2014考研英语真题

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

onANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Thinnerisn’rofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeoplearein

rearehealth

conditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenareless

likelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,being

somewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.

Ofevengreater___5___ten

defined___6___bodymassindex,___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.

n25and30is

y,___8___,canbedividedintomoderately

obe,verelyobe,andveryverelyobe.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsem9,yisprobablylessamatterofweight

oplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMI

mple,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobe,

ly,someonewithasmallframemayhavehigh

bodyfatbuta13BMI.

Todaywehavea(an)_14_rweightaresometimes_15_in

types_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwill

power,rs,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeen

showntoharborbiasagainsttheobe._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownonthe

overweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

Negativeattitudestowardobesity,___18___inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberof

anti-obesity___19___.

leObamahaslauncheda

high-visibilitycampaign__20___childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitreprentsourgreatest

nationalcuritythreat.

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SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-old

widowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouinFloridatocollectthebiggest

opeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelings

offulfillment,shecoulddoworthanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichael

Norton.

Thetwoacademicsuanarrayofbehavioralrearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingways

iesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancy

isfactionwiththematerialpurchaswearsofffairlyquickly

whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;rbettertospendmoney

onexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingto

urchasoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesor

memories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthe

most"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycould

shortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatching

television(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andis

hardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasing

thingsforonelf,

apparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketing

trickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobssion.

Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.

Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthan

linkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeen

amongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthings

ryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrom

manda

mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

ingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurcha?

[A]Abighou[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal

hor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis________.

[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous

ismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat_______.

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreaspleasure

ingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_______.

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurcha

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersanofachievement

xtmainlydiscusshowto______.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalrearchsaysthat,actually,you

thinkyou’adeep-atedneedtofeelgoodabout

ourlvesandwenaturallyemployanumberoflf-enhancingstrategiestorearchintowhat

thecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%

ofusrateourlvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwell

withothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Wme

defensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,we

stalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintolf-enhancement

thathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,he

askedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemlves’fromalineupincludingversions

recognition,readsthestudy,is

“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleorno

apparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoafallyflatteringimage-which

oundnosignificantgender

thereanyevidencethat,thowholf-enhancethemust(that

is,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsoto

thowhothoughtthattheimageshigherupthe

attractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththowhoshowedothermakersfor

havinghigherlf-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceof

personaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellof

themlves’.Ifyouaredepresd,youwon’gtheresultsofEpley

‘sstudy,itmakesnthatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemlvesViscerally-ononelevel,

theydon’tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureasthemlves,Facebooktherefore,isa

lf-enhancer’sparadi,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamof

theirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,says

CatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionof

themlves.

ingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.

[A]ourlf-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbalesffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]lf-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

recognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______.

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiverespon

[D]automaticlf-defence

oundthatpeoplewithhigherlf-esteemtendedto______.

[A]underestimatetheirincurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

d“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclostinmeaningto_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

einferredthatFacebookislf-enhancer’sparadibecaupeoplecan_____.

[A]prenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

Text3

,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typically

dderoftearsislikelytoapologize,

evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)erveroftearsislikely

gingfromrecent

studiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,

boththoresponstotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.

volutionhas

givenritofew,ifany,purpolessphysiologicalrespon,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghas

oneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobrvershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytosolicitassistancefromothers(asa

cryingbabymightfromitsmother),

crieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,there

mustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemlves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,

UniversityofMinnesotarearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshave

emicalsarefoundonlyin

hedbecauofexposuretocutonionwould

containnosuchsubstance.

Rearchersatveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheufulnessoftearsasameans

ofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversity’astlandhiscolleaguesreportthat

theycanutearstodetectdrugabuandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhether

acontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausof“dryeye”

syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapventomeasureexposureto

environmentalpollutants.

arisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosis

anbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyand

onlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalys.

ownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

[A]sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

[B]cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

[C]cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople

[D]onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

es“boththoresponstotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto?

[A]Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

[B]Theembarrassmentandunpleasantnsationoftheobrvers.

[C]Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobrver’fforttostopthecrying.

[D]Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.

33.“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________”.

[A]havingnoeffectatall

[B]leadingtotension

[C]producingdisastrousimpact

[D]harmfultohealth

estheauthorsayaboutcrying?

[A]Itisapointlessphysiologicalrespontotheenvironment.

[B]Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.

[C]Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

[D]Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

nbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

[A]Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

[B]Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaemotionaltears.

[C]Emotionaltearscangiverito“dryeye”syndromeinsomecas.

[D]Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

Text4

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusually

onroads,railways,gisldommentioned.

Whyisthat?notbeengood

atcoereis

rdtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-pound

infrastructureproject,hapsthe

mostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,glistsincreaallthetimeand

wearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectify

stoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgent

housingneed.

munitiesminister,

DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemore

flexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousing

ceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsif

thecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwould

haveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfrom

revenues.

hemeasureswouldbewelcomeinthe

shortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofund

newaffordablehousing,ttoexpirein2015,our

partyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansif

singctorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturnto

toadjusttothischangingclimate.

horbelievesthatthehousingctor__

[A]hasattractedmuchattention

[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

elearnedthataffordablehousinghas__

[A]increaditshomesupply

[B]offeredspendingopportunities

[C]sufferedgovernmentbias

[D]disappointedthegovernment

ingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.

[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

[D]releaaliftedGDPgrowthforecast

einferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.

[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

[B]lesntheimpactofgovernmentinterference

[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities

horbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay______.

[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingctor

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

ourtranslationonANSWERSHEET

2.(15points)

Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismandlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.

Butthat’xactlythekindoffaldeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.

“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,

AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,

butnotthowhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.

feelsdown-sag,aftergivingabad

ndshimlfthatmoteverylecturecan

beaNobelwinner;reconstruction,Heanalyzes

theweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’y,

thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecture

reallydoesn’tmatter.

【参考译文】

大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不

会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的TalBen-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主

义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做

好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。

Ben-Shahar会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情

郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺

贝尔获，总会有一些演讲比其它演讲效果差。接着是重塑，他分析了这个效果不好的演讲，

并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后，需要有这样一种观点，

那就是承认，在广阔的生命当中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions:SuppoyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocal

imtoemailto

1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and

2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.

Donotuyourownname.

DearJohn,

IamLiMingwhowillgotostudyinyouruniversityandlivetogetherwithyouinonedepartment.

NowIamwritingthislettertotellyousomeofmyhabitsandaskyouforsomesuggestionsto

adaptmylfthere.

Tobeginwith,Iusuallygetupearlyinthemorningatsixo’clockandthengoouttodosome

inue,ile,I

wonderifyoucouldbesokindtooffermesomeproposalsonhowtogetudtothelifethere.

Iamlookingforwardtoeingyousoonandwisheverythinggoeswell.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

PartB

ions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Youshould

retthechart,and

urcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Whatisclearlyprentedintheabovechartisthedifferentnumbersofurbanresidentsandrural

populationamong1990,berofurbanresidentsclimbedsteadilyfrom300

millionin1990to660millionorsoin2010，whileruralpopulationdecreadslightlyfromabout

820millionto680millionorsointhesameperiod.

Itisnone

hand,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandsociety,peopleinmountingnumberscrowd

intocitiesinarchofemployment,

theotherhand,theeconomyintheruraldistrictsiscomparativelessdevelopedandthusthe

ult,anincreasing

numberoffolksaretryingtoescapethisdestinybyflockingintotheurbanareas.

Giventheanalysabove,Ifirmlybelievethatsuchestablishedtrendwillsurelycontinuefor

quiteawhileintheforthcomingyearsanddueimportanceshouldbeattachedtothivident

situation.