budgetary

1

经济金融术语汉英对照表

A

安全网safetynet

按可比口径oncomparablebasis

按轻重缓急toprioritize

暗补implicitsubsidy

暗亏hiddenloss

B

颁发营业执照tolicen;tograntalicenceto

办理存款业务totakedeposits

保护农民的生产积极性toprotect

farmers'incentivetoproduce

备付金（超额准备金）excessrerves

本外币并账consolidationofdomesticand

foreigncurrencyaccounts

本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation

本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism

奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecome

well-to-do

避税（请见“逃税”）taxavoidance

币种搭配不当currencymismatch

币种构成currencycomposition

变相社会集资disguidirregular（orillegal）

fundraising

表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheetitems

（operation）

薄弱环节weakness;loopholes

不变成本fixedcost

不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms

不动产realestate

不良贷款（资产）problemloans；

non-performingloans（asts）

C

财务公司financecompanies

财政赤字fiscaldeficit

财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank

（overmonetarypolicy）

财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationof

fiscalandmonetarypolicies

采取循序渐进的方法inaphadand

quencedmanner

操作弹性operationalflexibility

操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate

产品构成productcomposition;productmix

产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory

产销率currentperiodinventory;（即期库存，

不含前期库存）sales/outputratio

产销衔接marketability

产业政策industrialpolicy

长期国债treasurybonds

敞口头寸openposition

炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket

承购包销underwrite（curities）

成套机电产品completetsof

equipment;completeplant（s）

城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）

城市合作银行urbancooperative

banks;municipalunitedbanks

城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks

城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowth

inhouholdincome

持续升温persistentoverheating

重复布点duplicateprojects

重置成本replacementcost

重组计划restructuringplan

筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels

初见成效initialsuccess

2

出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationof

exports

出口退税exporttaxrebate

储蓄存款houholddeposits（不完全等同于西

方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后

者不包括。）

储蓄分流diversionofhouholddeposits

储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityof

houholdsavings

传导机制transmissionmechanism

从价税advaloremtax

从紧控制tightcontrol

存贷款比例loan/depositratio

存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem

存款货币银行depositmoneybanks

存款准备金requiredrerves

D

打白条issueIOU

大额存单certificateofdeposit（CD）

大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts

大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline

大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-bank

system

呆账（请见“坏账”）badloans

呆账准备金loanlossrerves（provisions）

呆滞贷款idleloans

贷款沉淀non-performingloans

贷款分类loanclassification

贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimpocredit

ceiling

贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary（constraint）

mechanism

代理国库toactasfiscalagent

代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfof

otherinstitutions

戴帽贷款ear-markedloans

倒逼机制reverdtransmissionofthe

pressureforeasingmonetarycondition

道德风险moralhazard

地区差别regionaldisparity

第一产业theprimaryindustry

第二产业thecondaryindustry

第三产业therviceindustry;thetertiary

industry

递延资产deferrableasts

订货不足insufficientorders

定期存款timedeposits

定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources

东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry

独立核算independentaccounting

短期国债treasurybills

对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging

对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financial

ctor

多种所有制形式diversifiedownership

E

恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation

二级市场condarymarket

F

发行货币toissuecurrency

发行总股本totalstockissue

法定准备金requiredrerves;rerve

requirement

法人股institutionalshares

法人股东institutionalshareholders

法治ruleoflaw

房地产投资realestateinvestment

3

放松银根toeamonetarypolicy

非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（or

monitoring）

非银行金融机构non-bankfinancial

institutions

非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations

分税制assignmentofcentralandlocal

taxes;taxassignmentsystem

分业经营gregationoffinancialbusiness

（rvices）;divisionofbusinessscopebad

onthetypeoffinancialinstitutions

风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure

风险管理riskmanagement

风险意识riskawareness

风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios

风险资本标准risk-badcapitalstandard

服务事业收入publicrvicecharges;ur's

charges

扶贫povertyalleviation

负增长negativegrowth

复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capital

andcurrentbudgetaryaccount

G

改革试点reformexperimentation

杠杆率leverageratio

杠杆收购leveragedbuyout

高息集资toraifundsbyofferinghigh

interest

个人股non-institutionalshares

根本扭转fundamentalturnaround（or

reversal）

公开市场操作openmarketoperations

公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonal

accounts

