefoodordrinklesspurebyaddinganothersubstanceoflowerqualitytoit掺假

adventitious

/ˌædvənˈtɪʆəs/

Formalhappeningbychance

synonymunexpected,accidental

aesthetic

/iːsˈθetɪk/

connectedwithbeautyandthestudyofbeauty美学的，审美的

Fromanestheticpointofview,it'sanicedesign.

aworkofgreataestheticappeal.

affable

/ˈæfəbl/

friendlyandeasytotalkto和蔼可亲的

synonympleasant

anaffableguy

aggrandize

toincreainpower,influenceandreputation夸大

aggregate

/ˈægrɪgt/

beingthetotalamountofsomethingafterallthefiguresorpointshavebeenadded

together总

anincreaintheaggregateproduction

Alacrity

/əˈlækrti/

quicknessandeagerness敏捷、急切

withalacrity

Sheacceptedwithalacrity.

alleviate

/əˈliːvieɪt/

tomakesomethinglesspainfulordifficulttodealwith

alleviatetheproblem/situation/sufferingetc减轻relieve

anewmedicinetoalleviatethesymptomsofflu

measurestoalleviatepoverty

altruism

/ˈæltru-ɪzm/

whenyoucareaboutorhelpotherpeople,eventhoughthisbringsnoadvantageto

yourlf利他主义

Manychootoworkindevelopingcountriesoutofaltruism.

amalgamate

/əˈmælgəmeɪt/

1[intransitiveandtransitive]iftwoorganizationsamalgamate,orifoneamalgamateswith

another,theyjoinandmakeonebigorganization合并

synonymmerge,combine

3

amalgamatesomethingwith/into/undersomething

TheagencyixpectedtoamalgamatewiththeNationalRiversAuthority.

2[transitive]tocombinetwoormorethingstogethertomakeonething

Theeditorswillamalgamatealltheinformationintoonearticle.

amatory

/ˈæmətəri/

formalexpressingxualorromanticlove恋爱的

ambiguous

/æmˈbɪgjuəs/

somethingthatisambiguousisunclear,confusing,ornotcertain,especiallybecauitcan

beunderstoodinmorethanoneway模糊的

oppositeunambiguous

ThelanguageintheMinister'sstatementishighlyambiguous.

ambivalent

/æmˈbɪvələnt/

notsurewhetheryouwantorlikesomethingornot

ambivalentabout矛盾心里

Wearebothsomewhatambivalentabouthavingachild.

ameliorate

/əˈmiːliəreɪt/

formaltomakeabadsituationbetterorlessharmful

synonymimprove改善

Itisnotclearwhatcanbedonetoamelioratethesituation.

amity

/ˈæmti/

Formalfriendship,especiallybetweencountries

oppositehostility

aspiritofperfectamity

anachronism*

/əˈnækrənɪzm/

eorsomethingthatemstobelongtothepast,nottheprent

Themonarchyissomethingofananachronismthedays.

inginaplay,filmetcthatemswrongbecauitdidnotexistintheperiodof

historyinwhichtheplayetcist

Thefilmisfullofanachronisms.不和时宜

analogous

/əˈnæləgəs/

Formalsimilartoanothersituationorthingsothatacomparisoncanbemade

analogousto/with,comparable相似

Thereport'sfindingsareanalogouswithourown.

anarchy

/ˈænəki/

asituationinwhichthereisnoeffectivegovernmentinacountryornoorderinan

organizationorsituation

Theclassroomwasinaconstantstateofanarchy.

androgenanysubstancethatpromotesmasculinecharacteristics

androgynous

/ænˈdrɒdʒnəs/

bothmaleandfemaleparts雌雄同体

animus

/ˈænməs/

formalafeelingofstrongdislikeorhatred敌意

synonymanimosity,hostility

anomalous

/əˈnɒmələs/

Formaldifferentfromwhatyouexpectedtofind异常的

ahighlyanomaloussituation

anomalousresults

antipathy*

/ænˈtɪpəθi/

formalafeelingofstrongdisliketowardssomeoneorsomething

antipathyto/towardsdislike,反感

agrowingantipathytowardsthegovernment

apartheid

/əˈpɑːtaɪt/

theformerpoliticalandsocialsysteminSouthAfrica,inwhichonlywhitepeoplehadfull

politicalrightsandpeopleofotherraces,especiallyblackpeople,wereforcedtogoto

4

parateschools,liveinparateareatc

种族隔离

apathy*

/ˈæpəθi/

thefeelingofnotbeinginterestedinsomething,andnotwillingtomakeanyeffortto

changeorimprovethings冷漠

Thecampaignfailedbecauofpublicapathy.

apogee

/ˈæpədʒiː/

formalthemostsuccessfulpartofsomething

synonymapex定点，顶峰

Hispoliticalcareerreacheditsapogeeinthe1960s.

apostasy*

/əˈpɒstəsi/

formalwhensomeonesuddenlystopsbelievinginareligionorsupportingapoliticalparty

apotheosis

/əˌpɒθiˈəʊss/

thebestandmostperfectexampleofsomething

apotheosisof

theapotheosisofromanticart

appea

/əˈpiːz/

tomakesomeonelessangryorstopthemfromattackingyoubygivingthemwhatthey

want安抚

Theyattemptedtoappeainternationaloppositionbypromisingtoholdtalks.

appri

/əˈpraɪz/

formaltotellorgivesomeoneinformationaboutsomething通知

apprisomebodyofsomething

Thedistrictchairmanwasfullyappridofallthedetails

approbation*

/ˌæprəˈbeɪʆn/

formalofficialpraiorapproval赞同

appropriate

/əˈprəʊpri-t/

correctorsuitableforaparticulartime,situation,orpurpo

oppositeinappropriate，appropriatefor适当的

clothesappropriateforajobinterview

arduous

/ˈɑːdjuəs/

involvingalotofstrengthandeffort

arduoustask/work

thearduoustaskofloadingalltheboxesintothevan

arrogate

/ˈærəgeɪt/

arrogate(toyourlf)something冒称

formaltoclaimthatyouhaveaparticularright,positionetc,withouthavingthelegalright

toit

artless

/ˈɑːtləs/

literarynatural,honest,andsincere朴实的

artlesssincerity

ascetic

/əˈtɪk/

livingwithoutanyphysicalpleasuresorcomforts,especiallyforreligiousreasons苦行者

anasceticlife

assiduous*

/əˈsɪdjuəs/

verycarefultomakesurethatsomethingisdoneproperlyorcompletely

synonymmeticulous

assuage

/əˈsweɪdʒ/

tomakeanunpleasantfeelinglesspainfulorvere缓和

synonymrelieve

Nothingcouldassuagehisguilt.

atrophy

/ˈætrəfi/

ifapartofthebodyatrophiesorisatrophied,itbecomesweakbecauoflackofuor

lackofblood萎缩

therapytopreventthelegmusclesfromatrophying

5

attenuate

/əˈtenjueɪt/

Formaltomakesomethingweakerorless减弱

anattenuatedformofthepoliovirus

audacious

/ɔːˈdeɪʆəs/

showinggreatcourageorconfidenceinawaythatisimpressiveorslightlyshocking大胆

的

therisksinvolvedinsuchanaudaciousoperation

austere*

/ɔːˈstɪə/

someonewhoisaustereisverystrictandrious-udtoshowdisapproval

Herfatherisaveryaustereman.严厉的

autonomous*

/ɔːˈtɒnəməs/

anautonomousplaceororganizationisfreetogovernorcontrolitlf

synonymindependent自治区

aver*

/əˈvɜːr/

averred,averring

formaltosaysomethingfirmlyandstronglybecauyouaresurethatitistrue

synonymdeclare断定、宣传

avocation

Somethingonedoesinadditiontoaprincipleoccupation副业

banal

/bəˈnɑːl/

ordinaryandnotinteresting,becauofalackofnewordifferentideas

synonymtrivial平庸的

belie

/bɪˈlaɪ/

togivesomeoneafalideaaboutsomething

Herpleasantmannerbeliedhertruecharacter.

belligerent

/bˈlɪdʒərənt/

[onlybeforenoun]formalabelligerentcountryisfightingawaragainstanothercountry

beneficent

/bɪˈnefsnt/

helpingpeople,orresultinginsomethinggood慈善

thebeneficentpropertiesofnaturalremedies

bemoan

/bɪˈməʊn/

tocomplainorsaythatyouaredisappointedaboutsomething哀叹

Hewasbemoaningthefactthatlawyerschargesomuch.

bemoanthelack/abnce/lossofsomething

anarticlebemoaningthelackofsportsfacilitiesinthearea

benevolent

/bˈnevələnt/

kindandgenerous仁慈的

Abenevolentunclepaidforhertohavemusiclessons.

abenevolentsmile

benign

/bɪˈnaɪn/

dgentle

Heshookhisheadinbenignamument.良性

ntumor(=unnaturalgrowthinthebody)isnotcaudbycancer

oppositemalignant

bilateral

/baɪˈlætrəl/

involvingtwogroupsornations双边的

bilateralrelations/trade/agreements/negotiationtc

bilateralnegotiationsbetweenIsraelandSyria

bolster

/ˈbəʊlstə/

alsobolsterup

someonetofeelbetterandmorepositive

Heismakingaboldattempttobolstertheterritory'sconfidence.

ovesomething

hiffortstobolsterhiscareer

bombastic*

/bɒmˈbæstɪk/

bombasticlanguagecontainslongwordsthatsoundimportantbuthavenorealmeaning

夸夸其谈的

6

Heisbestknownforthreeratherbombasticpoems.

boor

/bʊə/

amanwhobehavesinaveryrudeway

粗野的人

burgeon

/ˈbɜːdʒn/

formaltogrowordevelopquickly

theburgeoningmarketfordigitalcameras

burnish

/ˈbɜːnɪʆ/

shmetaloranothersubstanceuntilitshines

hardinordertoimprovesomething

Hemisdnoopportunitytoburnishhisimage.

buttress

/ˈbʌtrəs/

tosupportasystem,idea,argumentetc,especiallybyprovidingmoney

Theevidenceemedtobuttresstheirargument.

capitulate

/kəˈpɪtʆleɪt/

toacceptoragreetosomethingthatyouhavebeenopposingforalongtime

synonymgivein屈服

Helenfinallycapitulatedandlethersonhaveacar.

toacceptdefeatbyyourenemiesinawar

synonymsurrender投降

capricious*

/kəˈprɪʆəs/

tochangeyourmindsuddenlyorbehaveinanunexpectedway

Shewasascapriciousashermotherhadbeen.任性的

rychangingquicklyandsuddenly

acapriciouswind

castigate*

/ˈkæstgeɪt/

Formaltocriticizeorpunishsomeoneverely鞭挞、惩罚

catalyst

/ˈkætl-st/

technicalasubstancethatmakesachemicalreactionhappenmorequicklywithoutbeing

changeditlf催化剂

caustic

/ˈkɔːstɪk/

icsubstancecanburnthroughthingsbychemicalaction

causticsoda(=achemicaludforcleaningthings)

icremarkcriticizessomeoneinawaythatisunkindbutoftencleverly

humorous

causticwit/comments/remarketc

EliotappreciatedPound'scausticwit.

