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固定期限劳动合同与无固定期限劳动合同的区别
DifferencesbetweenFixed-termLaborContractand
Unfixed-termLaborContract《劳动合同法》为
保证劳动合同的长期化,强调了无固定期限劳动合
同的制定,在广大的用人单位和劳动者范围内引起
了很大的震动。Toguaranteetheimplementationof
thelong-term-labor-contractsystem,theLabor
ContractLawemphasizesontheconclusionofthe
unfixed-termlaborcontracts,whichcausagreat
perplexityamongtheemployersandemployees.
无固定期限劳动合同真的是洪水猛兽,真的那么可
怕吗?Istheunfixed-termlaborcontractreallylike
agreatscourge?Isitreallysoterrible?本文希望通
过固定期限劳动合同、无固定期限劳动合同的解除
和终止条件和责任的比较,说明无固定期限劳动合
同与固定期限劳动合同的差别,揭示无固定期限劳
动合同的本质。Thistextintendstoexplainthe
differencesbetweenthefixed-termlaborcontractand
theunfixed-termlaborcontract,torevealthenature
oftheunfixed-termlaborcontractthroughthe
comparisonoftheconditionsandliabilitiesof
prematureterminationandterminationofthetwo
.
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kindsofthelaborcontracts.1、用人单位解除
劳动合同条件的差别DifferencesoftheConditions
forPrematurelyTerminatingtheLaborContractbythe
Employer1.1用人单位解除固定期限劳动合同
的条件ConditionsunderwhichtheEmployercould
PrematurelyTerminatetheFixed-termLaborContract
根据劳动合同法的规定,固定期限劳动合同下,劳
动合同可因满足如下条件时被解除:Thefixed-term
laborcontractmaybeprematurelyterminatedbythe
employerduetooneofthefollowingconditionsin
accordancewiththeLaborContractLaw:1.1.1用
人单位与劳动者协商一致的;Theemployerand
workermakeamutualagreementuponpremature
termination;1.1.2、用人单位因劳动者过错解除,
包括:
Theemployerprematurelyterminatesthecontract
duetothedefaultoftheemployee,including:(a)
劳动者在试用期间被证明不符合录用条件的;Ithasbeenproved
thattheemployeedoesnotsatisfytherecruitment
requirementsduringtheprobationperiod;(b)
劳动者严重违反用人单位的规章制度的;Theemployeeisin
riousviolationofthebylawsoftheemployer;(c)
.
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劳动者严重失职,营私舞弊,给用人单位造成重大损害的;The
workercausveredamagetotheemployerdueto
hisgravenegligencetohisdutiesorekingprivate
benefits;(d)劳动者同时与其他用人单位建立劳动关系,对完
成本单位的工作任务造成严重影响,或者经用人单位提出,拒不改正
的;Theemployeeestablisheslaborrelationshipwith
otheremployeratthesametime,whichmaycau
riousnegativeinfluenceonthefulfillmentofhisworks
designatedbytheemployer,ortheemployeerefus
tomakeacorrectionaftertheemployerhasrequired
himtoquittheotherlaborrelationwithother
employer;(e)劳动者以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危,使用
人单位在违背真实意思情况下订立或者变更劳动合同,致使劳动合同
无效的;Thelaborcontractisinvalidatedbecauitis
concludedoramendedunderthefraud,menacefromthe
employeeorundertheemployer’sprecariouspositionofwhichtheemployee
taketheadvantage,whichiscontrarytotheemployer’struewill.
(f)劳动者被依法追究刑事责任的。Theemployeeis
procutedforthecriminalliabilities.1.1.3、用人单位
因法定原因解除,包括:Theemployerprematurely
terminatesthecontractduetothelegalcaus,
including:
.
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(a)劳动者患病或者非因工负伤,在规定的医疗期满后不能从事
原工作,也不能从事由用人单位另行安排的工作的;Theemployee
fallsillorisinjuredforanon-work-relatedreason,andisnotabletobearthe
originalpositionaftertheexpirationofthemedicaltreatmentperiodas
prescribed,norcanheassumeanyotherpositionarrangedbythe
employer;(b)劳动者不能胜任工作,经过培训或者调整工作岗
位,仍不能胜任工作的;Theemployeeisincapableoffulfillinghisjob
andremainssoaftertrainedorpositionadjusted;(c)劳动合同订立
时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化,致使劳动合同无法履行,经用人单
位与劳动者协商,未能就变更劳动合同内容达成协议的;The
objectivecircumstanceonwhichtheconclusionofthelaborcontractisbad
hasalteredsignificantly,whichresultsinthatthelaborcontractisunableto
beperformed,andnoagreementconcerningthemodificationofcontentsof
thelaborcontractisreachedafterdiscussionbytheemployerandthe
employee;(d)用人单位依照企业破产法规定进行重整的;
Theemployerisunderrevitalizationinaccordancewiththebankruptcylaw;
(e)用人单位生产经营发生严重困难的;Theemployerfacesrious
difficultiesinproductionandbusinessoperation;(f)企业转产、
重大技术革新或者经营方式调整,经变更劳动合同后,仍需裁减人员的;
Theemployerhaschangedproducts,madesignificanttechnological
renovation,oradjustedtheformofbusinessoperation,whichresultsinthe
requirementtocutdownthenumberofworkervenafteralteringthe
.