公用事业publicutilities

公有经济thestate-ownedctor;thepublic

ctor

公有制publicownership

工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio

工业增加值industrialvalueadded

供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessive

supply

鼓励措施incentives

股份合作企业joint-equitycooperative

enterpris

股份制企业joint-equityenterpris

股份制银行joint-equitybanks

固定资产贷款fixedastloans

关税减免tariffreductionandexemption

关税减让tariffconcessions

关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtariff

treatment

规范行为toregularize（or

standardize）…behavior

规模效益economiesofscale

国计民生nationalinterestandpeople's

livelihood

国家对个人其他支出othergovernment

outlaystoindividuals

国家风险countryrisk

国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor

国际收支balanceofpayments

国有独资商业银行whollystate-owned

commercialbanks

国有经济（部门）thestate-owned（orpublic）

ctor

国有企业state-ownedenterpris（SOEs）

国有制state-ownership

国有资产流失erosionofstateasts

4

国债回购governmentcuritiesrepurcha

国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersof

governmentcurities

过度竞争excessivecompetition

过度膨胀excessiveexpansion

过热迹象signsofoverheating

H

合理预期rationalexpectation

核心资本corecapital

合资企业joint-ventureenterpris

红利dividend

宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomic

performance

宏观经济基本状况macroeconomic

fundamentals

宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement（or

adjustment）

宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives（or

targets）

坏账baddebt

还本付息debtrvice

换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycost

ofexportearnings

汇兑在途fundsinfloat

汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittanceby

thebeneficiary'sbank

汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates

活期存款demanddeposits

汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment

混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership

货币政策态势monetarypolicystance

货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers

J

基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure

基本经济要素economicfundamentals

基本适度broadlyappropriate

基准利率benchmarkinterestrate

机关团体存款depositsofnon-profit

institutions

机会成本opportunitycost

激励机制incentivemechanism

积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory

挤提存款runonbanks

挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）

resources（fromdesignatedus）

技改投资investmentintechnological

upgrading

技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct

计划单列市municipalitieswithindependent

planningstatus

计划经济plannedeconomy

集体经济thecollectivector

加大结构调整力度tointensifystructural

adjustment

加工贸易processingtrade

加快态势acceleratingtrend

加强税收征管稽查toenhancetax

administration

加权价weightedaverageprice

价格放开priceliberalization

价格形成机制pricingmechanism

减亏toreduceloss

简化手续tocutredtape;tosimplify

（streamline）procedures

交投活跃brisktrading

缴存准备金todepositrequiredrerves

结构扭曲structuraldistortion

结构失调structuralimbalance

结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance

5

结构优化structuralimprovement

（optimization）

结汇、售汇saleandpurchaofforeign

exchange

金融脆弱financialfragility

金融动荡financialturbulence

金融风波financialdisturbance

金融恐慌financialpanic

金融危机financialcrisis

金融压抑financialrepression

金融衍生物financialderivatives

金融诈骗financialfraud

紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy

紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancial

policies

经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility

经济特区specialeconomiczones（SEZs）

经济体制改革economicreform

经济增长方式的转变changeinthemain

sourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestment

expansiontoefficiencygains）

经济增长减速economic

slowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth

经济制裁economicsanction

经营自主权autonomyinmanagement

景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity

境外投资overasinvestment

竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition

局部性金融风波localized（isolated）financial

disturbance

K

开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness

可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainable

economicgrowth

可变成本variablecost

可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency

控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance

扣除物价因素inrealterms;on

inflation-adjustedbasis

库存产品inventory

跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking

跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement

会计准则accountingstandard

L

来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsfor

export

离岸银行业务off-shorebanking（business）

理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntrade

regime

利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestrates

inresourceallocation

利润驱动profit-driven

利息回收率interestcollectionratio

联行清算inter-bankttlement

连锁企业franchi（business）;chain

business

良性循环virtuouscycle

两极分化growingincome

disparity;polarizationinincomedistribution

零售物价指数retailpriceindex（RPI）

流动性比例liquidityratio

流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquid

asts

流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans

流通体制distributionsystem

流通网络distributionnetwork

留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hire

6

purcha

垄断行业monopolizedindustry（ctor）

乱集资irregular（illegal）fundraising

乱收费irregular（illegal）charges

乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）levies

M

买方市场buyer'smarket

卖方市场ller'smarket

卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo

贸易差额tradebalance

民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit

免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirst

twoyearsofmakingprofitand50%tax

reductionforthefollowingthreeyears

明补explicitsubsidy

明亏explicitloss

名牌产品brandproducts

母国（请见“东道国”）homecountry

N

内部控制internalcontrol

内部审计internalaudit

内地与香港themainlandandHongKong

内债domesticdebt

扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriinto

aprofitableone

扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancial

resources

农副产品采购支出outlaysforagricultural

procurement

农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）

P

泡沫效应bubbleeffect

泡沫经济bubbleeconomy

培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesof

economicgrowth

片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth

平衡发展balanceddevelopment

瓶颈制约bottleneck（constraints）

平稳回升steadyrecovery

铺底流动资金initial（start-up）workingcapital

普遍回升broad-badrecovery

配套改革concomitant（supporting）reforms

配套人民币资金localcurrencyfundingof…

Q

企业办社会enterprisburdenedwithsocial

responsibilities

企业集团战略corporategroupstrategy

企业兼并重组companymergerand

restructuring

企业领导班子enterprimanagement

企业所得税enterpri（corporate）incometax

企业效益corporateprofitability

企业资金违规流入股市irregularflowof

enterprifundsintothestockmarket

欠税taxarrears

欠息overdueinterest

强化税收征管tostrengthentax

administration

强制措施enforcementaction

翘尾因素carryovereffect

切一刀partialapplication

清理收回贷款cleanupandrecoverloans

（破产）清算liquidation

倾斜政策preferentialpolicy

区别对待differentialtreatment

7

趋势加强intensifyingtrend

全球化globalization

权益回报率returnsonequity（ROE）

缺乏后劲unsustainablemomentum

R

绕规模贷款tocircumventcreditceiling

人均国内生产总值percapitaGDP

人均收入percapitaincome

人民币升值压力upwardpressureonthe

Renminbi（exchangerate）

认缴资本subscribedcapital

软贷款softloans

软预算约束softbudgetconstraint

软着陆softlanding

S

三角债chaindebts;inter-enterpriarrears

善政廉政goodgovernance

商业贷款commercialloans

上市公司（publicly）listedcorporations

设备利用capacityutilization

社会保障socialsafetynet;socialcurity

（insurance）

深层次矛盾deep-rootedstructuralimbalance

审批金融机构tolicenfinancialinstitutions

审慎监管prudentialsupervision

生产能力闲置unutilizedcapacity

生息资产interest-bearingasts

实际利用外资disburmentofforeign

capital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment

实际有效汇率realeffectiveexchangerate

实时realtime

实收资本paid-incapital

实现利润realizedprofit

市场分割marketgmentation

市场经济marketeconomy

市场占有率（市场份额）marketshare

市场准入marketaccess（指商品和劳务的进

入）；marketentry（指机构的审批）

市价总值marketcapitalization

适度从紧appropriatelytight

适时调节timelyadjustment

收回对金融机构贷款torecallcentralbank

loans（tofinancialinstitutions）

税后还贷amortization（repaymentofloans）

aftertax

税收流失taxerosion

税源不足weaktaxba

私营经济（私人经济）theprivatector

私有制privateownership

所有者权益owner'quity

T

逃税（请见“避税”）taxevasion

套汇（1）指合法：currencyswap;arbitrage（2）

指非法：illegalpurchaofforeignexchange

剔除季节性因素asonallyadjusted

调节流动性toinfluenceliquiditylevel

贴现窗口discountwindow

同比onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesame

periodofthepreviousyear

同业拆借（放）inter-bankborrowing（lending）

同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHIBOR（China

inter-bankofferedrate）

同业融通票据inter-bankfinancingbills

同业往来inter-banktransactions

透支overdraft

退税taxrefund（rebate）

8

头寸position

吞吐基础货币adjustmentofmonetaryba

脱媒现象disintermediation

W

外部审计externalaudit

外国直接投资foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）

外汇储备foreignexchangererves

外汇调剂foreignexchangeswap

外汇占款theRMBcounterpartofforeign

exchangererves;theRMBequivalentof

offcialforeignexchangeholdings

外向型经济export-orientedeconomy

外债externaldebt

外资企业foreign-fundedenterpris

完善现代企业制度toimprovethemodern

enterprisystem

完税凭证taxpaymentdocumentation

违法经营illegalbusiness

委托存款entrusteddeposits

稳步增长steadygrowth

稳健的银行系统asoundbankingsystem

稳中求进tomakeprogresswhileensuring

stability

无纸交易book-entry（orpaperless/scriptless）

transaction

物价监测pricemonitoring

X

吸纳流动性toabsorbliquidity

稀缺经济scarcityeconomy

洗钱moneylaundering

系统内调度fundallocationwithinabank

系统性金融危机systemicfinancialcrisis

下岗工人laid-offemployees

下游企业down-streamenterpris

现场稽核on-siteexamination

现金滞留（居民手中）cashheldoutsidethe

bankingsystem

乡镇企业townshipandvillageenterpris

（TVEs）

消费物价指数consumerpriceindex（CPI）

消费税exci（consumption）tax

消灭财政赤字tobalancethebudget;to

eliminatefiscaldeficit

销货款回笼reflowofcorporatesalesincome

tothebankingsystem

销售平淡lacklustersales

协议外资金额committedamountofforeign

investment

新经济增长点newsourcesofeconomic

growth

新开工项目newprojects;newlystarted

projects

新增贷款incrementalcredit;loanincrement;