chicanery*

/ʆɪˈkeɪnəri/

theuofcleverplansoractionstodeceivepeople

Clearlythereissomechicanerygoingon.诡计

circuitous

/sɜːˈkjuːtəs/

goingfromoneplacetoanotherinawaythatislongerthanthemostdirectway迂回

ahard,circuitoushike

circumambulatecircumambulationistheactofmovingaroundasacredobject.

circumscribe

/ˈsɜːkəmskraɪb/

1.[oftenpassive]formaltolimitpower,rights,orabilities限制

synonymrestrict

ThePresident’spoweriscircumscribedbyCongressandtheSupremeCourt.

caltodrawalinearoundsomething

acirclecircumscribedbyasquare

circumspect

/ˈsɜːkəmspekt/

Formalthinkingcarefullyaboutsomethingbeforedoingit,inordertoavoidrisk审慎

的

synonymcautious

7

Thegovernorwasusuallycircumspectwhendealingwiththemedia.

coagulate

/kəʊˈægjleɪt/

ifaliquidcoagulates,orsomethingcoagulatesit,itbecomesthickandalmostsolid凝固

Bloodhadcoagulatedaroundthewound.

coda

/ˈkəʊdə/

tionalparatepartattheendofapieceofmusic

atepieceofwritingattheendofaworkofliteratureoraspeech

cogent*

/ˈkəʊdʒnt/

Formalifastatementiscogent,itemsreasonableandcorrect

cogentargument/reason/caetc有说服力的

acogentargumentforbanningthedrug

commensurate

/kəˈmenʆər/

matchingsomethinginsize,quality,orlengthoftime

commensuratewith相称

Salarywillbecommensuratewithageandexperience.

compendium

/kəmˈpendiəm/

abookthatcontainsacompletecollectionoffacts,drawingtcona

particularsubject概要

acricketingcompendium

complacent

/kəmˈpleɪsnt/

pleadwithasituation,especiallysomethingyouhaveachieved,sothatyoustoptrying

toimproveorchangethings-udtoshowdisapproval

There'sadangerofbecomingcomplacentifyouwinafewgames.

complaisant*

/kəmˈpleɪzns/

willingnesstodowhatpleasotherpeople逢迎

compliant

/kəmˈplaɪənt/

gtoobeyortoagreetootherpeople'swishesanddemands

ealsocomply温顺的

ForyearsIhadtriedtobeacompliantanddutifulwife.

compunction

/kəmˈpʌŋkʆn/

Afeelingofuneasinessfordoingwrong内疚

have/feelnocompunctionabout(doing)something

Hehadnocompunctionaboutinterferinginherprivateaffairs.

concentric

/kənˈntrɪk/

Havingthesamecenter同心

conciliate

/ənˈsɪlieɪt/

todosomethingtomakepeoplemorelikelytostoparguing,especiallybygivingthem

somethingtheywant调解

proposalsdesignedtoconciliatetheunions

conciliatory

/kənˈsɪliətri/

doingsomethingthatisintendedtomakesomeonestoparguingwithyou

conciliatoryapproach/tone/gestureetc和解的

Perhapsyoushouldadoptamoreconciliatoryapproach.

condone

/kənˈdəʊn/

toacceptorforgivebehaviorthatmostpeoplethinkismorallywrong

Icannotcondonetheuofviolenceunderanycircumstances.纵容

conflagration

/ˌkɒnfləˈgreɪʆn/

averylargefirethatdestroysalotofbuildings,foresttc

confluence

/ˈkɒnfluəns/

caltheplacewheretwoormoreriversflowtogether交汇

asituationinwhichtwoormorethingscombineorhappenatthesametime

事件的交汇

confluenceof

aconfluenceofunhappyevents

confound

/kənˈfaʊnd/

toconfuandsurpripeoplebybeingunexpected使惊讶,混淆

Hisamazingrecoveryconfoundedthemedicalspecialists.

8

congenital

/kənˈdʒentl/

nitalmedicalconditionordiahasaffectedsomeonesincetheywereborn

先天性的

congenitalabnormalities

acongenitaldefect

nitalqualityisonethathasalwaysbeenpartofyourcharacterandisunlikely

tochange

He'sacongenitalliar.

Hercongenitalinabilitytomakedecisions

connoisur

/ˌkɒnəˈsɜː/

someonewhoknowsalotaboutsomethingsuchasart,food,ormusic

awineconnoisur行家

connoisurof

FrywasaconnoisurofRenaissanceart.

contention

/kənˈtenʆn/

formalastrongopinionthatsomeoneexpress

somebody'scontention

Hermaincontentionisthatdoctorsshoulddomoretoencouragehealthyeating.

contentious

/kənˈtenʆəs/

causingalotofargumentanddisagreementbetweenpeople

contentiousissue/area/subjectetc

Animalwelfaredidnotbecomeacontentiousissueuntilthelate1970s.

contravene

/ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

todosomethingthatisnotallowedaccordingtoalaworrule违反法规等

ￚsynonymviolate

Someportionsofthebillmaycontravenestatelaw.

contrite

/ˈkɒntraɪt/

feelingguiltyandsorryforsomethingbadthatyouhavedone

acontriteapology

conundrum

/kəˈnʌndrəm/

aconfusinganddifficultproblem难题

theconundrumofourpurpoonearth

convalescent

/ˌkɒnvəˈlesnt/

someonewhoisspendingtimegettingwellafteranillness

渐愈的

corroborate

/kəˈrɒbəreɪt/

toprovideinformationthatsupportsorhelpstoprovesomeoneel'sstatement,ideaetc

佐证

Wenowhavenewevidencetocorroboratethedefendant'sstory.

converge

/kənˈvɜːdʒ/

romdifferentdirectionsandmeetatthesamepointtobecomeonething汇

合（动词）

oppositediverge

ThetworiversconvergeintoonenearPittsburgh.

psofpeopleconvergeinaparticularplace,theycometherefrommany

differentplacesandmeettogethertoformalargecrowd

convergeon

Reportersconvergedonthescene.

erentideasoraimsconverge,theybecomethesame

Culturalbeliefsabouttheroleofwomenconvergewithgovernmentpolicies.

convoke

/kənˈvəʊk/

totellpeoplethattheymustcometogetherforaformalmeeting

Separatemeetingshadbeenconvokedbythetwoopposingfactions.

9

convoluted*

/ˈkɒnvəluːtd/

complicatedanddifficulttounderstand令人费解的

longparagraphsandconvolutedntences

craven

/ˈkreɪvn/

formalcompletelylackingcourage懦夫

synonymcowardly

credulous*

/ˈkredjləs/

alwaysbelievingwhatyouaretold,andthereforeeasilydeceived

synonymgullible

Quinncharmedcredulousinvestorsoutofmillionsofdollars.

cursory

/ˈkɜːsri/

doneveryquicklywithoutmuchattentiontodetails

cursoryglance/look

Evenacursoryglanceatthefigureswilltellyouthatsalesaredownthisyear.

daunt

/dɔːnt/

tomakesomeonefeelafraidorlessconfidentaboutsomething吓

Hefeltutterlydauntedbytheprospectofmovingtoanothercountry.

decadent

/ˈdekədnt/

havinglowmoralstandardsandbeingmoreconcernedwithpleasurethanriousmatters

Popmusicwascondemnedasdecadentandcrude.

decorum

/dɪˈkɔːrəm/

formalbehaviorthatshowsrespectandiscorrectforaparticularsituation,especiallya

formaloccasion礼仪，礼节

HewasdisciplinedforbreachingtheSenate'srulesofdecorum.

default

/dɪˈfɔːlt/

tofailtopaymoneythatyouoweattherighttime

defaulton

Hedefaultedonhischildsupportpayments.

deference*

/ˈdefrəns/

politebehaviorthatshowsthatyourespectsomeoneandarethereforewillingtoaccept

theiropinionsorjudgment尊重的

LewiswasannoyedthatAdamdidnotshowenoughrespectanddeferencetohim.

deferentialtreatment

deign

/deɪn/

deigntodosomething屈尊做某事

todosomethingthatyouthinkyouarereallytooimportanttodo-oftenudhumorously

Traviscalledafterher,butshedidn'tdeigntoanswer.

delineate

/dɪˈlɪnieɪt/

ribeordrawsomethingcarefullysothatpeoplecanunderstandit

Thedocumentdelineatesyourrightsandyourobligations.勾画，描叙

thebordersbetweentwoareasveryclear

Theboundariesoftheareasshouldbeclearlydelineated.划清

delude

/dɪˈluːd/

tomakesomeonebelievesomethingthatisnottrue

synonymdeceive蛊惑

Iwasangrywithhimfortryingtodeludeme.

deludesomebody/yourlfintodoingsomething

Itiasytodeludeyourlfintobelievingyou'reinlove.

denigrate

/ˈdenˈgreɪt/

tosaythingstomakesomeoneorsomethingemlessimportantorgood

peoplewhodenigratetheirowncountry诋毁

deride

/dɪˈraɪd/

tomakeremarksorjokesthatshowyouthinksomeoneorsomethingissillyorulessￚ

synonymmock嘲笑

Youshouldn'tderidetheirefforts.

derisionwhenyoushowthatyouthinksomeoneorsomethingisstupidorsilly

10

/dɪˈrɪʒn/

Hisspeechwasgreetedwithderisionbyoppositionleaders嘲笑

derivative

/dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

somethingthathasdevelopedorbeenproducedfromsomethingel

derivativeof衍生物

Heroinisaderivativeofmorphine.

desiccate*

/ˈdeskeɪtd/

desiccatedfoodhasbeendriedinordertoprerveit

变干

desultory*

/ˈdesltri/

donewithoutanyparticularplanorpurpo散漫

Theytalkedbrieflyinadesultorymanner.

deterrent

/dɪˈterənt/

somethingthatmakessomeonelesslikelytodosomething,bymakingthemrealizeitwill

bedifficultorhavebadresults吓唬、却步

Thesmallfinesforthistypeofcrimedonotactasmuchofadeterrent.

diatribe

/ˈdaɪətraɪb/

alongspeechorpieceofwritingthatcriticizessomeoneorsomethingveryverely抨击

diatribeagainst

adiatribeagainstcontemporaryAmericancivilization

dichotomy*

/daɪˈkɒtəmi/

thedifferencebetweentwothingsorideasthatarecompletelyopposite

二分法

diffident*

/ˈdɪfdnt/

shyandnotwantingtomakepeoplenoticeyouortalkaboutyou

diffidentmanner/smile/voiceetc缺乏自信的

diffidentabout

Hewasdiffidentabouthisownsuccess.

diffu*

/dɪˈfjuːz/

tomakeheat,light,liquidetcspreadthroughsomething,ortospreadlikethis扩散、弥

散、弥漫

diffuthrough/into/across

Thepollutantsdiffuintothesoil.

digress

/daɪˈgres/

totalkorwriteaboutsomethingthatisnotyourmainsubject

DoyoumindifIdigressforamoment?离题，闲话

dilatory*

/ˈdɪlətri/

slowindoingsomething

拖拉

dilettante

/ˌdɪlˈtænti/

someonewhoisnotriousaboutwhattheyaredoingordoesnotstudyasubject

thoroughly不求甚解

dirge

/dɜːdʒ/

aslowsadsongsungatafuneral

哀乐

disabu*

/ˌdɪsəˈbjuːz/

topersuadesomeonethatwhattheybelieveisnottrue

disabusomebodyofsomething

Itriedtodisabuhimofthatnotion.

