英语发音规则(重读、轻读、略
读、浊音)
TIPS:
第一.找到元音字母AEIOUY
第二.判断音节数目1.单音节2.双音节
3.多音节
第三.识别重读音节1.单音节词都重读cat
atcupsitthisthatherhemewemycoat
meateat
2.双音节词一般情况下,动词在后面重读,
非动词在前面重读
单音节加上前缀或后缀,在原词上重读
3.多音节词一般情况下,在倒数第三音节上
重读。
双音节加上前缀或后缀,在原词上重读
4.若单词以-tion,-sion,-ic结尾,则在其前
一个元音上重读
5.第一重读音节前若还有两个以上的音节,则
在倒数第二个音节上再重读
第四.划分重读音节1.重读在后,其前至少有
一辅音归后注意
pl,bl,gl,br,pr,ph,th,gr,tr,sp,st
2.重读在前,后面的辅音遵循一分为二、前一
后二的原则
第五.确定音节类别重读音节1.开音节2.闭
音节3.-re音节4.-r音节5字母组合
弱读音节1.单个元音音节2.-r音节3.字
母组合4.非重读辅音音节
重读音节1开音节1.绝对开音节
单个元音直接结尾
he,she,me,we,the,shy,by,my,go,no,
2.相对开音节单个元音+单个辅音+e
like,name,home,cute,the
3.第三开音节单个元音直接+e
shoe,pie,lie,toe,e,true,free,due
2闭音节1.绝对闭音节单个元音+单个
辅音结尾
mop,cat,cup,dig,get,fit,hat,hot,gut
2.相对闭音节单个元音+两个辅音+e
dance,n,fence,chance,collap
3.第三闭音节单个元音直接+多个辅音
desk,scratch,fetch,bath,front
4.第四闭音节单个元音+rr+元音
sorry,hurry,marry,merry,mirror
3r音节1.绝对R音节单个元音+
单个R
car,for,sir,her,fur,far,bar,nor,per
2.相对R音节单个元音+单个R+单辅
+ehor,nur
3.第三R音节单个元音+单个R+辅音
park,hard,torch
4re音节1.绝对re音节单个元音+
单个R+ecare,more,here,sure,tire
2.相对re音节单个元音+单个R+元音
zero,rious,hero,parent,curious
5字母组合1.元元组合
ai,auwait,becau,fault,main
ea,ee,ei,eau
eat,heat,meat,meet,deed,receive,beautiful
oa,oo,oi,ou
boat,coat,book,foot,soil,hou,
ia,ie,io
bias,believe,violent,social,society,Russi
a
uifruit,juice
ay,ey,oyday,grey,boy,tray
2.单元辅组合al,aw,
ball,tall,small,saw,paw
ig,igh,sign,high,night,
ewnew,few,dew
owknow,now,how,sow
3.多元辅组合air,augh
hair,air,fair,caught,daughter
eer,ear,eir,
deer,fear,near,heir,heart,learn
eigheight,height,
oor,oar,oul
door,board,boar,could,should
ower,our
power,tower,hour,labour,flower
非重读音节1单元音节单个元音音节
a,e,i,o,u
office,different,elephant,unlfishness,
2r音节构成同重读音节
ar,er,ir,or,ur
sister,doctor,particular,surpri
3字母组合构成同重读音节
window,nation,social,blackboard,bathroom
4辅音音节在词尾的mtm,dm
ldom,autumn,
在词尾的ntn,dn,sn,fn
garden,cotton,listen,offen,common,
在词尾的ltl,nl,ml,dl,fl
little,middle,trifle,animal,apple,table,c
rystle
sl,pl,bl,gl,zl
castle,mentle,capital,possible,terrible,p
uzzle
英语国际音标
音标基础知识
一.音节
⒈什么是音节?
⑴音节通常由一个元音加上一个或几个辅音构
成,也可以由单独一个元音构成。此外,[l]、
[m]、[n]在后面没有元音的情况下也可与它前
面的辅音构成一个音节。
·相关链接:
Asyllableispartofawordthatcontainsone
vowelsound;itmayalsocontainoneormore
ral,thenumberof
vowelsintheworddeterminesthenumberof
syllables.
