虚拟语气倒装

更新时间:2022-11-22 21:40:24 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月22日发(作者:2013年高考题目)

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语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型

虚拟语气

虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气,它不表示客

观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法

常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如:

LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!中华人民共和国万岁!

behappy!快乐!

haveagoodtime!玩得愉快!

succeed!成功!

makeprogress!进步!

二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法:

1.在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法

1)表示与现在事实相反

条件从句主句

一般过去时(be多用于were)would/should/could/might+动词原形

例如:IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.

如果我是你,我会接受邀请的。

IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.

如果我有空,我就去那儿。

2)与过去事实相反

条件从句主句

过去完成时would/should/could/might+havedone

例如:Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnt/wouldnthavemisdthebus.

如果你早点来,你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

Ifhehadenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.

如果他昨天见到了你,他就会还你的书的。

3)与将来事实可能相反

条件从句主句

一般过去时(be多用were)

shoulddo,weretodo

would/should/could/might+动词原形

例如:Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbe

putoff.万一明天下雨,运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)

Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglass,itwouldbreak.

万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4)if的省略

如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词,可将if省略,而把were,had或should

置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如:Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff./Hadheen

youyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.

5)条件句或主句的省略

当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候,表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略,以避免

重复。

例如:——Whydidntyouattendthepartyyesterday?

——Iwould/shouldhave,butIwastoobusythen.

Mayyou祝你

2

Iwassurpridthatyoudidnldhavedoneitbetter.(后面省略

了ifyouhadlikedit.)

6)混合时间条件句与主句

条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差,应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。

例如:Iftheteacherhadntbeenillyesterday,whocouldgiveusalecturenow?/Ifyouhad

reviewedthelesson,youwouldanswerthequestionnow.

7)含蓄条件句与主句

即用without(=butfor),or(el)代替if从句。

例如:Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.

=Ifhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.

2.在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中用法:

在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例

如:

Themanspeaksasifhewereaforeigner./Thespeakertoldusalotaboutthatcountryas

thoughhehadbeentheremanytimes./Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.

注:asif/asthough从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大,就要用正常

时态来描绘。例如:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起来象要下雨。(下雨的可能性很大。)

3.在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法:

1)在wish后的宾语从句中的用法:

A.与过去事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“haddone”形式。例如:IwishIhadpasdyesterdays

exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。

B.与现在事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如:Hewisheshewasascleverasyou./I

wishIhadalargeroomtolivein.

C.表示将来愿望:宾从谓语用“would/coulddo”形式。例如:HowIwishIwouldgoabroadnext

year!

2)在suggest,propo,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语为

“(should)do”形式。例如:Isuggest/propo/demand/request/require/order/

insistthathe(should)benttothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible.

3)在“Itis(about/high)time+that从句”结构中,that从句的谓语用一般过去

时或“shoulddo”形式。例如:Itishightimehe他该开始了。

4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法:在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,

advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语用“(should)do”形式。例如:

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)ndafewcomradestohelptheothergroups./Hegave

anorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.

虚拟语气考点分析

1.——Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?

——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)

析:此题A、D明显不合上下文,因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立,可以理解为Iwould

havecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoing

to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的,但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

therehadntbeen

wehadntgot

started.

shouldstart.

3

2.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)

e

析:观察题干,可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。

3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)

bey

析:根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律,可定正确答案是B。

4.IwishI_____youyesterday.

e

析:此题表与过去事实相反的原望,答案应为C。

5.——Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.

——Luckilyhewasnttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET)

ned;nwarned;wouldnothavetaken

warned;avebeenwarned;hadnottaken

析:从对话看,是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为B。

telectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)

e

析:without引出一个含蓄条件句,主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为D。

7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)

nbroken

析;放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的,但实际上并非如此,因此是与现在的事实相反,这时asif从句

谓语要用一般过去时,故答案为C。

8.Youdidn_____inturn,you_____sotired.(NMET)

;didn;wouldntget

iving;wouldnven;wouldnthavegot

析:观察题干,可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设,因此答案只能是D。

9.Ididn_____,hewouldhavesaidhelloto

me.

e

析:观察题目上下文,特别是第二句的主句谓语为wouldhavesaid,可知if从句表述的是与过去事

实相反的愿望,因此答案为B。

10._____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.

;;;;be

析:根据主句谓语形式,可知从句要用haddone形式,故应选A,Haditnotbeenforyourhelp

=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp.(要不是你帮忙的话)

11.MrSmithwasbadlyill,orhe_____ourdinnerparty.

aveattended

haveattended

析:or可引导含蓄条件句,表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容,可知是与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为

B。

倒装句型

英语的倒装有两大类型:

一、全部倒装:指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装,有下列几种情况:

1.here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。

例如:

Hereisaletterforyou./Theregoesthelasttrain./Thedooropened,andincameMr

Smith./Awaywenttheboy./Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas./Backcametheothers./Out

rushedtheboywithanappleinhishand./Thencameanoilikethunder./Nowcomesthebus.

2.介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首,引起全部倒装。例如:

Inthecorneroftheroomstandsawriting-table./Southofthecityliesabigfactory./Under

thebedliesacat./Intheoceanslivehugenumbersofasmallfish5cmlong.

4

注:以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词,谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词,如

lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,ri,walk,run等,主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列,则

不用完全倒装。例如:

Hereitrainsaloteverymonthoftheyear./Hereweare!/Offyougo!/Thenshewenttothe

shop.