discerning

/dɪˈsɜːnɪŋ/

showingtheabilitytomakegoodjudgments,especiallyaboutart,music,styleetc独具慧

眼

discordant

/dɪsˈkɔːdnt/

formaladiscordantsoundisunpleasantbecauitismadeupofmusicalnotesthatdonot

gotogetherwell不和谐的

discredit

/dɪsˈkredt/

tomakepeoplestopbelievinginaparticularidea怀疑

SomeofFreud'stheorieshavenowbeendiscredited.

discrepancy

/dɪˈskrepənsi/

adifferencebetweentwoamounts,details,reporttcthatshouldbethesame

本应相同的差异

11

discrepancyin

Policefounddiscrepanciesinthetwomen'sreports.

discrete

/dɪˈskriːt/

clearlyparate离散

Thechangehappensinariesofdiscretesteps.

disingenuous

/ˌdɪsn

ˈdʒenjuəs/

notsincereandslightlydishonest

oppositeingenuous

disinterested

/dɪsˈɪntrstd/

abletojudgeasituationfairlybecauyouarenotconcernedwithgaininganypersonal

advantagefromit

ￚsynonymobjective,impartial,unbiad公正、无私的

Alawyershouldprovidedisinterestedadvice.

disjointed

/dɪsˈdʒɔɪntd/

something,especiallyaspeechorpieceofwriting,thatisdisjointedhaspartsthatdonot

emwellconnectedorarenotarrangedwell脱节的

disjointedfragmentsofinformation

dismiss

/dɪsˈmɪs/

toremovesomeonefromtheirjob解雇

synonymfire,sack

dismisssomebodyfromsomething

Bryantwasunfairlydismisdfromhispost.

disparage

/dɪˈspærɪdʒ/

tocriticizesomeoneorsomethinginawaythatshowsyoudonotthinktheyareverygood

orimportant贬低

Matcham'stheatreswerewidelydisparagedbyarchitects.

disparate

/ˈdɪsprt/

consistingofthingsorpeoplethatareverydifferentandnotrelatedtoeachother

各异的

ameetingcoveringmanydisparatesubjects

thedifficultiesofdealingwithdisparategroupsofpeople

disport

/dɪˈspɔːt/

disportyourlf

old-fashionedtoamuyourlfbydoingthingsthatareactiveandenjoyable玩耍

disquiet

/dɪsˈkwaɪət/

anxietyorunhappinessaboutsomething忧虑

disquietover/about/at

publicdisquietoverdeathsinpolicecustody（拘留所）

dismble*

/dɪˈmbl/

tohideyourtruefeelings,thoughttc

掩饰

disminate*

/dɪˈmneɪt/

tospreadinformationorideastoasmanypeopleaspossible

传播

dissolution

/ˌdɪsəˈluːʆn/

theactofformallyendingaparliament,business,ormarriage解散

ThepresidentannouncedthedissolutionoftheNationalAsmbly.

Seealsodissolve

dissonance

/ˈdɪsənəns/

1.[uncountableandcountable]technicalacombinationofnotesthatsoundstrange

becautheyarenotinharmony不和谐

Oppositeconsonance

lackofagreement

distendFormaltoswellormakesomethingswellbecauofpressurefrominside

12

/dɪˈstend/

distendedadjective撑、胀

adistendedstomach

distill

/dɪˈstɪl/

tomakealiquidsuchaswateroralcoholmorepurebyheatingitsothatitbecomesagas

suchaswhiskyaremadethisway蒸馏

distilledwater

diverge

/daɪˈvɜːdʒ/

ifsimilarthingsdiverge,theydevelopindifferentwaysandsoarenolongersimilar

Thetwospeciesdivergedmillionsofyearsago.

divest

/daɪˈvest,d-/

divestyourlfofsomething

tollorgiveawaysomethingyouown

Dadhadlongsincedivestedhimlfofanythingvaluable.

doctrine

/ˈdɒktrn/

atofbeliefsthatformanimportantpartofareligionorsystemofideas

traditionaldoctrinesofdivinepower

Marxistdoctrine

document

/ˈdɒkjment/

tosupportanopinion,argumentetcwithrecordedfacts

bewell/extensively/poorlyetcdocumented

Itiswelldocumentedthatmendieyoungerthanwomen.

dogma

/ˈdɒgmə/

atoffirmbeliefsheldbyagroupofpeoplewhoexpectotherpeopletoacceptthe

beliefswithoutthinkingaboutthem

religious/political/ideologicaletc

therejectionofpoliticaldogma

dogmatic*

/dɒgˈmætɪk/

someonewhoisdogmaticiscompletelycertainoftheirbeliefsandexpectsotherpeople

toacceptthemwithoutarguing

Herstafffindherbossyanddogmatic.

doleful

/ˈdəʊlfl/

Formalverysad

adolefulsongaboutlostlove

dormant

/ˈdɔːmənt/

notactiveornotgrowingattheprenttimebutabletobeactivelater

oppositeactive

蛰伏、睡眠sleeping

Theedsremaindormantuntilthespring.

dour

/ˈdaʊə/

rious,neversmiling,andunfriendly

不苟言笑的

dupe*

/djuːp/

totrickordeceivesomeone

dupesomebodyintodoingsomething

Consumersarebeingdupedintobuyingfaultyelectronicgoods.

duplicity

/djuːˈplɪsti/

dishonestbehaviorthatisintendedtodeceivesomeone

表里不一

dystrophy

/ˈdɪstrəfi/

营养不良

ebullient

/ɪˈbʌliənt/

veryhappyandexcited热情洋溢的

Myfatherisanaturallyebullientpersonality.

eclectic*

/ɪˈklektɪk/

includingamixtureofmanydifferentthingsorpeople,especiallysothatyoucanuthe

bestofallofthem兼收并蓄

gallerieswithaneclecticrangeofstylesandartists

13

aneclecticmixtureof18thand19thcenturyfurniture

efficacy*

/ˈefkəsi/

formaltheabilityofsomethingtoproducetherightresult

synonymeffectiveness功效

effigy

/ˈefdʒi/

astatueofafamousperson雕刻的肖像effigyof

aneffigyofSaintFrancis

effluence

/ˈefluənt/

liquidwaste,especiallychemicalsorwage

流出、溢出

effrontery

/ɪˈfrʌntəri/

rudebehaviourthatshocksyoubecauitissoconfident

havetheeffronterytodosomething厚颜无耻

Shehadtheeffronterytoaskmeformoremoney.

elegy*

/ˈeldʒi/

asadpoemorsong,especiallyaboutsomeonewhohasdied

ealsoeulogy挽歌

elicit

/ɪˈlɪst/

tosucceedingettinginformationorareactionfromsomeone,especiallywhenthisis

difficult

Whenherknockelicitednorespon,thensheopenedthedoor.

elicitsomethingfromsomebody

Thetestuspicturestoelicitwordsfromthechild.

elocution

/ˌeləˈkjuːʆn/

goodclearspeakinginpublic,involvingvoicecontrol,pronunciationetc技巧性演说

elocutionlessons

embellish

/ɪmˈbelɪʆ/

tomakesomethingmorebeautifulbyaddingdecorationstoit

embellishsomethingwithsomething装饰

Thedresswambellishedwithgoldthreads.

empathy

/ˈempəθi/

theabilitytounderstandotherpeople'sfeelingsandproblems

换位思考、同理心empathywith/for

Shehadgreatempathywithpeople.

empirical

/ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/

badonscientifictestingorpracticalexperience,notonideas

oppositetheoretical,hypothetical经验的

empiricalevidence

emulate

/ˈemjleɪt/

todosomethingorbehaveinthesamewayassomeoneel,especiallybecauyou

admirethem效法synonymimitate

YounghadhopedtoemulatethesuccessofDouglasWilder.

endemic

/enˈdemɪk/

anendemicdiaorproblemisalwaysprentinaparticularplace,oramonga

particulargroupofpeople特定区域的

ealsoepidemic,pandemic

ViolentcrimeisnowendemicinpartsofChicago.

enervate*

/ˈenəveɪt/

tomakeyoufeeltiredandweak使嬴弱

Thehotsunenervatedhertothepointofcollap.

engender*

/ɪnˈdʒendə/

formaltobethecauofasituationorfeeling引起(情况)，产生(感情)

thechangesinsocietyengenderedbythewar

engendersomethinginsomebody

relationshipsthatengendertrustinchildren

enhance

/ɪnˈhɑːns/

toimprovesomething

Thepublicityhasdonelittletoenhancehisreputation.

enigmasomeoneorsomethingthatisstrangeanddifficulttounderstand

14

/ɪˈnɪgmə/

synonymmystery迷一样的人或者事物

Theneighborsregardedhimassomethingofanenigma.

ephemeral*

/ɪˈfemrəl/

existingorpopularforonlyashorttime

Fashionisbynatureephemeral.短暂的

epigram

/ˈepɪgræm/

ashortntencethatexpressanideainacleveroramusingway

妙语

epithet

/ˈepθet/

awordorshortphraudtodescribesomeone,especiallywhenpraisingthemorsaying

somethingunpleasantaboutthem誉称/贬称

Hehardlydervestheepithet'fascist'.

equanimity

/ˌiːkwəˈnɪmti/

formalcalmnessinthewaythatyoureacttothings,whichmeansthatyoudonotbecome

uptorannoyed泰然

Hereceivedthenewswithsurprisingequanimity.

equivocate*

/ɪˈkwɪvəkeɪt/

formaltoavoidgivingaclearordirectanswertoaquestion

支吾,说模棱两可的话

erudite*

/ˈerdaɪt/

showingalotofknowledgebadoncarefulstudy

精学博思的

esoteric*

/ˌesəˈterɪk/

knownandunderstoodbyonlyafewpeoplewhohavespecialknowledgeabout

something高深莫测的,曲高和寡的

theesotericworldofscientificsupercomputing

estimable

/ˈestməbl/

Formaldervingrespectandadmiration

值得褒奖的

eugenics

/juːˈdʒenɪks/

thestudyofmethodstoimprovethementalandphysicalabilitiesofthehumanraceby

choosingwhoshouldbecomeparents-udinordertoshowdisapproval

优生学(一般表贬义)

eulogy*

/ˈjuːlədʒi/

aspeechorpieceofwritinginwhichyoupraisomeoneorsomethingverymuch,

especiallyatafuneral悼词

Theministerdeliveredalongeulogy.

euphemism

/ˈjuːfmɪzm/

apolitewordorexpressionthatyouuinsteadofamoredirectonetoavoidshockingor

upttingsomeone委婉语

'Passaway'isaeuphemismfor'die'.

euphony

pleasantnessofsound悦耳之音，谐音

exacerbate*

/ɪgˈzæsəbeɪt/

tomakeabadsituationwor=worn加剧

Therecessionhaxacerbatedthisproblem.