:PronouncingAmericanEnglish
一个音节通常是一个含有一个元音和一个或几
个辅音的单词的一部分。一般来说,单词中元音
的个数决定这个单词音节的个数。
—《美国英语发音词典》
⑵含有元音的音节和若干个辅音音素
①只有一个元音音素(音节核peak)
eyeourhourah
②含有一个元音音素和音节尾(音节核peak+音
节尾coda)
amoughtea
③含有一个元音音素、音节首和音节尾(音节首
ont+音节核peak+音节尾coda)
runmustfill
④含有成音节辅音的音节
辅音+成音节/l、m、n/
bottlepeoplecottonbottom
·相关链接:
Inawordlike“bottle”,theweaksyllable
containsnovowelatall,butconsistntirely
thisasyllabic
consonant.
在像“bottle”这样的词中,非重读音节中根本
没有元音,而全是辅音。我们把这样完全由辅音
字母构成的音节叫做构成音节的辅音,简称“成
音节”。
⒉音节的分类
⑴音节按读音可分为开音节和闭音节。开音节又
可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。在开音节
中,这个元音字母发字母本身音。
①绝对开音节是指元音字母后面没有辅音字母
而构成的音节,如:wenoeateabee
②相对开音节是指一个元音字母后面有一个辅
音字母(除r外),最后是一个不发音的e构成
的音节,如:namecakegamefacetimelike
nicefinefivenohomeucute
③闭音节是指元音字母后面有辅音字母(除r外)
构成的音节,如:catondesknotleg
⑵音节按是否重读可以分为重读音节和非重读
音节。
预备知识
只含有一个音节的单词叫做单音节词;含有两个
音节的单词叫做双音节词;含有三个或三个以上
音节的单词叫做多音节词。
①重读音节(重音):在双音节词和多音节词中,
有一个音节读得特别重,叫做重读音节,简称“重
音”,用“'”来表示,加在重读音节的左上方。
有些单词音节较多,除了重音外,还有次重音,
用“ˌ”来表示。不重读的音节为非重读音节。
单音节词作重读处理,但不标重音符号。
标注单词重音一般规则如下:
54321
ˌ______'_________
university[ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sɪtɪ]
'_________
difficult['dɪfɪkəlt]
'______study['stʌdɪ]
___good[gʊd]
②重读开音节:以元音字母结尾的重读音节叫重
读开音节;
重读闭音节:以辅音字母结尾的重读音节叫重
读闭音节。
应用:单词变形。
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词,双写词尾
加ing变为现在分词,双写词尾加ed变为过去
式和过去分词。
但infer,refer,prefer三个词在变过去式、过去分
词、现在分词时双写“r”,是重读开音节双写词
尾。
⒊音节的划分
划分音节的方法:元音是构成音节的主体,辅音
是音节的分界线。
⑴两辅音之间不管有多少个元音,一般都是一个
音节。如:beatbeauty
⑵两个音节相邻处只有一个辅音字母时(除r和
字母组合外),如前面是开音节,该辅音字母属
于后面;如前面是闭音节,该辅音字母属于前面。
如:stu-dentstud-y
⑶两个音节相邻处有两个辅音字母时(除r和字
母组合外),一个辅音字母归前一音节,一aaa
个归后后一音节。如:run-nerwin-ter
⑷两个音节相邻处有字母r时:
①相邻处是rr时,前者属于前面,后者属于后面,
且前者按重读闭音节规律发音。如:
mar-ry
②相邻处是“元音字母+r+其他辅音字母”时,r
属于前面并按-r音节规律发音。如:
far-ther
③相邻处是“元音字母+r+元音字母”时,r属于
前面。r前的元音字母按-re音节规律发音。如:
dur-ing['djʊərɪŋ]
⑸不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。
如:daugh-terfa-thertea-cher
移行时:⑴要按音节移,连字符“-”位于行末
(如picture)
⑵单个字母的音节不能单独留在行末
(如unit)或单独移至下行首(如city)
⑶有连字符的在连字符处断开(如
picture-book)
上行:...pic-...u-...cit-...
picture-
下行:ture...nit...y...