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laborcontracts;(g)其他因劳动合同订立时所依据的客观经济情
况发生重大变化,致使劳动合同无法履行的。Theobjectiveeconomic
circumstance,onwhichthelaborcontractisbad,hasalteredsignificantly,
whichcausthelaborcontractcannotbeperformedanymore.
1.2用人单位解除无固定期限劳动合同的条件Conditions
underwhichtheEmployercouldPrematurelyTerminatetheUnfixed-term
LaborContract根据劳动合同法的规定,在满足上述1.1.1至
1.1.3条件的情况下,用人单位也可以解除劳动者的无固定期限劳动
合同。也就是说,无固定期限劳动合同和固定期限劳动合同下,用人单
位解除的条件是一致的。AccordingtotheLaborContractLaw,the
employermayalsoprematurelyterminatetheunfixed-termlaborcontract
,foran
employer,toprematurelyterminatethelaborcontract,eitheritisafixed-
termlaborcontract,oritisaunfixed-termlaborcontract,theconditions
aretotallythesame.2、用人单位解除劳动合同的限制条件
LimitationsofPrematurelyTerminatingtheLaborContractbytheEmployer
根据劳动合同法的规定,如果劳动者有下列情形之一,用人单位不得根
据上述1.1.3的规定解除劳动者的劳动合同,无论是固定期限的,还
是无固定期限的:InaccordancewiththeLaborContractLaw,incaof
anyofthefollowingcircumstancesofanemployee,theemployercannot
prematurelyterminatetheemployee’slaborcontractaccordingtothefore-
mentionedprovisionsof1.1.3,whateveritisafixed-termlaborcontractor
.
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anunfixed-termlaborcontract:(a)、从事接触职业病危害作业
的劳动者未进行离岗前职业健康检查,或者疑似职业病病人在诊断或者
医学观察期间的;Theemployeewhoconductsthejobexposinghim
tooccupationaldiahazardshasnotgonethroughanoccupational
healthcheckbeforeleavinghisposition,orissuspectedofhavingan
occupationaldiaandisunderdiagnosormedicalobrvation;
(b)、在本单位患职业病或者因工负伤并被确认丧失或者部分丧失劳动能
力的;Duringhimploymentwiththeemployer,theemployeehas
sufferedoccupationaldiaorinjuryrelatingtohisjobandhasbeen
confirmedaslostorpartiallylosthiscapacitytowork;
(c)、患病或者非因工负伤,在规定的医疗期内的;Theemployeeis
sufferingfromillnessorisbeinginjuredirrelevanttohisjob,andtheperiod
ofmedicaltreatmentasprescribedthereforehasnotexpired;(d)、
女职工在孕期、产期、哺乳期的;Thefemaleemployeeisinher
pregnancy,confinementornursingperiod;(e)、在本单位连续工作
满十五年,且距法定退休年龄不足五年的;Theemployeehasbeen
workingfortheemployerfor15yearsormorecontinuouslyandislessthan
fiveyearsawayfromhislegalretirementage;(f)、法律、行政法规
规定的其他情形。Othercircumstancesasprescribedbylawsor
administrativeregulationsoccur.也就是说,固定期限劳动合同和
无固定期限劳动合同项下,用人单位解除的限制条件是完全相同的。
Thatistosay,thelimitationsofprematurelyterminationthefixed-term
.
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laborcontractandtheunfixed-termlaborcontractbytheemployerare
consistentwitheachother.3、劳动合同终止条件Conditionsof
theTerminatingLaborContract3.1固定期限劳动合同的终止条件:
Conditionsofterminatingthefixed-termlaborcontract:(a)、劳动合
同期满的;Thetermofthelaborcontractexpires;(b)、劳动者
开始依法享受基本养老保险待遇的;Theemployeehasbeguntoenjoy
thebasicold-ageinsurancetreatments;(c)、劳动者死亡,或者被人
民法院宣告死亡或者宣告失踪的;
Theemployeeisdecead,orisdeadormissingas
announcedbythepeople’scourt;(d)、用人单位
被依法宣告破产的;Theemployerisannouncedas
bankruptcyaccordingtolaw;(e)、用人单位被吊
销营业执照、责令关闭、撤销或者用人单位决定提
前解散的;Thebusinesslicenoftheemployeris
revoked,ortheemployerisorderedtoclodownoris
discharged,ortheemployerdeterminestocarryout
liquidationbeforetheschedule;(f)、法律、行政
法规规定的其他情形。Othercircumstancesas
prescribedbylawsoradministrativeregulationsoccur.