Idon'twanttoexacerbatethesituation.

exculpate*

/ˈekskʌlpeɪt/

formaltoprovethatsomeoneisnotguiltyofsomething

开脱，证明无罪

execrable

/ˈekskrəbl/

formalextremelybad

synonymterrible

exigency

/ˈeksdʒnsiz/

formalthethingsyoumustdoinordertodealwithadifficultorurgentsituation危机处

理

synonymdemands

exigent

/ˈeksdʒnt/

anexigentsituationisurgent,sothatyoumustdealwithitveryquickly

紧急的

15

expound

/ɪkˈspaʊnd/

formaltoexplainortalkaboutsomethingindetail

expoundon详细阐述

She'salwayxpoundingonthelatestdogmasoffeminism.

extrapolation

/ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/

toufactsabouttheprentoraboutonethingorgrouptomakeaguessaboutthe

futureoraboutotherthingsorgroups

extrapolate(something)fromsomething推演

Itispossibletoextrapolatefuturedevelopmentsfromcurrenttrends.

You'reextrapolatingfromyourownfeelingstomine.

extrapolate(something)tosomething衍生至

Theresultscannot,however,beextrapolatedtootherpatientgroups.

exult

/ɪgˈzʌlt/

formaltoshowthatyouareveryhappyandproud,especiallybecauyouhavesucceeded

indoingsomething

exultat/in/over为。。。而欢腾，春风得意

Sheexultedinhernewdiscovery.

'Wemadethefrontpage!'Joxulted.

facetious

/fəˈsiːʆəs/

sayingthingsthatareintendedtobecleverandfunnybutarereallysillyandannoying

Don'tbesofacetious!弄巧成拙的

facetiouscomments!

facilitate

/fəˈsɪlteɪt/

Formaltomakeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappen使方便

Computerscanbeudtofacilitatelanguagelearning.

fallacious

/fəˈleɪʆəs/

Formalcontainingorbadonfalideas错误的，基于错误的

Suchanargumentismisleading,ifnotwhollyfallacious.

fatuous

/ˈfætʆuəs/

verysillyorstupid昏庸的

synonymidiotic

Fawning*

/fɔːn$fɒːn/

topraisomeoneandbefriendlytotheminaninsincereway,becauyouwantthemto

likeyouorgiveyousomething摇尾乞怜

fawnon/over

Irefudtofawnoverherorflatterher.

felicitous

/fɪˈlɪstəs/

formalorliterarywell-chonandsuitable精挑细选的，适合的

afelicitouschoiceofcandidate

fervor

/ˈfɜːvə/

verystrongbelieforfeeling

religiousfervor

revolutionaryfervor

fiduciary

Ofatrust;heldorgivenintrust受托的

flag

droop;growfeeble;todeclineinvigororstrength渐趋萎靡的

fledgling

/ˈfledʒlɪŋ/

[countable]ayoungbirdthatislearningtofly

雏鸟

flout

/flaʊt/

[transitive]todeliberatelydisobeyalaw,ruleetc,withouttryingtohidewhatyouare

doing

Somecompaniesflouttherulesandemploychildrenasyoungasven

deliberately/openlyfloutsomething公然违反

Theunionhadopenlyfloutedthelaw.

foment*

/fəʊˈment/

fomentrevolution/trouble/discordetc

formaltocautroubleandmakepeoplestartfightingeachotheroropposingthe

16

government煽动

synonymstirup

Theywereaccudoffomentingrebellion.

forestall*

/fɔːˈstɔːl/

Formaltopreventsomethingfromhappeningorpreventsomeonefromdoingsomething

bydoingsomethingfirst先发制人

ameasureintendedtoforestallfurtherattacks

fractious

/ˈfrækʆəs/

someonewhoisfractiousbecomesangryveryeasily易怒的

synonymirritable

Childrenbecomefractiouswhentheyaretired.

frugal

/ˈfruːgl/

carefultobuyonlywhatisnecessary节俭的

oppositeextravagant

Aschildrenweweretaughttobefrugalandhard-working.

Heledaremarkablyfrugalexistence.

frugality/fruːˈgælti/noun[uncountable]

fusillade

/ˌfjuːzˈleɪd/

aquickriesofshotsfiredfromagun,oraquickriesofotherobjectsthatarethrown

fusilladeof连珠炮，齐发

afusilladeofbullets

futile

/ˈfjuːtl/

actionsthatarefutileareulessbecautheyhavenochanceofbeingsuccessful

synonympointless徒劳的

afutileattempt/effort

afutileattempttosavethepaintingsfromtheflames

gainsay

/ˌgeɪnˈɪ/

pasttenandpastparticiplegainsaid/-'d/

formaltosaythatsomethingisnottrue,ortodisagreewithsomeone否认，反驳

synonymcontradict

Noonedaredtogainsayhim.

garrulous

/ˈgærələs/

alwaystalkingalot饶舌的

synonymtalkative

goad

/gəʊd/

tomakesomeonedosomethingbyannoyingorencouragingthemuntiltheydoit

激将的，鼓励的ealsoprovoke

goadsomebodyinto(doing)something

Kathygoadedhimintotellingherwhathehaddone.

goadsomebodyon

Theygoadedhimonwithinsults.鞭策

animalsaheadofyouwithasharpstick(以棍棒)驱赶的

gouge

/gaʊdʒ/

tomakeadeepholeorcutinthesurfaceofsomething刻洞，刻

Hetookaknifeandgougedaholeinthebottomoftheboat.

grandiloquent*

/grænˈdɪləkwənt/

Formalusingwordsthataretoolongandformalinordertosoundimportant辞藻浮华的

synonympompous

gregarious

/grɪˈgeəriəs/

lyandpreferringtobewithotherpeople好社交的

synonymsociableoppositesolitary

calgregariousanimalstendtoliveinagroup(动物)群居的

guile

/gaɪl/

Formaltheuofcleverbutdishonestmethodstodeceivesomeone诡计

synonymcunning

Withalittleguileshemightgetwhatshewanted.

17

guileless

/ˈgaɪl-ləs/

behavinginanhonestway,withouttryingtohideanythingordeceivepeople光明磊落的

synonymopen

gullible

/ˈgʌlbl/

tooreadytobelievewhatotherpeopletellyou,sothatyouareeasilytricked

PlasticreplicasoftheGreekpotteryaresoldtogullibletourists.轻信的

harangue

/həˈræŋ/

tospeakinaloudangryway,oftenforalongtime,inordertocriticizesomeoneorto

persuadethemthatyouareright声讨，高谈阔论

haranguesomebodyaboutsomething

Hestoodonthestreetcorner,haranguingpasrs-byaboutthestupidityofthe

forthcomingwar.

heterodox

/ˈhetrədɒks/

Formalheterodoxbeliefs,practicetcarenotapprovedofbyaparticulargroup,

especiallyareligiousone非正统的

heterogeneous

/hetrəʊˈ

dʒiːniəs/

consistingofpartsormembersthatareverydifferentfromeachother各异的

oppositehomogeneous

heterogeneouscollectionofbuildings

homogeneous

/ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːniəs/

consistingofpeopleorthingsthatareallofthesametype

同样的，均匀的

hyperbole

/haɪˈpɜːbəli/

awayofdescribingsomethingbysayingitismuchbigger,smaller,woretcthanit

actuallyis夸张的，加油添醋的

synonymexaggeration

Itwasnothyperboletocallittheworststormintwentyyears.

hypocritical

/ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkl/

behavinginawaythatisdifferentfromwhatyouclaimtobelieve虚伪的，伪善的

oppositesincere

it'shypocritical(ofsomebody)todosomething

It’shypocriticaloftheuniversitiestocalltheirfootballplayersstudent-athletes.

iconoclast*

/aɪˈkɒnəklæst/

Formalsomeonewhoattackstablishedideasandcustoms

反抗陈规旧俗者

idolatry

/aɪˈdɒlətri/

cticeofworshippingidols偶像崇拜

uadmiresomeoneorsomethingtoomuch

immutable

/ɪˈmjuːtəbl/

Formalneverchangingorimpossibletochange一成不变

Thisdecisionshouldnotbeenasimmutable.

impair

/ɪmˈpeə/

todamagesomethingormakeitnotasgoodasitshouldbe损害、消弱

Theillnesshadimpairedhisabilitytothinkandconcentrate.

impassive*

/ɪmˈpæsɪv/

notshowinganyemotion冷漠的

Herimpassivefaceshowednoreactionatall.

impede

/ɪmˈpiːd/

tomakeitdifficultforsomeoneorsomethingtomoveforwardormakeprogress阻碍

Stormsataimpededourprogress.

impermeable

/ɪmˈpɜːmiəbl/

Technicalnotallowingliquidsorgastopassthrough

oppositepermeable不透水的

Nopaintisimpermeabletowatervapor.

imperturbable

/ˌɪmpəˈtɜːbəbl/

remainingcalmandunworriedinspiteofproblemsordifficulties

镇静

impervious*

/ɪmˈpɜːviəs/

Technicalnotallowinganythingtoenterorpassthrough

imperviousvolcanicrock防渗的

imperviousto

18

materialsthatareimpervioustowater

impetuous*

/ɪmˈpetʆuəs/

tendingtodothingsveryquickly,withoutthinkingcarefullyfirst,orshowingthisquality

synonymimpulsive冲动的，草率的

Shemightlivetoregretthisimpetuousdecision.

implacable

/ɪmˈplækəbl/

verydeterminedtocontinueopposingsomeoneorsomething

implacableenemies不共戴天的

implicit

/ɪmˈplɪst/

suggestedorunderstoodwithoutbeingstateddirectly含蓄的

oppositeexplicit

implicitcriticism/threat/assumption

Herwordscontainedanimplicitthreat.

implode

/ɪmˈpləʊd/

Technicaltoexplodeinwards内爆

oppositeexplode

Thewindowsonbothsidesoftheroomhadimploded.

importune

/ˌɪmpəˈtjuːn/

Formaltoasksomeoneforsomethingcontinuouslyinanannoyingorunreasonableway

无赖的，纠缠不清的ealsobeg

impugn

/ɪmˈpjuːn/

Formaltoexpressdoubtsaboutsomeone'shonesty,courage,abilityetc

Ididnotmeantoimpugnherprofessionalabilities.质疑，质询

inadvertently

/ˌɪnədˈ

vɜːtəntli/

withoutrealizingwhatyouaredoing无意识地，疏忽地

synonymaccidentally

Viruscanbespreadinadvertentlybyemailurs.

inamorata

/ɪˌnæməˈrɑːtə/

Literarythewomanthatamanloves-sometimesudhumorously

afemalelover

inchoate*

/ɪnˈkəʊt/

Formalinchoateideas,plans,attitudetcareonlyjuststartingtodevelop

初步的，早期的

incongruity

/ˌɪnkənˈgruːti/

[uncountableandcountable]thefactthatsomethingisstrange,unusual,orunsuitableina

particularsituation不协调的

TheincongruityofhersituationstruckGinawithunpleasantforce.

inconquential

/ɪnˌkɒnsˈkwenʆl/

notimportant无关紧要synonyminsignificant

inconquentialbutamusingchatter

incorporate

/ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/

toincludesomethingaspartofagroup,system,planetc并入

incorporatesomethinginto/insomething

We'veincorporatedmanyenvironmentally-friendlyfeaturesintothedesignofthe

building.

