antidepressant

大学英语阅读理解题关于抑郁和压抑的

Depressioncanbeadestructiveillness,plaguing

millionsofpeopleworldwidewithfeelingsofsadness,

hopelessness,enumerousantidepressant

drugs,asmanyasathirdofpatientsdon'trespondto

sforceddoctorstobemorecreativein

findingdifferenttreatmentsforthecondition.

Inthepasttwodecades,rearchershavetieddepression

toaeminglyunrelatedcondition:inflammation(炎症),the

body'drifrominjury

orinflection,orevenemotionalissueslikeanunhappy

ountofinflammationis

generallybeneficial,asitincreasproductionofcytokines(，

proteinsthathelpushealandprotectusfromtheeffectsof

overwork.

Butexcessivecytokinelevels,andtheinflammation

theybringon,couldcomeatacost—anumberofstudies

suggeststhathighlevelsofcytokinescouldcontributeto

depression.

Cytokinescanreachthebrainveralways:directly

throughtheblood-brainbarrierorindirectlybybindingto

nervefiberlwhere,whichndsignalstothebrainto

rain,cytokinescan

disturbtheproductionandreleaofveralimportant

signalingchemicals,includingrotonin,dopamineand

glutamate,whichhelpcontrolemotion,appetite,sleep,

'sthoughthatalackofrotonin

activityinthebraincausdepression;mostantidepressants

okinesalsohavebeenshownto

activatestresshormonesignalinginthebrain,whichmanalso

rvetodevelopdepression.

Withalltheevidenceimplicatinginflammationin

depression,doctorshavebeenanxioustotest

all

studiespublishedbetween2006and2017byrearchgroupsin

EuropeandIranfoundthatadultsdiagnodwithdepressionwho

tookaspirinoranotheranti-inflammatorydrugcalled

Celecoxib,alongwithanantidepressant,gotmorerelieffrom

feelingsofsadness,hopelessness,guiltandfatiguecompared

r,Andrew

Miller,aprofessorofpsychiatryatEmoryUniversity,thought

somethingwaswronginthesmall,

themlookedatwhethertheparticipantshadtohavehighlevels

ofcytokinesbeforethey'deabenefitfromanti-inflammatory

drugs."Unfortunately,muchofthefieldhasfallenintothe

trapofviewinginflammationasthebe-all,end-all,"Miller

iscolleagueswantedtoewhethertheeffect

ofthedrugswaslimitedtothedepressionpatientswithhigh

cytokinelevels,orifithelpedallpeoplediagnodwith

depression.

（1）Whichofthefollowingillustratedhowdepressionis

developed?

→overwork→inflammation→depression

mation→infection→stress→depression

ne→stress→infection→depression

ion→inflammation→cytokine→depression

（2）Theunderlinedword"excessive"inPara.3isclost

inmeaningto"________".

riate

（3）Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

sionwillbeacurablediaforalongtime

pirincaneffectivelyhelprelievepeopleofmany

emotionalproblems

whoarehard–workingaremorelikelytoget

depression

alongwaytogobeforedepressioncanbe

satisfyingtreated