book
(正确)(错误)(错误)(正
确)
⒋元音气流不受阻碍,声带振动;辅音气流受阻
碍,清辅音声带不振动,浊辅音声带振动。
⒌拼读方法
辅音在前,元音在后,两者要相拼。先发出辅音,
然后连续过渡到元音的口形,发出元音的声音,
中间不要有停顿。
元音在前,辅音在后,连续发出各自的音。
⒍元音音素和辅音音素:
分类一:
单元音(12个):
长元音:[i:][ɑ:][ɜ:][u:][ɔ:]
短元音:[ɪ][e][æ][ʌ][ə][ʊ][ɒ]
双元音(8个):
[aɪ][eɪ][ɪə][əʊ][ʊə][aʊ][eə][ɔɪ]
清辅音(11个):
[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][ts][tʃ][tr][h]
浊辅音(15个):
[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dz][dʒ][dr][l][r][m
][n][ŋ]
半元音(2个):[w][j]
分类二:
元音:
前元音:[i:][ɪ][e][æ]
中元音:[ʌ][ə][ɜ:]
后元音:[ɑ:][ɒ][ɔ:][ʊ][u:]
双元音:[eɪ][aɪ][əʊ][aʊ][ɔɪ][ɪə][eə][ʊə]
辅音:
爆破音:[p][b][k][g][t][d][tr][dr]
摩擦音:[f][v][s][z][ʃ][ʒ][θ][ð][ts][dz][r]
鼻音:[m][n][ŋ]
(舌)边音:[l]
破擦音:[h][tʃ][dʒ]
半元音:[w][j]
国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系
—从音标到字母和字母组合
单元音:
[i:]:⑴e:heshemewe
⑵ea:teaeatmeat
⑶ee:etreee
⑷ei:receive
⑸ey:key
⑹i:policepolicemanpolicewoman
machine
⑺eo:people
⑻ie:piecefieldbelievethief
[ɪ]:⑴a:orangecabbage
⑵ay:Sundayholiday
⑶e:beginEnglishprettycinema
⑷ey:monkey
⑸i:itisinbig
⑹y:cityverysorry
⑺u:busy
⑻ui:buildbuilding
⑼ai:captain
[e]:⑴a:anymanyanyone
⑵ai:said
⑶ay:says
⑷e:penbedyeggdesk
⑸ea:breadheadbreakfast
⑹u:bury
[æ]:a:bagamandatsad
[ə]:⑴a:alongaboutbananaCananaChina
⑵e:studentopenchildrendifferent
⑶i:holidayApril
⑷o:todaywelcomepolice
⑸u:minusautumn
⑹er:fathermotherbrothersister
⑺or:doctorforgetmirror
⑻ar:sugar
⑼re:metretiredfire
⑽ou:deliciousprevious
⑾ur:surpriSaturday
⑿our:colour
⒀ure:picturepleasure
⒁oar:cupboard
⒂yr:martyrsatyr
[ɜ:]:⑴ear:learnearthearlyheard
⑵er:herterm
⑶ir:firstgirlbirdskirtsirthird
⑷or:workwordworld
⑸ur:nurturnhurtThursday
⑹yr:myrtle
⑺our:journalistjournal
[ʌ]:⑴o:comenoneloveother
⑵oo:bloodflood
⑶ou:touchcountryenoughyoung
⑷u:bussunbutcutupus
[ɑ:]:⑴a:classbananafatherafter
⑵al:halfpalm
⑶ar:carfarparkarmstar
⑷au:auntlaugh
⑸ear:heart
[ɒ]:⑴([w])a:wantwashwatchwhat
⑵o:hotonnotsorry
⑶ou:cough
⑷au:Australia
[ɔ:]:⑴(w)a:water
⑵al:allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktall
wall
⑶([w])ar:warmquarter
⑷au:Augustautumndaughter
⑸aw:drawsawlaw
⑹oor:doorfloor
⑺ore:morebefore
⑻or:orforshortsport
⑼ou:boughtbroughtthought
⑽our:fouryour
⑾awe:aweawedaweless
⑿oar:boardblackboardcardboard
⒀o:story
[ʊ]:⑴o:womanwolf
⑵oo:booklookgoodfoot
⑶oul:couldwouldshould
⑷u:putsugarfullpush
[u:]:⑴ew:flewgrewreviewJew
⑵o:dotowho
⑶oo:toozoofoodpoolbootschool
⑷ou:soupgroupthrough
⑸u:blueglueJune
⑹ui:fruitjuice
⑺oe:shoe
双元音:
[aɪ]:⑴i:timelikenicefinefive
⑵y:mybywhy
⑶i(g):signhighlightright
⑷ie:dielietie
[eɪ]:⑴a:namecakegameface
⑵ai:raintrainwait
⑶ay:daymayokayplaytoday
⑷ei:veilvein
⑸ei(gh):eighteighteeneighty
⑹ey:they
⑺ea:greatbreak
[ɔɪ]:⑴oi:oiltoiletboilsoil
⑵oy:boytoyemployee
[aʊ]:⑴ou:outabouthoublou
⑵ow:hownowcow
[əʊ]:⑴o:gononohome
⑵ow:showknowyellowwindow
⑶oa:goatboat
⑷ou:shoulderthough