Ouroriginalproposalswerenotincorporatedinthenewlegislation.

inculpate

tochargewithfault使负罪,控诉

incursion

/ɪnˈkɜːʆn/

leentranceintoaterritory入侵

acombinedBritishandFrenchincursionintoChinain1857

ringinorinto(asanactivityorundertaking)登堂入室

hisonlyincursionintothearts

incursioninto

indeterminate

/ˌɪndɪˈtɜːmnt/

impossibletoknowaboutdefinitelyorexactly不确定的，含混的

agirlofindeterminateage

indigence

poverty贫穷

indigentFormalverypoor

19

/ˈɪndɪdʒnt/

indoctrinate

/ɪnˈdɒktrneɪt/

totrainsomeonetoacceptaparticulartofbeliefs,especiallypoliticalorreligiousones,

andnotconsideranyothers灌输,洗脑

Peoplewereindoctrinatednottoquestiontheirleaders.

indolent*

/ˈɪndələnt/

Formallazy

懒惰

induce

/ɪnˈdjuːs/

formaltopersuadesomeonetodosomething,especiallysomethingthatdoesnotem

wi劝诱(不明智之举)

inducesomebodytodosomething

Nothingwouldinducemetovoteforhimagain.

ineffable

/ɪnˈefəbl/

Formaltoogreattobedescribedinwords

ineffablejoy难以言表的快乐

ingenuous*

/ɪnˈdʒenjuəs/

aningenuouspersonissimple,trusting,andhonest,especiallybecautheyhavenothad

muchexperienceoflife直率的，稚气未脱的

inert

/ɪˈnɜːt/

calnotproducingachemicalreactionwhencombinedwithothersubstances

inertgas惰性气体

rynotmoving,ornothavingthestrengthorpowertomove

Helay,inert,inhisbed.有气无力的

lingtodoanything

Thegovernmentwasperceivedtobeinertandinefficient.无作为的

infusion

/ɪnˈfjuːʒn/

1.[uncountableandcountable]theactofputtinganewfeelingorqualityinto

something注入(新鲜事物)

infusionof

Furthereducationbadlyneedstheinfusionofmoreresources.

inherent

/ɪnˈhɪərənt/

somethingisanaturalpartofitandcannotbeparatedfromit

inherentin固有的

I'mafraidtheproblemsyoumentionareinherentinthesystem.

Everybusinesshasitsowninherentrisks.

inimical

/ɪˈnɪmɪkl/

Formalmakingitdifficultforsomethingtoexistorhappen来者不善的

acold,inimicalclimate

innocuous

/ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

notoffensive,dangerous,orharmful人畜无害的

aninnocuousremarkhe'saperfectlyinnocuousyoungman.

innsate

/ɪnˈnɪt/

notabletofeelthings

无知觉的，难以去感知的

innsible

/ɪnˈnsbl/

notknowingaboutsomethingthatcouldhappentoyou(对可能的事物)迟钝的

synonymunaware

innsibleof

Sheremainedinnsibleofthedangersthatlayahead.

tofeelsomethingorbeaffectedbyit无动于衷的

innsibleto/of

innsibletothecold

rynotconscious失去知觉的

Hefelltotheground,innsible.

insidiousFormalaninsidiouschangeorproblemspreadsgraduallywithoutbeingnoticed,and

20

/ɪnˈsɪdiəs/

causriousharm不被注意蔓延而有害的

aninsidioustrendtowardscensorshipofthepress

insinuate

/ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/

omethingwhichemstomeansomethingunpleasantwithoutsayingitopenly,

especiallysuggestingthatsomeoneisbeingdishonest含沙射影地说

synonymimply暗示，意指

insinuatethat暗示

Areyouinsinuatingthatthemoneywasstolen?

Whatareyoutryingtoinsinuate?

insipid*

/ɪnˈsɪpd/

foodordrinkthatisinsipiddoesnothavemuchtaste味如嚼蜡的

synonymbland

aninsipidpastadish

insolent

/ˈɪnsələnt/

rudeandnotshowinganyrespect

aninsolenttoneofvoice张狂的

insularity

/ˈɪnsjlə/

interestedinyourowngroup,country,wayoflifeetcandnoothers-udtoshow

disapproval偏狭的ealsoparochial

aninsularcommunity

interloper

/ˈɪntələʊpə/

someonewhoentersaplaceorgroupwheretheyshouldnotbe

闯入者，干涉他人事务者，无执照营业者

intractable

/ɪnˈtræktəbl/

anintractableproblemisverydifficulttodealwithorsolve

theeminglyintractableproblemofhumangreed难治的

intransigent

/ɪnˈtrænsdʒnt/

unwillingtochangeyourideasorbehaviour,inawaythatemsunreasonable

顽固的，固执的

synonymstubborn

anintransigentattitude

inundate

/ˈɪnəndeɪt/

beinundated(with/bysomething)

toreceivesomuchofsomethingthatyoucannoteasilydealwithitall泛滥的

Afterthebroadcast,wewereinundatedwithrequestsformoreinformation.

inured

/ɪˈnjʊə/

tomakesomeonebecomeudtosomethingunpleasant,sothattheyarenolongerupt

byit使习以为常(不好的事物)

Nurssoonbecomeinuredtothesightofsuffering.

invective*

/ɪnˈvektɪv/

rudeandinsultingwordsthatsomeonesayswhentheyareveryangry

Heletoutastreamofinvective.谩骂

irascible*

/ɪˈræsbl/

Writteneasilybecomingangry暴躁的

anirascibleoldman

irresolute

/ɪˈrezəluːt/

Formalunabletodecidewhattodo

举棋不定的

itinerary

/aɪˈtɪnrəri/

aplanorlistoftheplacesyouwillvisitonajourney行程

HisitinerarywouldtakehimfromBordeauxtoBudapest.

laconic

/ləˈkɒnɪk/

usingonlyafewwordstosaysomething语言简洁的

'Sheleft,'saidPascoelaconically.

lassitude

/ˈlæstjuːd/

tirednessandlackofenergyorinterest

疲惫而对事物缺乏兴趣的

latent

/ˈleɪtnt/

somethingthatislatentisprentbuthidden,andmaydeveloporbecomemore

noticeableinthefuture潜藏的，隐现的ealsodormant

21

latentin

Thevirusremainslatentinthebodyformanyyears.

laud

/lɔːd/

formaltopraisomeoneorsomething

赞美

lethargic

/lˈθɑːdʒɪk/

feelingasifyouhavenoenergyandnointerestindoinganything

synonymlazy

Thehotweatherwasmakingusalllethargic.昏昏沉沉的

levee

/ˈlevi/

aspecialwallbuilttostopariverflooding

大堤

levity

/ˈlevti/

formallackofrespectorriousnesswhenyouaredealingwithsomethingrious轻率

oppositegravity严肃

litigate

/ˈlɪtgeɪt/

lawtotakeaclaimorcomplaintagainstsomeonetoacourtoflaw

诉讼,对簿公堂

log

/lɒg/

pieceofwoodfromatree

aroaringlogfire

cialrecordofevents,especiallyonajourneyinashiporplane

Thecaptainalwayskeepsalog.

loquacious

/ləʊˈkweɪʆəs/

Formalaloquaciouspersonlikestotalkalot

synonymtalkative

lucid

/ˈluːsd/

expresdinawaythatisclearandeasytounderstand

Youmustwriteinaclearandlucidstyle.明晰的

luminous

/ˈluːmnəs/

shininginthedark发光的

luminouspaint

Herlargedarkeyeswerealmostluminous.

magnanimity

/ˌmægnəˈnɪmti/

generosity

宽大为怀

magnanimous

/mægˈnænməs/

kindandgenerous,especiallytosomeonethatyouhavedefeated

度量大的，不盛气凌人的

magnate

/ˈmægneɪt/

arichandpowerfulpersoninindustryorbusiness富豪，大亨

synonymtycoon

steel/oil/shippingetcmagnate

apowerfulmediamagnate

maladroit

/ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt/

Formalnotcleverornsitiveinthewayyoudealwithpeople

拙于社交的

malevolent

/məˈlevələnt/

Formalmalevolentpersonwantstoharmotherpeople

synonymevil恶毒的oppositebenevolent仁慈的，乐善好施的

malevolentlook/stare/smileetc

Hegaveheradark,malevolentlook.

malfeasance

/mælˈfiːzns/

lawwrongdoingormisconductespeciallybyapublicofficial

不法行为，渎职

malign

/məˈlaɪn/

tosayunpleasantthingsaboutsomeonethatareuntrue诽谤

synonymslander

Shehadenherlfrepeatedlymalignedinthenewspapers.

amuchmalignedpolitician

22

malinger

/məˈlɪŋgə/

toavoidworkbypretendingtobeill装病以逃避工作

HeaccudFrankofmalingering.

maxim

/ˈmæksm/

awell-knownphraorsaying,especiallyonethatgivesarulefornsiblebehavior

箴言，至理名言

malleable

/ˈmæliəbl/

calsomethingthatismalleableiasytopressorpullintoanewshape可塑的

malleablesteel

someonemalleablecanbeeasilyinfluencedorchangedbyotherpeople易被

影响的

amalleablechild

maverick

/ˈmævrɪk/

anunusualpersonwhohasdifferentideasandwaysofbehavingfromotherpeople,andis

oftenverysuccessful特立独行(褒义)

He'salwaysbeenabitofamaverick.

mendacious

/menˈdeɪʆəs/

Formalgiventoorcharacterizedbydeceptionorfalhoodordivergencefromabsolute

truth虚假的

*mendacioustalesofhisadventures

metamorphosis

/ˌmetə

ˈmɔːfəss/

formalaprocessinwhichsomethingchangescompletelyintosomethingverydifferent

synonymtransformation彻底转变

Ittookmesometimetoundergothemetamorphosisfromteachertolecturer.

meticulous

/mˈtɪkjləs/

verycarefulaboutsmalldetails,andalwaysmakingsurethateverythingisdonecorrectly

Hekeptmeticulousaccounts.一丝不苟的

Theirplanningandpreparationweremeticulous.

minatory

/ˈmɪnətri/

Formalthreateningtohurtsomeoneorsomething

威胁的

misanthrope*

onewhohatesordistrustmankind厌恶人类者

miscegenation

/ˌmɪsdʒˈneɪʆn

/

formalwhenpeopleofdifferentraceshaveaxualrelationshiporhavechildrentogether

混血

mitigate*

/ˈmɪtgeɪt/

Formaltomakeasituationortheeffectsofsomethinglessunpleasant,harmful,orrious

synonymalleviate缓和

Measuresneedtobetakentomitigatetheenvironmentaleffectsofburningmore

coal.

mollify*

/ˈmɒlfaɪ/

tomakesomeonefeellessangryanduptaboutsomething安抚

synonymplacate

Apolicewomanattemptedtomollifyher.

moro

/məˈrəʊs/

bad-tempered,unhappy,andsilent郁郁寡欢的

Danielemsverymoroandgloomy.

mundane

/mʌnˈdeɪn/

ordinaryandnotinterestingorexciting平凡的，世俗的

synonymboring

Initially,theworkwasprettymundane.

nascent

/ˈnæsnt/

Formalcomingintoexistenceorstartingtodevelop

theirnascentmanufacturingindustries新生的

neophyte*

/ˈniːəfaɪt/

ewhohasjuststartedtolearnaparticularskill,art,jobetc初学者

mberofareligiousgroup新人

negate

entsomethingfromhavinganyeffect使无效

23

/nɪˈgeɪt/

Effortstoexpandthetouristindustrycouldbenegatedbyreportsthattheaishighly

polluted.否定

ethatsomethingdoesnotexistorisuntrue

synonymdeny

obdurate

/ˈɒbdjrt/

Formalverydeterminednottochangeyourbeliefs,actions,orfeelings,inawaythat

emsunreasonable执拗，倔

synonymstubborn

Theyargued,butheremainedobdurate.

obfuscate

/ˈɒbfəskeɪt/

formaltodeliberatelymakesomethingunclearordifficulttounderstand

(故意地)使模糊

oblique

/əˈbliːk/

resdinadirectway间接的

synonymindirect

anobliquereferencetohisdrinkingproblem

king,pointingetcdirectlyatsomething斜的，拐弯抹角的

anobliqueglance

eline/strokeetc

aslopinglineetc

obquious*

/əbˈsiːkwiəs/

veryeagertopleaoragreewithpeoplewhoarepowerful-udinordertoshow

disapproval低三下四的

synonymrvile

anobquioussmile

obsolescent

/ˌɒbsəˈlesnt/

Formalgoingoutofu

过时的了

obstreperous

/əbˈstreprəs/

Formalnoisyandrefusingtodowhatsomeoneasks吵闹而不服从的

ealsoawkward

obtu

/əbˈtjuːs/

Formalslowtounderstandthings,inawaythatisannoying愚钝(而令人生烦)的

'Butwhy?'saidCharles,beingdeliberatelyobtu.