creditgrowth;creditexpansion

新增就业位置newjobs;newjobopportunities

信贷规模考核reviewthecompliancewith

creditceilings

信号失真distortedsignals

信托投资公司trustandinvestmentcompanies

信息不对称informationasymmetry

信息反馈feedback（information）

信息共享系统informationsharingsystem

信息披露informationdisclosure

信用扩张credirexpansion

信用评级creditrating

姓“资”还是姓“社”pertainingtosocialismor

capitalism;socialistorcaptialist

行政措施administrativemeasures

9

需求膨胀demandexpansion;excessive

demand

虚伪存款window-dressingdeposits

削减冗员toshedexcesslaborforce

寻租renteking

迅速反弹quickrebound

Y

养老基金pensionfund

一刀切universalapplication;non-discretionary

implementation

一级市场primarymarket

应收未收利息overdueinterest

银行网点bankingoutlets

赢利能力profitability

营业税businesstax

硬贷款（商业贷款）commercialloans

用地审批tograntlanduright

有管理的浮动汇率managedfloating

exchangerate

证券投资portfolioinvestment

游资（热钱）hotmoney

有市场的产品marketableproducts

有效供给effectivesupply

诱发新一轮经济扩张triggeranewroundof

economicexpansion

逾期贷款overdueloans;past-dueloans

与国际惯例接轨tobecomecompatiblewith

internationallyaccepted

与国际市场接轨tointegratewiththeworld

market

预算外支出（收入）off-budget

（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）

预调pre-emptiveadjustment

月环比onamonth-on-monthbasis;ona

monthlybasis

Z

再贷款centralbanklending

在国际金融机构储备头寸rervepositionin

internationalfinancialinstitutions

在人行存款depositsat（with）thecentral

bank

在途资金fundinfloat

增加农业投入toincreainvestmentin

agriculture

增势减缓decelerationofgrowth;moderation

ofgrowthmomentum

增收节支措施revenue-enhancingand

expenditurecontrolmeasures

增长平稳steadygrowth

增值税value-addedtax（VAT）

涨幅偏高higher-than-desirablegrowth

rate;excessivegrowth

账外账concealedaccounts

折旧depreciation

整顿retrenchment;consolidation

政策工具policyinstrument

政策性业务policy-relatedoperations

政策性银行policybanks

政策组合policymix

政府干预governmentintervention

证券交易清算ttlementofcurities

transactions

证券业务占款fundingofcuritiespurcha

支付困难paymentdifficulty

支付能力paymentcapacity

直接调控方式向toincreatherelianceon

10

indirectpolicyinstruments

间接调控方式转变职能转换transformationof

functions

职业道德professionalethics

指令性措施mandatorymeasures

指令性计划mandatoryplan;administered

plan

制定和实施货币政策toconductmonetary

policy;toformulateandimplementmonetary

policy

滞后影响laggedeffect

中介机构intermediaries

中央与地方财政delineationoffiscal

responsibilities

分灶吃饭重点建设keyconstruction

projects;keyinvestmentproject

周期谷底bottom（trough）ofbusinesscycle

周转速度velocity

主办银行mainbank

主权风险sovereignrisk

注册资本registeredcapital

逐步到位tophain;phadimplementation

逐步取消tophaout

抓大放小toizethebigandfreethesmall

（tomaintainclooversightonthelarge

state-ownedenterprisandsubjectsmaller

onestomarketcompetition）

专款专用uoffundsaar-marked

转贷on-lending

转轨经济transitioneconomy

转机turnaround

转折关头turningpoint

准财政赤字quasi-fiscaldeficit

准货币quasi-money

资本不足under-capitalized

资本充足率capitaladequacyratio

资本利润率returnoncapital

资本账户可兑换capitalaccountconvertibility

资不抵债insolvent;insolvency

资产负债表balancesheet

资产负债率liability/astratio;ratioof

liabilitiestoasts

资产集中astconcentration

资产贡献率astcontributionfactor

资产利润率returnonasts（ROA）

资产质量astquality

资产组合astportfolio

资金成本costoffunding;costof

capital;financingcost

资金到位fullyfunded（project）

资金宽裕tohavesufficientfunds

资金利用率fundutilizationrate

资金缺口financinggap

资金体外循环financialdisintermediation

资金占压fundstiedup

自筹投资项目lf-financedprojects

自有资金equityfund

综合国力overallnationalstrength（often

measuredbyGDP）

综合效益指标overallefficiencyindicator

综合治理comprehensiveadjustment

（retrenchment）;over-haul

总成交额totalcontractvalue

总交易量totalamountoftransactions

总成本totalcost

最后贷款人lenderoflastresort