⑸oe:woe
[ɪə]:⑴e:zerocerealrious
⑵ea:realreallyideacereal
⑶ere:here
⑷ear:eardearhearnearclear
⑸eer:beerdeerpioneer
[eə]:⑴air:airhairchair
⑵are:carehareparent
⑶ear:pearwearbear
⑷ere:therewhere
⑸eir:theirtheirs
⑹a:Mary
[ʊə]:⑴ure:sure
⑵oor:poor
⑶our:tour
辅音:
清辅成对辅音:
[p]-[b][t]-[d][k]-[g][f]-[v]
[s]-[z][θ]-[ð][ʃ]-[ʒ][ts]-[dz]
[tʃ]-[dʒ][tr]-[dr]
清音浊化:清辅音[p][t][k][tr]等在[s]后重读
时由送气音变为不完全送气音,即发其浊辅音
[b][d][g][dr],但音标仍写成清辅音。如:
sport[spɔ:t],student['stju:dənt],
sky[skaɪ],street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅
音仍读请辅音,不读相对的浊辅音。
如:hostess['həʊstɪs]。
[p]:⑴p:penmaphelpcheappencilpaper
⑵pp:applehappyappear
[b]:⑴b:bagbybedboybusblue
⑵bb:rabbitcabbage
[t]:⑴t:tentimenotgettable
⑵tt:bottlebottomlittlepretty
⑶ed:watchedwashedcookedhelped
danced
[d]:⑴d:deskdoordaydog
⑵dd:adddaddymiddle
⑶ed:playedcleanedclimbedanswered
arrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried
[k]:⑴c:catcomecutclockcrypicturebloc
⑵cc:occasionaccordingoccupy
acclaim
⑶ch:schoolChristmaschemistry
techniquetechnologystomach
⑷k:bookbikecakekiteKatelook
⑸ck:blackduckclockjacketcock
⑹q:Iraqcoq
⑺que:uniquetechnique
[g]:⑴g:gogirlbigget
⑵gg:eggbiggerbiggest
⑶gu:guess
⑷gue:dialogue
⑸gh:ghyllghost
[f]:⑴f:fivefishfinefamilyfifteen
⑵ph:photophoneelephantphotograph
⑶gh:laughenough
⑷ff:offcoffee
[v]:⑴v:veryfivehave
⑵f:of
[s]:⑴c:nicecitycycle
⑵s:sitsixsomebusuusdeskbooks
⑶ss:missclassglassgrass
⑷sc:sciencescene
⑸ps:psalmpsywar
[z]:⑴s:ishispleamusiclohusband
apples
⑵es:leavesthieveskniveswives
⑶z:zoozero
⑷zz:buzz
[θ]:th:threethankmonththin
[ð]:⑴th:thisthewiththan
⑵the:breathesoythe
[ʃ]:⑴sh:sheshoeshortshopwash
⑵s:sureAsia
⑶c:specialsufficientdelicious
⑷t:stationnationalpatient
⑸ss:Russiaprofession
⑹ch:machine
[ʒ]:⑴s:usuallytelevisionpleasure
⑵z:izure
⑶ge:garage
[ts]:⑴ts:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoats
⑵t’s:Let’s
⑶tes:kitesgatesdates
⑷zz:pizza
[dz]:⑴ds:bedsbirdshandsfriends
⑵des:decides
[tʃ]:⑴ch:chairmuchlunchChina
⑵tch:watch
⑶t:picturequestion
[dʒ]:⑴g(e):agepagehugeorange
⑵g:gentlegentlemangeneral
⑶dge:bridgeporridgejudge
⑷j:jumpjacketjustJuneJim
⑸ch:sandwich
[tr]:tr:treetriptrytruetruth
[dr]:dr:dressdrivehundredchildren
单个辅音:
[h]:⑴h:heherhavehandheadhair
⑵(w)h:whowhomwho
[l]:⑴l:letlookplealakepeople
⑵ll:tellfulltillbell
⑶(t)l(e):whistle
[r]:⑴r:redrightthree
⑵rr:sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot
⑶(w)r:writewrong
[m]:⑴m:manmeatmeettime
⑵mm:commoncommunicate
⑶m(b):climblamb
⑷m(n):autumn
[n]:⑴n:nameniceninenearunder
⑵(k)n:knowknife
⑶nn:Ann
⑷(m)n:mnemonics
[ŋ]:⑴ng:singlongyoungmorning
⑵n(k):thankthinkinkpink
⑶n(g):English
[w]:⑴w:wewindowworkwalk
⑵w(h):whatwhywherewhite
[j]:⑴y:yesyouyearyellow
⑵j:Jennjahallelujahjaap
⑶i:onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliant
behaviour