Obtuangle-ananglebetween90and180degrees

ealsoacuteangle

obviate

/ˈɒbvieɪt/

formaltopreventoravoidaproblemortheneedtodosomething避免，不需要

synonymeliminate

Thenewtreatmentobviatestheneedforsurgery.

occlude

stop;clo;topreventthepassageof使闭塞，封闭，(牙齿)咬合

officious

/əˈfɪʆəs/

volunteeringone'srviceswheretheyareneitheraskednorneeded

=meddlesome爱管闲事的

excessivelypushyinofferingone’srvices

omnivorous

/ɒmˈnɪvərəs/

althatisomnivorouatsbothmeatandplants杂食动物

ealsocarnivorous,herbivorous

interestedineverything,especiallyinallbooks兴趣广泛的(尤指对书)

onerous*

/ˈɒnərəs/

workoraresponsibilitythatisonerousisdifficultandworryingormakesyoutired繁重的

anoneroustask

opprobrium*

/əˈprəʊbriəm/

formalstrongcriticismordisapproval,especiallyexpresdpublicly

(尤指公开的)批评

oscillate

tokeepchangingbetweentwoextremeamountsorlimits摆动

24

/ˈɒsleɪt/Thestockmarketisoscillatingwildlyatthemoment.

oscillatebetween

Hisincomeoscillatedbetween£1500and£2000amonth.

ostentatious

/ˌɒstənˈteɪʆəs/

ingthatisostentatiouslooksveryexpensiveandisdesignedtomakepeoplethink

thatitsownermustbeveryrich(常带炫耀性质的)奢华的

Shecarriedhercarkeysonanostentatiousgoldkeyring.

anostentatiousdisplayofwealth

panegyric

/ˌpænˈdʒɪrɪk/

formalaspeechorpieceofwritingthatpraissomeoneorsomethingalot

溢美之词

panoply

/ˈpænəpli/

essiveshowofspecialclothes,decorationtc,especiallyatanimportant

ceremony壮丽的陈列，盛装，防护物

panoplyof

agloriouspanoplyofcolors

paragon*

/ˈpærəgən/

someonewhoisperfectorixtremelybrave,goodetc-oftenudhumorously模范

paragonof

aparagonofvirtue

partisan

/ˌpɑːtˈzæn/

lysupportingaparticularpoliticalparty,planorleader,usuallywithoutconsidering

theotherchoicescarefully盲目崇拜某党派的

Britishnewspapersarehighlypartisan.

pathogen

/ˈpæθədʒn/

technicalsomethingthatcausdiainyourbody病原体

pathogenic/ˌpæθəˈdʒenɪk◂/adjective

pathological

/ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

amentalorphysicalconditionthatispathologicaliscaudbydia

pathologicalconditionssuchascancer病理的

paucity*

/ˈpɔːsti/

[singular]smallnessofnumber=fewness少量

smallnessofquantity=dearth缺乏

paucityof

apaucityofinformation

pedantic

/pɪˈdæntɪk/

payingtoomuchattentiontorulesortosmallunimportantdetails学究式的

pedanticabout咬文嚼字

Somepeoplecanbeverypedanticaboutpunctuation.

penchant

/ˈpentʆənt/

a/somebody'spenchantforsomething

ifyouhaveapenchantforsomething,youlikethatthingverymuchandtrytodoitorhave

itoften嗜好

apenchantforfastcars

penury

/ˈpenjri/

formalthestateofbeingverypoor拮据，贫困

synonympoverty

Hediedinpenuryin1644.

percipient

/pəˈsɪpiənt/

quicktonoticeandunderstandthings敏锐的，洞察力强的

synonymperceptive知觉的

perennial

/pəˈreniəl/

uingorexistingforalongtime,orhappeningagainandagain长期的，不休的

Lackofresourceshasbeenaperennialproblemsincethebeginning.

Teddybearsareaperennialfavoritewithchildren.

thatisperenniallivesformorethantwoyears多年生

ealsoannual

25

perfidious*

/pəˈfɪdiəs/

someonewhoisperfidiousisnotloyalandcannotbetrusted背信弃义的

synonymtreacherous

perfunctory*

/pəˈfʌŋktri/

Formalaperfunctoryactionisdonequickly,andisonlydonebecaupeopleexpectit敷

衍的

Shegavehimaperfunctorysmile.

Theapplauwasperfunctory.

peripatetic

/ˌperpəˈtetɪk◂/

Formaltravellingfromplacetoplace,especiallyinordertodoyourjob四处游历的

aperipateticmusicteacher

permeable

/ˈpɜːmiəbl/

Technicalmaterialthatispermeableallowswater,gatctopassthroughit

oppositeimpermeable

thepermeablecellmembrane

permutation

/ˌpɜːmjʊˈteɪʆn/

ajororfundamentalchangebadprimarilyonrearrangementofexistent

elements交换

asandwichshopthatllverypossiblepermutationofmeatandbread

orprocessofchangingthelinealorderofanorderedtofobjects

redarrangementofatofobjects排列

perquisite

/ˈpɜːkwzɪt/

额外补贴，临时津贴

perspicacious

/ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʆəs/

Formalgoodatjudgingandunderstandingpeopleandsituations有洞察力的

synonymperceptive

pertinacious

/ˌpɜːtˈneɪʆəs/

Formalcontinuingtobelievesomethingortodosomethinginaverydeterminedway

坚持的，执拗的

synonymtenacious

pervasive

/pəˈveɪsɪv/

existingeverywhere遍布的

thepervasiveinfluenceoftelevision

petulant

/ˈpetʆlənt/

behavinginanunreasonablyimpatientandangryway,likeachild

暴躁的，任性的

philanderer

/fˈlændrə/

old-fashionedamanwhohasxwithmanywomen,withoutintendingtohaveany

riousrelationships花花公子

philanthropy

/fˈlænθrəpi/

[uncountable]thepracticeofgivingmoneyandhelptopeoplewhoarepoororintrouble

慈善事业

philology

/fˈlɒlədʒi/

thestudyofwordsandofthewaywordsandlanguagesdevelop

语言学

phlegmatic

/flegˈmætɪk/

calmandnoteasilyexcitedorworried无悲无喜的

Thetaxidriver,aphlegmaticmaninmiddleage,showednosurpriatthisrequest.

piety

/ˈpaɪəti/

whenyoubehaveinawaythatshowsrespectforyourreligion虔诚

ealsopious

anactofChristianpiety

placate

/pləˈkeɪt/

Formaltomakesomeonestopfeelingangry抚慰，平息

synonymappea

Thechangesdidlittletoplacatetheunions.

plasticity

/plæˈstɪsti/

technicalthequalityofbeingeasilymadeintoanyshape,andofstayinginthatshapeuntil

someonechangesit可塑性

platitudeastatementthathasbeenmademanytimesbeforeandisnotinterestingorclever-ud

26

/ˈplættjuːd/

toshowdisapproval老生常谈

Hixcuwastheplatitude'boyswillbeboys.'

plethora*

/ˈpleθərə/

aplethoraofsomething过多的

formalaverylargenumberofsomething,usuallymorethanyouneed

aplethoraofsuggestions

plummet

/ˈplʌmt/

alsoplummetdown[intransitive]

enlyandquicklydecreainvalueoramount暴跌(数量或价值)

synonymplunge

plummetfromsomethingtosomething

Profitsplummetedfrom£49millionto£11million.

suddenlyandquicklyfromaveryhighplace突然从高处跌下

Theplaneplummetedtowardstheearth.

porous

/ˈpɔːrəs/

ngliquid,airetctopassslowlythroughmanyverysmallholes多孔的

porousmaterial

pragmatic

/prægˈmætɪk/

dealingwithproblemsinansible,practicalwayinsteadofstrictlyfollowingatofideas

实用主义的，务实的

ealsodogmatic教条的，武断的

Williamstookamorepragmaticapproachtomanagementproblems.

preamble

/priˈæmbl/

formalastatementatthebeginningofabook,document,ortalk,explainingwhatitis

about前言

preambleto

thepreambletotheAmericanConstitution

precarious

/prɪˈkeəriəs/

rioussituationorstateisonewhichmayveryeasilyorquicklybecomewor居危

的，危险的

Herhealthremainedprecarious,despitethetreatment.

thecompany'sprecariousfinancialposition

precept

/ˈpriːpt/

formalaruleonwhichawayofthinkingorbehavingisbad

basicmoralprecepts信条，训诫

precipitate

/prˈsɪpteɪt/

formaltomakesomethingrioushappensuddenlyormorequicklythanwaxpected

骤成，促成(其他含义：沉淀；降雨量；坠落；凝结；冰雹)

synonymhasten

Theriotwasprecipitatedwhenfourblackmenwerearrested.

preclude

/prɪˈkluːd/

formaltopreventsomethingormakesomethingimpossible阻止，排除

rulesthatprecludeexperimentationinteachingmethods

precludesomebodyfromdoingsomething

Agealonewillnotprecludehimfromstandingasacandidate.

precocious

/prɪˈkəʊʆəs/

aprecociouschildshowsintelligenceorskillataveryyoungage,orbehavesinanadult

way-sometimesudtoshowdisapprovalinBritishEnglish早慧的，少年老成的

aprecociouschildwhowalkedandtalkedearly

precursor

/prɪˈkɜːsə/

formalsomethingthathappenedorexistedbeforesomethingelandinfluencedits

development先驱，前任，前兆

predilection

/ˌpriːdɪˈlekʆn/

formalifyouhaveapredilectionforsomething,especiallysomethingunusual,youlikeit

verymuch偏爱

predilectionfor

27

'spredilectionforgossip

prescient

/ˈpresiənt/

Formalabletoimagineorknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture

先见之明的

prentiment

/prɪˈzentmənt/

[countable]formalastrangefeelingthatsomethingisgoingtohappen,especially

somethingbad(不祥的)预感

synonympremonition

prentimentof

aprentimentofdisaster

presumptuous

/prɪˈzʌmptʆuəs/

Formaldoingsomethingthatyouhavenorighttodoandthatemsrude

isitpresumptuous(ofsomebody)todosomething冒昧，放肆

Woulditbepresumptuousofmetoaskwhyyouaresomirable?

prevaricate*

/prɪˈværkeɪt/

Formaltotrytohidethetruthbynotansweringquestionsdirectly

'I'mnotsure,'heprevaricated.支吾

pristine

/ˈprɪstiːn/

elyfreshorclean无暇，质朴

apristinewhiteshirt

ingthatispristineisinthesameconditionaswhenitwasfirstmade一如当

初的

Thecarhasbeenrestoredtopristinecondition.

iledordamagedinanyway无损的，无污染的

pristineAfricanrainforest

probity*

/ˈprəʊbti/

formalcompletehonesty正值

IhavealwaysfoundBentnertobeamodelofprobityinourdealings.

problematic

/ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk/

involvingproblemsanddifficulttodealwith问题多出的

Thereformscouldturnoutbehighlyproblematic.

prodigal*

/ˈprɒdɪgl/

alson/daughter

someonewholeavestheirfamilyandhomewithouttheapprovaloftheirfamily,butwho

issorrylaterandreturns浪子

ngmoney,wastingtimeetcinacarelessway败家子

synonymextravagant

aprodigallifestyle

profound

/prəˈfaʊnd/

astronginfluenceoreffect深远的

profoundeffect/influence/impact/conquenceetc

Tolstoy'xperiencesofwarhadaprofoundeffectonhiswork.