3.2无固定期限劳动合同的终止条件Conditionsof
terminatingtheunfixed-termlaborcontract除基于
无固定期限劳动合同没有届满时间,无法因期满而
.
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终止外,无固定期限劳动合同可因上述3.1(a)-(f)的
原因终止。Theunfixed-termlaborcontractmaybe
terminatedduetothereasonsasmentionedbyarticle
3.1(b)-(f),excludingthereasonofexpirationofthe
termofthefixed-termcontractsincetheunfixed-term
laborcontracthasnoexpirationterm.4、解除和
终止劳动合同的法律责任LegalLiabilitiesof
PrematureTerminationandTerminationoftheLabor
Contract4.1支付经济补偿金Paythe
economiccompensation劳动合同法规定,无固定
期限劳动合同和固定期限劳动合同项下,有下列情
形之一的,用人单位应当向劳动者支付经济补偿:
InaccordancewiththeLaborContractLaw,incaof
anyofthefollowingcircumstances,theemployershall
makeaneconomiccompensationtotheemployee
eitherundertheunfixed-termlaborcontract,or
underthefixed-termlaborcontract:(a)、用人单位
向劳动者提出解除劳动合同并与劳动者协商一致解除劳动合同的;
Theemployerprematurelyterminatesthelaborcontract
throughmutualconntwiththeemployee;(b)、用
人单位因1.1.3所列的原因解除劳动合同的;Theemployer
prematurelyterminatesthelaborcontractduetothe
.
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legalcausasdescribedinarticle1.1.3;(c)、因用人
单位被依法宣告破产或被吊销营业执照、责令关闭、撤销或者用人单位
决定提前解散终止劳动合同的;Theemployerterminatesthe
laborcontractduetotheemployerisannouncedas
bankruptcyaccordingtolaw,oritsbusinesslicenis
revoked,oritisorderedtoclodownorisdischarged,
oritdeterminestogotoliquidationbeforethe
schedule;(d)、法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。Other
circumstancesasprescribedinlawsoradministrative
regulationshappen.4.2固定期限劳动合同到期终止时,支
付经济补偿金Paytheeconomiccompensationonthe
expirationofthefixed-termlaborcontract除用人单位维
持或者提高劳动合同约定条件续订劳动合同,劳动者不同意续订的情形
外,用人单位因劳动合同期满终止固定期限劳动合同的,用人单位应
当向劳动者支付经济补偿。Whenthefixed-termlabor
contractexpires,theemployershallmakeaneconomic
compensationtotheemployeeexpectthatthe
employeedisagreestorenewthelaborcontracteven
thoughtheconditionsofferedbytheemployerarethe
sameasorbetterthanthostipulatedinthecurrent
contract;4.3违法解除或终止的后果,Liabilityfor
illegalprematureterminationortermination用人单位
.
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违反劳动合同法规定解除或者终止劳动合同的,无论是固定期限劳动合
同,还是无固定期限劳动
合同,均应当依照劳动合同法规定的经济补偿标准的二倍向劳动者支付赔偿
金。Wheretheemployerillegallyprematurelyterminatesorterminatesalabor
contract,eitherafixed-termlaborcontract,oraunfixed-termlaborcontract,the
employershallpaytheemployeeattherateoftwiceoftheeconomic
compensationsaccordingtotheLaborContractLaw.通过上述解除条件、解除
限制、终止条件、解除和终止责任的比较,我们可以发现,除了固定期限劳动
合同可以因劳动合同期满而终止这项差别外,就劳动合同的解除和终止而言,
固定期限劳动合同和无固定期限劳动合同没有其他差别。劳动合同法强调无固
定期限劳动合同的订立,并非是要为劳动者提供打不碎的铁饭碗,只是为了
推进劳动合同的长期化,鼓励用人单位与劳动者订立长期的劳动合同,维持稳
定的劳动关系。Throughthecomparisonoftheprematureterminationconditions,
thelimitationofprematuretermination,theterminationconditionsandthe
liabilitiesofprematureterminationandterminationofthelaborcontracts,wecan
findthattherearenootherdifferencesofprematureterminationandtermination
betweenthefixed-termlaborcontractandtheunfixed-termlaborcontract,except
emphasisontheconclusionoftheunfixed-termlaborcontractbytheLabor
ContractLawisjustaimedtopromotethelong-term-labor-contract,toencourage
theemployertoenterintoalongerlaborcontractwiththeemployee,andto
maintainthesteadylaborrelationship,notaimedtoprovidetotheemployeea
lifelongcuredjob.(注:此文章由方本律师事务所提供)
.
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