⑷e:Europe
国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系
—从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[eɪ]:namecakegameface
a在重读闭音节中读[æ]:bagamandatsad
a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]:classfastgraspaskfatherafterdance
graph
a在[w]后读[ɒ]或[ɔ:]:wantwhatwater[wɔ:tə]
a在ny前读[e]:anymany
a弱读时读[ə]:alongaboutbananaCananaChina
a在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:orangecabbage
a读[eə]:Mary
ai读[eɪ]:raintrainwait
ai读[ɪ]:captain
ai读[e]:said
ay读[eɪ]:daymayokayplaytoday
ay弱读读[ɪ]:Sundayholiday
ay读[e]:says
air读[eə]:airhairchair
al在多数辅音字母前读[ɔ:](f,m除外):allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalk
tallwall
al还读[ɔ:l](特别当后面不是k,f,m时):alsosalt
al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]:halfpalm
ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]::carfarparkarmstar
ar在[w]后读[ɔ:]:warmquarter
ar弱读读[ə]:sugar
are读[eə]:carehareparent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]:classglassgrasspass
au在重读音节中读[ɔ:]:Augustautumndaughter
au读[ɒ]:Australia
au还读作[ɑ:]:auntlaugh
aw在重读音节中读[ɔ:]:drawsawlaw
awe读[ɔ:]:aweawedaweless
Ⅱ.元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读[i:]:heshemewe
e在重读闭音节中读[e]:penbedyeggdesk
e在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:beginEnglishprettycinema
e弱读读[ə]:studentopenchildrendifferent
e读[ɪə]:zerocerealrious
e读[j]:Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:]:teaeatmeat
ea读[e]:breadheadbreakfast
ea读[eɪ]:greatbreak
ea读[ɪə]:realreallyideacereal
ear读[ɜ:]:learnearthearlyheard
ear读[eə]:pearwearbear
ear读[ɪə]:eardearhearnearclear
ear读[ɑ:]:heart
ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]([t]除外):watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外):playedcleanedclimbedanswered
arrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried
ed在[t][d]后读[ɪd]:wantedneeded
ee在重读音节中读[i:]:etreee
eer读[ɪə]:beerdeerpioneer
ei读[i:]:receive
ei读[eɪ]:veilvein
ei在gh前读[eɪ]:eighteighteeneighty
eir读[eə]:theirtheirs
eo读[i:]:people
er在重读闭音节中读[ɜ:]:herterm
er在非重读音节中读[ə]:fathermotherbrothersister
ere读[ɪə]:here
ere读[eə]:therewhere
es在浊辅音([ʃ][ʒ][dʒ]除外)及元音后,es发[z]:leaves
thieveskniveswives
potatoestomatoesheroesNegroesgoesdoesfamiliesstories
es在[s][z][ʃ][ʒ][tʃ][dʒ]后读[ɪz]:busblousdishes
garageswatches
oranges
ew读[ju:]:newnewspaperreview
ew在l,r,j后读[u:]:flewgrewJew
ex读[eks]:exerciexit
ex读[ɪks]:excleexpensiveextinct
ex读[ɪgz]:examexaminationexactly
ey读[i:]:key
ey读[ɪ]:monkeyvalley
ey读[eɪ]:they
Ⅲ.元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读[aɪ]:timelikerice
i在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]:bigsixsit
i读[i:]:policepolicemanpolicewomanmachine
i弱读读[ə]:holidayApril
i在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:taxi
i读[j]:onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviour
i在元音字母a,e,o前读[aɪ]:dialoguequietpioneer
i在g前读[aɪ]:signhighlightright
i在nd前读[aɪ]:findbehind
i在ld前读[aɪ]:child
i在re前读[aɪ]:firetiredretire
ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]:piecefieldbelievethief
ie在重读音节词词尾读[aɪ]:liedie
ir在重读音节中读[ɜ:]:birdgirlfirst
Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[əʊ]:gononohome
o在辅音字母st,ld前读[əʊ]:postold
o在重读闭音节中读[ɒ]:hotonnotsorry
o读[ɔ:]:story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[ʌ]:comenoneloveother
o读[u:]:dotowho
o在w后读[ʊ]:womanwolf
o在非重读音节中读[ə]:todaypoliceman
oa在重读音节中读[əʊ]:boatcoat
oar读[ɔ:]:boardblackboardcardboard
oar读[ə]:cupboard
oe读[əʊ]:woe
oe读[u:]:shoe
oi读[ɔɪ]:oiltoiletboilsoil
oo一般读[u:]:toozoofoodpoolbootschool
oo在d,k和少数t前读[ʊ]:booklookgoodfoot
oo读[ʌ]:bloodflood
oor读[ɔ:]:doorfloor
oor读[ʊə]:poor
or在重读音节中读[ɔ:]:orforshortsport
or在[w]后读[ɜ:]:workwordworld
or读[ə]:doctorforgetmirror
ore读[ɔ:]:morebefore
ou在多数情况下读[aʊ]:outabouthoublou
ou在ght前读[ɔ:]:boughtbroughtthought
ou读[ʌ]:touchcountryenoughyoung
ou读[u:]:soupgroupthrough
ou读[əʊ]:shoulderthough
ou读[ɒ]:cough
ou读[ə]:deliciousprevious
oul读[ʊ]:couldwouldshould
our读[ɔ:]:fouryour
our读[ɜ:]:journalistjournal
our读[ə]:colour
our读[ʊə]:tour
our读[aʊə]:ourhour
ow读[aʊ]:hownowcow
ow读[əʊ]:showknowyellowwindow
owe或ower读[aʊə]:towelflower
oy读[ɔɪ]:boytoyemployee
Ⅴ.元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读[ju:]:studentTuesday
u在重读闭音节中读[ʌ]:bussunbutcutupus
u处于开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]:JunefluencyFebruarySue
u在重读闭音节中还读[ʊ]:putsugarfullpush
u在非重读音节中读[ə]:minusautumn
u读[ɪ]:busyminute
u读[e]:bury
ui读[ju:]或[jʊɪ,ju:ɪ]:suitsuicide
l,r,j+ui时,ui读作[u:]或[ʊɪ,u:ɪ]:sluifruitjuicefluidruin
ui读[ɪ]:buildbuilding
ur在重读音节中读[ɜ:]:nurturnhurtThursday
ur读[ə]:surpriSaturday
ure读[ʊə]:sure
ure在非重读音节中读[ə]:picturepleasure
ure在重读音节中读[jʊə]:cure
Ⅵ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音
b读[b]:bagbybedboybusblue
bt,mb在词尾时,b不发音:debtclimbcomb
bb读[b]:rabbitcabbage
c在字母e,i,y前读[s]:nicecitycycle
应用:字母c后有e或i时,c发[s],为保持发音不变,而加k,后加ing变现
在分词,加ed变过去式和过去分词。高中阶段常见的几个词:picnic(野餐)、
mimic(模仿)、traffic(交易、买卖)、panic(使恐慌;使惊慌失措)
c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]:catcomecutclockcrypicturebloc
c+ia,ie,io时,c读[ʃ]:specialsufficientdelicious
cc+a,o,u或l时,cc读[k]:occasionaccordingoccupyacclaim
cc+e,i时,cc读[ks]:acceptaccident
ch读[tʃ]:chairmuchlunchChina
ch读[k]:schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomach
ch读[ʃ]:machine
ch读[dʒ]:sandwich
ck读[k]:blackduckclockjacketcock
d读[d]:deskdoordaydog
dd读[d]:adddaddymiddle
dge读[dʒ]:bridgeporridgejudge
dr读[dr]:dressdrivehundredchildren
ds读[dz]:bedsbirdshandsfriends
des读[dz]:decides
f读[f]:fivefishfinefamilyfifteen
f读[v]:of
ff读[f]:offcoffee
ften读[fən]:often
g读[g]:gogirlbigget
g在e前读[dʒ]:agepagehugeorange