Themother'sbehaviourhasaprofoundimpactonthedevelopingchild.

profoundchangesinsociety

prohibitive

/prəˈhɪbtɪv/

itivecostsaresohighthattheypreventpeoplefrombuyingordoing

something令人望而却步的

ThecostoflandinTokyoisprohibitive.

bitiverulepreventspeoplefromdoingthings威严的

prohibitiveregulations

proliferate*

/prəˈlɪfəreɪt/

ifsomethingproliferates,itincreasquicklyandspreadstomanydifferentplaces

Computercourscontinuetoproliferate.迅速增长蔓延

promulgate

/ˈprɒmlgeɪt/

adanideaorbelieftoasmanypeopleaspossible广为传播(思想、信念)

anewlawcomeintoeffectbyannouncingitofficially颁布

28

propensity

/prəˈpensti/

formalanaturaltendencytobehaveinaparticularway倾向，习性

propensitytodosomething

themalepropensitytofight

propensityfor

Heemstohaveapropensityforbreakingthings.

propitiate*

/prəˈpɪʆieɪt/

formaltomakesomeonewhohasbeenunfriendlyorangrywithyoufeelmorefriendlyby

doingsomethingtopleahim取悦，和解

synonymappea

propound

/prəˈpaʊnd/

formaltosuggestanidea,explanationetcforotherpeopletoconsider提出

ThetheoryofnaturallectionwasfirstpropoundedbyCharlesDarwin.

propriety*

/prəˈpraɪəti/

heacceptedrulesofcorrectsocialbehavior适当；得体proprieties:礼节，礼仪

strictinobrvingtheproprieties

proscribe*

/prəʊˈskraɪb/

formaltoofficiallysaythatsomethingisnotallowedtoexistorbedone取缔

synonymforbid,prohibit

TheActproscribesdiscriminationonthegroundsofrace.

prolytize

/ˈprɒslətaɪz/

formaltotrytopersuadesomeonetojoinareligiousgroup,politicalpartyetc-ud

especiallywhenyoudisapproveofthis传教(贬义)

protracted

/prəˈtræktd/

udtodescribesomethingthatcontinuesforalongtime,especiallyifittakeslongerthan

usual,necessary,orexpected延长的

synonymlengthy

protractednegotiations/discussions/debateetc

theexpenofaprotractedlegalbattle

provident

/ˈprɒvdnt/

Formalcarefulandnsibleinthewayyouplanthings,especiallybysavingmoneyforthe

future有计划的，为未来理财的

prudence

/ˈpruːdns/

ansibleandcarefulattitudethatmakesyouavoidunnecessaryrisks

*financialprudence谨慎

puerile

/ˈpjʊəraɪl/

Formalsillyandstupid孩子气的，幼稚的

synonymchildish，immature

apuerilejoke

pugnacious

/pʌgˈneɪʆəs/

veryeagertoargueorfightwithpeople好争论的，好斗的

Theprofessorhadbeenpugnaciousandirritable.

punctilious

/pʌŋkˈtɪliəs/

Formalverycarefultobehavecorrectlyandfollowrules谨小慎微的

punctiliousabout

Joewasalwayspunctiliousaboutrepayingloans.

pungent

/ˈpʌndʒənt/

stinging;sharpintasteorsmell;caustic尖锐的，泼辣的

pusillanimous

/ˌpjuːslænməs/

Formalfrightenedoftakingevensmallrisks懦弱的，胆怯的

synonymcowardly

qualified

/ˈkwɒlfaɪd/

suitableknowledge,experience,orskills,especiallyforaparticularjob有资历的

well/suitably/highlyqualified

Dawniswellqualifiedforhernewrole.

querulous

/ˈkwerləs/

Formalsomeonewhoisquerulouscomplainsaboutthingsinanannoyingway满腹牢骚

的

'Butwhycan'tIgo?'hesaidinaquerulousvoice.

29

quibble

/ˈkwɪbl/

toargueaboutsmallunimportantdetails吹毛求疵

quibbleabout/over

Let'snotquibbleoverminordetails.

quiescence

ditionofbeingatrest,still,inactive静

quiescent*

/kwiˈesnt/

notdevelopingordoinganything,especiallywhenthisisonlyatemporarystate

静态，静止

rarefied

/ˈreərfaɪd/

edairistheairinhighplaces,whichhaslessoxygenthanusual稀薄

therarefiedatmosphereofacademia

iedplace,organization,ortypeofactivityisonlyavailabletoorunderstoodby

asmallgroupofpeople-udtoshowdisapproval稀少的，不为外人道的(贬义)

recalcitrant

/rɪˈkælstrənt/

refusingtodowhatyouaretoldtodo,evenafteryouhavebeenpunished老油条的

synonymunruly顽固的

arecalcitrantpupil

recant

/rɪˈkænt/

formaltosaypubliclythatyounolongerhaveapoliticalorreligiousbeliefthatyouhad

before（公开地）宣布，放弃，认错

reclu

/rɪˈkluːs/

someonewhochoostolivealone,anddoesnotlikeeingortalkingtootherpeople

隐匿者，低调者

Shebecamearecluaftershefailedthelastcompete!

recondite

/ˈrekəndaɪt/

formalreconditefactsorsubjectsarenotknownaboutorunderstoodbymanypeople

高深莫测的

synonymobscure

recumbent

/rɪˈkʌmbənt/

Formallyingdownonyourbackorside侧/背卧的，休息的

refractory*

/rɪˈfræktri/

deliberatelynotobeyingsomeoneinauthorityandbeingdifficulttodealwith

orcontrol刺头的

synonymunruly

larefractorydiaorillnessishardtotreatorcure难治的

refute

/rɪˈfjuːt/

ethatastatementorideaisnotcorrect驳斥，证伪

synonymrebut反驳

refuteahypothesis/aclaim/anideaetc

anattempttorefuteDarwin'stheories

rejoinder

/rɪˈdʒɔɪndə/

formalareply,especiallyarudeone(粗鲁的)应答

Hetriedtothinkofasnappyrejoinder.

relegate

/ˈrelgeɪt/

Banishtoaninferiorposition;delegate;assign

使降级，流放，移交，委任

remonstrate

/ˈremənstreɪt/

Formaltotellsomeonethatyoustronglydisapproveofsomethingtheyhavesaidordone

表示异议，强烈抗议

reprehensible

/ˌreprɪˈhensbl/

Formalreprehensiblebehaviorisverybadanddervescriticism

Ifindtheirbehaviormorallyreprehensible.应受谴责的

reprisals

/rɪˈpraɪzl/

somethingviolentorharmfulwhichyoudotopunishsomeoneforsomethingbadthey

havedonetoyou报复

ealsorevenge,retaliation

Theydidn'ttellthepoliceforfearofreprisal.

reproach

ism,blame,ordisapproval责备

30

/rɪˈprəʊtʆ/'Youdon'tneedme,'shesaidquietly,withoutreproach.

reprobate*

/ˈreprəbeɪt/

formalsomeonewhobehavesinanimmoralway-oftenudhumorously

堕落者，恶棍；邪恶的；非难

repudiate*

/rɪˈpjuːdieɪt/

toacceptorcontinuewithsomething拒绝接受，拒绝继续执行

synonymreject否认

Herepudiatedalloffersoffriendship.

rescind

/rɪˈsɪnd/

toofficiallyendalaw,orchangeadecisionoragreement

废除(法律)，改变(主意、协议)

resolution

/ˌrezəˈluːʆn/

▶DECISION◀[countable]aformaldecisionorstatementagreedonbyagroupofpeople,

especiallyafteravote

pass/adopt/approvearesolution决议

Theresolutionwaspasdbyatwo-thirdsmajority.

aresolutioncallingforabanondumpingnuclearwaste

NewYearresolution

resolve

/rɪˈzɒlv/

asatisfactorywayofdealingwithaproblemordifficulty

synonymsolve,ttle解决

resolveadispute/conflict/problemetc

Thecrisiswasresolvedbynegotiations.

Barnetwasdesperateformoneytoresolvehisfinancialproblems.

reticent*

/ˈretsnt/

unwillingtotalkaboutwhatyoufeelorwhatyouknow

synonymrerved沉默寡言，保持沉默

reticentabout

She'sstrangelyreticentaboutherson.

reverent

/ˈrevrənt/

Formalshowingalotofrespectandadmiration

敬畏，敬重

revile

/rɪˈvaɪl/

1.[transitiveverb]tosubjecttoverbalabus=vituperate唾骂

2.[intransitiveverb]touabusivelanguage=rail责骂

synonymhate

ThePresidentwasnowreviledbythesamepartyhehadhelpedtolead.

sage

/ɪdʒ/

1.[uncountable]aherbwithgrey-greenleaves鼠尾草

rysomeone,especiallyanoldman,whoisverywi圣人

dingfromorcharacterizedbywisdom,prudence,andgoodjudgment明智的

salient

/ˈɪliənt/

thesalientpointsorfeaturesofsomethingarethemostimportantormostnoticeable

partsofit突出的

thesalientpointsofthereport

salubrious

/səˈluːbriəs/

asalubriousareaorplaceispleasantandclean,especiallycomparedtootherplaces-

oftenudhumorously宜人的

thelesssalubriousareanearthedocks

sanction

/ˈsæŋkʆn/

sanctions[plural]officialordersorlawsstoppingtrade,communicationetcwithanother

country,asawayofforcingitsleaderstomakepoliticalchanges制裁

sanctionsagainst

USsanctionsagainstCuba

aresolutiontoimposanctions(=startusingsanctions)onNorthKorea

thethreatoftradesanctions

31

TheUNcuritycouncilmayimpoeconomicsanctions.

Anytalkaboutliftingsanctions(=endingthem)ispremature.

satiate

/ˈɪʆieɪt/

Literarytosatisfyadesireorneedforsomethingsuchasfoodorx,especiallysothatyou

feelyouhavehadtoomuch使满足，使厌腻

saturate

/ˈsætʆəreɪt/

Soakthoroughly使浸透，使饱和

savor

/ˈɪvə/

yenjoythetasteorsmellofsomething品尝

Shesippedherwine,savoringeverydrop.

yenjoyatimeorexperience体味

Shesavoredherfewhoursoffreedom.