g读[dʒ]:gentlegentlemangeneral
gg读[g]:eggbiggerbiggest
ge读[ʒ]:garage
gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音:righteightstraightboughtdaughter
gh读[f]:laughenough
gh在词首时,读[g]:ghyllghost
gn,gm在词尾时,g常无声:signphlegm
gu在词首读[g]:guess
gu在词中读[gw]:language
gue在词尾读[g]:dialogue
h读[h]:heherhavehandheadhair
h不发音:hour
wh读[w]:whatwhywherewhite
wh在o前读[h]:whowhomwho
gh在词首时,h不发音:ghyllghost
j读[dʒ]:jumpjacketjustJuneJim
j读[j]:Jennjahallelujahjaap
k读[k]:bookbikecakekiteKatelook
kn在词首时,k不发音:knowknife
l读[l]:letlookplealakepeople
ll读[l]:tellfulltillbell
m读[m]:manmeatmeettime
mb在词尾时,读[m],b常无声:climbcomb
mm读[m]:common
mn在词首读[n]:mnemonics
mn在词中时,读[mn]:columnist
mn在词尾时,n常无声:autumncolumn
n读[n]:nameniceninenearunder
n在[k][g]前读[ŋ]:pinkEnglish
n在k后读[n]:knowknife
n在m后读[n]:mnemonics
nn读[n]:Ann
ng在词尾读[ŋ]:singlongyoungmorning
ng在词中读[ŋg]:Englishfinger
nk读[ŋk]:thankthinkinkpink
p读[p]:penmaphelpcheappencilpaper
pp读[p]:applehappyappear
ph读[f]:photophoneelephantphotograph
ps在词首时,p常不发音:psalmpsywar
q读[k]:Iraqcoq
qu在词首读[kw]:queenquick
que在词尾读[k]:uniquetechnique
r读[r]:redrightthree
rr读[r]:sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot
wr读[r]:writewrong
s在词首读[s]:sitsixsome
s在清辅音后读[s]:bookslikes
s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]:appleswindows
s读[z](尤其是在两个元音字母之间):hisispleamusic
元音字母+s+无音e:①n.,adj.读[s]:bau
②v.读[z]:lou
词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时,s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时,s读[z]:desk
husband
s读[ʃ]:sureAsia
s读[ʒ]:usuallytelevisionpleasure
sion读[ʒən]:televisiondecision
sten读[sən]:listen
stle读[stl]:whistle
sure读[ʒə]:pleasure
sc+i,e,y读[s]:sciencescenescythe
sc+a,o,u读[sk]:scarfscorescud
ss读[s]:missclassglassgrass
ss读[ʃ]:Russiaprofession
ssion读[ʃən]:expression
sh读[ʃ]:sheshoeshortshopwash
t读[t]:tentimenotgettable
t读[tʃ]:picturequestion
tch读[tʃ]:watch
t+ia,ie时,t读[ʃ]:martialpatient
sten,ften,stle中,t无声:listenoftenwhistle
tes读[ts]:kitesgatesdates
tt读[t]:bottlebottomlittlepretty
tion读[ʃən]:stationnationalpatient
[s]+tion时读[tʃən]:question
th读[θ]:threethankmonththin
th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[ð]:thisthewiththan
词尾the读[ð]:breathesoythe
词尾ther读[ðə]:fathermotherbrothersister
tr读[tr]:treetriptrytruetruth
ts读[ts]:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoats
t’s读[ts]:Let’s
ture读[tʃə]:picture
v读[v]:veryfivehave
w读[w]:wewindowworkwalk
w不发音:two
wh读[w]:whatwhywherewhite
wh在o前读[h]:whowhomwho
wr在词首读[r],w无声:writewrong
x读[ks]:boxsixexcunext
x读[gz]:examexactexample
y在重读开音节中读[aɪ]:mybywhy
y在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]:cityverysorry
y在词首读[j]:yesyouyearyellow
yr读[ɜ:]:myrtle
yr读[aɪə]:martyrsatyr
yre读[ə]:tyrebyre
z读[z]:zoozero
z读[ʒ]:izure
zz读[z]:buzz
zz读[ts]:pizza
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