Hehesitated,savoringthemoment.

crete

/sɪˈkriːt/

tofananimalorplantcretesaliquidsubstance,itproducesit分泌；隐匿

Thetoad'sskincretesadeadlypoison.

dition

/sɪˈdɪʆn/

speech,writing,oractionsintendedtoencouragepeopletodisobeyagovernment

煽动叛乱之举

TradeUnionleaderswerechargedwithdition.

shard

/ʆɑːd/

asharppieceofbrokenglass,metaletc碎片

shardof

ashardofpottery

skeptic

/ˈskeptɪk/

apersonwhodisagreeswithparticularclaimsandstatements,especiallythothatare

generallythoughttobetrue怀疑论者

Skepticsarguedthattheriinpriceswastemporary.

sociopath

/ˈsəʊsiəˌpæθ/

someonewhobehaviortowardsotherpeopleisconsideredunacceptable,strange,and

possiblydangerous反社会者；不爱社交者

solicitous

/səˈlɪstəs/

veryconcernedaboutsomeone'ssafety,health,orcomfort

热切的，殷勤的

soporific*

/ˌsɒpəˈrɪfɪk/

makingyoufeelreadytosleep催眠的

Hisvoicehadanalmostsoporificeffect.

specious*

/ˈspiːʆəs/

emingtobetrueorcorrect,butactuallyfal似是而非

aspeciousargument

spectrum

/ˈspektrəm/

acompleterangeofopinions,people,situationtc,goingfromoneextremetoits

opposite系列；幅度；范围；光谱

sporadic

/spəˈrædɪk/

happeningfairlyoften,butnotregularly不定期的，间歇的

synonymintermittent

Therehasbeensporadicviolencedowntown.

stigma*

/ˈstɪgmə/

amarkofshameordiscredit

耻辱

stint

/stɪnt/

torestrictorlimit,asinamountornumber;besparingwith

限制，节省

stipulate

/ˈstɪpjleɪt/

ifanagreement,law,orrulestipulatessomething,itmustbedone

synonymstate规定

Lawsstipulatethemaximuminterestratethatbankscancharge.

stolid*

/ˈstɒld/

impassive;unemotional;lackingnsitivity感觉迟钝的

32

striated

/straɪˈeɪtd/

Technicalhavingnarrowlinesorbandsofcolor

有条纹的

strut

/strʌt/

pasttenandpastparticiple:strutted;prentparticiple:strutting

proudlywithyourheadhighandyourchestpushedforwards,showingthatyou

thinkyouareimportant高视阔步

strutaround/about/acrostc

IstruttedaroundChicagoasifIwerereallysomebody.

subjugate

/ˈsʌbdʒgeɪt/

Formaltodefeatapersonorgroupandmakethemobeyyou

Thenativepopulationwassubjugatedandexploited.征服

subpoena

/səˈpiːnə/

lawawrittenordertocometoacourtoflawandbeawitness

传票

subside

/səbˈsaɪd/

ifafeeling,pain,sound,etcsubsides,itgraduallybecomeslessandthenstops

synonymdiedown

Simonwaiteduntilthelaughtersubsided.平息

Thepainsinhisheadhadsubsided,buthestillfeltdizzyandsick.

substantiate

/səbˈstænʆieɪt/

formaltoprovethetruthofsomethingthatsomeonehassaid,claimedetc

Katzenofferedlittleevidencetosubstantiatehisclaims.证实

subterfuge

/ˈsʌbtəfjuːdʒ/

formalacrettrickorslightlydishonestwayofdoingsomething,ortheuofthis

bysubterfuge托辞,伎俩

SereniwasluredtoMoscowbysubterfuge.

supercilious

/ˌsuːpəˈsɪliəs/

behavingasifyouthinkthatotherpeoplearelessimportantthanyou-udtoshow

disapproval

synonymlf-important高傲的(贬义的)

superciliouswinewaiters

superde

/ˌsuːpəˈsiːd/

ifanewidea,product,ormethodsuperdesanotherone,itbecomesudinstead

becauitismoremodernoreffective更新换代

synonymreplace

Theirmaphassincebeensuperdedbyphotographicatlas.

supplicate

Tomakehumbleandearnestentreaty哀告，求得

supposition

/ˌsʌpəˈzɪʆn/

somethingthatyouthinkistrue,eventhoughyouarenotcertainandcannotproveit

遐想，臆测

Hisversionofeventsispuresupposition.

tacit

/ˈtæst/

tacitagreement,approval,supportetcisgivenwithoutanythingactuallybeingsaid默许

的

atacitagreementbetweenthethreebigcompanies

taciturn

/ˈtæstɜːn/

Formalspeakingverylittle,sothatyouemunfriendly

沉默寡言的

tangential

/tænˈdʒenʆl/

formaltangentialinformation,remarktcareonlyrelatedtoaparticularsubjectinan

indirectway擦边的，相切的

tangentialto

Thematteryouraiisrathertangentialtothisdiscussion.

tenable

/ˈtenəbl/

abelief,argumentetcthatistenableisreasonableandcanbedefendedsuccessfully

站得住脚的

anideawhichisnolongertenable

33

tenacious

/tˈneɪʆəs/

inedtodosomethingandunwillingtostoptryingevenwhenthesituationbecomes

difficult顽强的，坚决的

atenaciousnegotiator

tendentious

/tenˈdenʆəs/

Formalatendentiousspeech,remark,booketcexpressastrongopinionthatisintended

toinfluencepeople有目的的，有倾向的

tenuous

/ˈtenjuəs/

tionorrelationshipthatistenuousisuncertain,weak,orlikelytochange

Fornow,theband'stravelplansaretenuous.脆弱的

tirade

/taɪˈreɪd/

alongangryspeechcriticizingsomeoneorsomething长篇的攻击性演说

tiradeagainst

Helaunchedintoatiradeagainstthechurch.

torpor*

/ˈtɔːpə/

formalastateofbeingnotactivebecauyouarelazyorsleepy不活泼

Shetriedtorouhimfromthetorporintowhichhehadsunk.

tortuous

/ˈtɔːtʆuəs/

ouspath,stream,roadetchasalotofbendsinitandisthereforedifficulttotravel

along曲折的，转弯抹角的

atortuouspathoverthemountainstoKandahar

tractable*

/ˈtræktəbl/

Formaleasytocontrolordealwith好对付的

oppositeintractable

Theissueshaveprovedtobelesstractablethanexpected.

transcendent

/trænˈndənt/

Formalgoingfarbeyondordinarylimits超然的

thetranscendentgeniusofMozart

transgress

/trænzˈgres/

todosomethingthatisagainsttherulesofsocialbehaviororagainstamoralprinciple

Orton'splaystransgressacceptedsocialnorms.逾越，违背

truculent

/ˈtrʌkjlənt/

bad-temperedandalwayswillingtoarguewithpeople蛮横的

atruculentattitude

unconscionable

/ʌnˈkɒnʆnəbl/

Formalmuchmorethanisreasonableoracceptable过度的，不和情理的

Thewarcaudanunconscionableamountofsuffering.

vacillate

/ˈvæsleɪt/

tocontinuetochangeyouropinions,decisions,ideatc犹豫的

synonymwaver

vacillatebetween

Herparentsvacillatedbetweendifferentapproachestodiscipline.

venerate

/ˈvenəreɪt/

tohonourorrespectsomeoneorsomethingbecautheyareold,holy,orconnected

withthepast尊崇

asymbolofArabcourage,tobeveneratedforgenerations

veracious*

truthful，markedbytruth诚实的，精确的

veracity

/vəˈræsti/

thefactofbeingtrueorcorrect真实性，诚实

synonymtruth

veracityof

Hasanyonecheckedtheveracityoftheallegations?

verbo

/vɜːˈbəʊs/

usingorcontainingtoomanywords啰嗦

Foronce,hisusuallyverbowifewascontenttolisten.

Legalwritingisoftenunclearandverbo.

verisimilitude

/ˌversˈ

Formalthequalityofbeingtrueorreal

questionsabouttheverisimilitudeofthedocument逼真

34

mɪltjuːd/

verity

/ˈverti/

animportantprincipleorfactthatisalwaystrue真理，真实性

synonymtruth

theeternalveritiesoflife

viable

/ˈvaɪəbl/

aviableidea,plan,ormethodcanworksuccessfully可行的

viablealternative/proposition/optionetc

Thecommitteecameforwardwithoneviablesolution.

vicarious

/vɪˈkeəriəs/

experiencedbywatchingorreadingaboutsomeoneeldoingsomething,ratherthanby

doingityourlf代替性的，同感的

vicariouspleasure/satisfaction/excitementetc

thevicariouspleasurethatparentsgetfromtheirchildren'ssuccess

vilify

/ˈvɪlfaɪ/

formaltosayorwritebadthingsaboutsomeoneorsomething中伤

vilifysomebody/somethingfor(doing)something

Johnsonwasvilifiedinthepressforrefusingtoresign.

viscous

/ˈvɪskəs/

technicalaviscousliquidisthickandstickyanddoesnotfloweasily

Astheliquidcools,itbecomesviscous.粘性的

vituperative

/vɪˈtjuːprətɪv/

Formalfullofangryandcruelcriticism

怒骂的，尖锐批评的

vociferous

/vəˈsɪfrəs/

Formalexpressingyouropinionsloudlyandstrongly

avociferousopponentoftheplan(表达观点)响亮的

volatile

/ˈvɒlətaɪl/

avolatilesituationislikelytochangesuddenlyandwithoutwarning易变的，易挥发的

anincreasinglyvolatilepoliticalsituation

volition

/vəˈlɪʆn/

ofyourownvolition意愿，自主

formalifyoudosomethingofyourownvolition,youdoitbecauyouwantto,not

becauyouareforcedto

Helenaleftthecompanyofherownvolition.

voracious

/vəˈreɪʆəs/

orwantinglargequantitiesoffood;havingagreatappetite

Pigsarevoraciousfeeders.贪吃的

Kidscanhavevoraciousappetites.

anextremelystrongdesiretodoorhavealotofsomething

avoraciousreader求知欲强的

Herappetiteforinformationwasvoracious.

warranted

/ˈwɒrənt/

alegaldocumentthatissignedbyajudge,allowingthepolicetotakeaparticularaction

法令；保证的

warrantfor

Themagistrateissuedawarrantforhisarrest.

wary

/ˈweəri/

someonewhoiswaryiscarefulbecautheythinksomethingmightbedangerousor

harmful机警的

bewaryof(doing)something

I'mabitwaryofdrivinginthisfog.

waryof

Wemustteachchildrentobewaryofstrangers.

welter

/ˈweltə/

awelterofsomething

alargeandconfusingamountornumberofsomething杂乱无章的，沉迷的

35

Thereisawelterofinformationonthesubject.

whimsical

/ˈwɪmzɪkl/

unusualorstrangeandoftenamusing怪诞的，异想天开的

Hehasawonderfulwhimsicalnofhumor.

zealot

/ˈzelət/

someonewhohaxtremelystrongbeliefs,especiallyreligiousorpoliticalbeliefs,andis

tooeagertomakeotherpeoplesharethem狂热信徒，热心者

religiouszealots