3.在therebe结构中,采用全部倒装语序。例如:

Thereisabookinthebag.

表系主语

4.代词such作表语,意“这样的人”“这样的物”,应置于句首,其后全部倒装。例如:

Suchwerethefacts./Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.

二、部分倒装:指部分谓语(如助动词、情态动词)位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情

况:

1.一般疑问句,选择疑问句,反意问句要求部分倒装。例如:Hashefinishedhiswork?/Its

alovelyday,isntit?

2.特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如:

Whendidyougothere?/Whichdoyoulikebest?

3.only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句,并置于句首时,主句中要部分倒装。例如:

Onlywhentherainstoppeddidthematchstartagain.

注:“only+名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如:

Onlyhecandoit.(正)Onlycanhedoit.(误)

4.含有否定意义的副词,如:not,never,neither,nor,ldom,hardly,little等置于句

首时,要求部分倒装。例如:

HardlycanIbelievethat./NeverhashebeentotheGreatWall./Seldomdoesshe

writetome.

5.notonly…but(also)…连接两个分句,notonly置于句首,它所引导的这部分要部

分倒装,但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如;

Notonlyshouldwestudyscience,butalsoweshouldpayattentiontopolitics.

注:若notonly…but(also)…连接两个主语,句子不要倒装。

6.notuntil引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时,主句中要求部分倒装。例如:

Notuntilhewastendidhegotoschool./NotuntilyesterdaydidIrealizewhattroublehe

wasin.

7.hardly…when…;nosooner…than…句型中,若hardly,nosooner位于句首时,主句

中要求部分倒装。例如:

HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang./Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalk

thanhewassurrounded(包围)bytheworkers.

8.so表“也”、“同样”意,位于句首时,其后要部分倒装。例如:

Youcanswim,socanI./Ifyougo,sowillI.

倒装语序考点分析

1.Notonly_____pollutedbut_____crowded.(上海高考)

city;ywas;thestreetswere

city;ywas;werethestreets

析:notonly部分要部分倒装,可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装,故C为正确答案。

2.Little_____abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimlf.

(上海高考)

A.d

析:否定意义的Little在句首,该句要倒装,故答案在A、B之中选择一个,因A的时

态不对,故答案为B。

3.Onlyinthisway_____progessinyourEnglish.(NMET)

uabletocome

5

析:Only修饰inthisway置于句首,句子要部分倒装,故答案为B。

4.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howriousthepollutionwas.(NMET)

lagersrealized

tthevillagersrealize

析:由于Notuntil在句首,主句要采用部分倒装,这样先可排除B、C,又由于D不

应该用didnt,故A为正确答案。

5.Bequick!_____

herecomes

mesthebus

析:用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中,所以此题答案为D。(=Thebusiscoming

here.)

6.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.(NMET)

g

析:由于介词短语onthewall位于句首,全句要采用完全倒装式,因为主语是复数,所以正确答案

为B。

虚拟语气、倒装句型专练

_____aboutwhatothersthink.

care

2._____gotintotheroom_____thetelephonerang.(NMET)

lyhad;hadhe;when

ot;he;when

practisingafewhourveryday_____beabletomasterthelanguage.

(上海高考)

A.u

_____himyesterdayI_____himaboutit.

;n;wouldhaveasked

n;;wouldhaveasked

youthinkwouldhappenifthere_____nolightduringthedays?

e

6._____yousucceedineverythingand_____youbehealthy.

;;;;hope

yourhelp,I_____theplace.

tfound

awyer_____herelastSunday,he_____herfromgoing.

n;n;wouldprevent

;;wouldhaveprevented

dnotbeenfortheliberation,nochanges_____placeinmyhometown.

taken

10._____latetommorrow,whowouldtakeherplace?

Greenwouldcome

Greencomes

11._____it_____,thecrops_____besaved.

;rained;;rain;would

;rains;;rain;should

ctsasifhe_____ayoungman.

sasifit____alreadysummernow.

n

_____himthedaybeforeyesterday.

ing

6

hesuggestionthatthey_____theplantheyhadmade.

edon

ggestedthatastudyplan_____rightnow.

nmade

quiredthatwe_____themgetinthecrops.

elp

uldhaveattendedtheclass,butshe_____.

t

rderedthatnosmoking_____inthelibrary,whichmadethesmokersunhappy.

notbeallowed

e_____hisviewoflife.

tlemanmentioned

egentlemanmention

un_____agroupofyoungsoldiers,guninhand.

22.——Youforgottohandinyourhomeworkyesterday.

——Goodheavens!_____.Hereyouare.

,ave

23._____withhisslippersonwhenheheardtheterriblenoi.

ushed

er_____finishedthecomposition_____thelightwentout.

;;;;than

otuntil_____topreparehislessons.

fathercomeinthattheboybegan

hercameinthattheboybegan

fathercomeindidtheboybegin

hercameindidtheboybegin

26._____,soyouarenotafriendofmine.

eforeIhaveenyou

adIenyoubefore

27.——Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.

——_____,and_____.(上海高考)

s;s;sohaveyou

e;e;soyouhave

_____tilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.

lputoff

29.——Haveyouwrittentheletters?

——No,_____timetodoanyotherworkyet.

adhardly

yhavehad

30._____getsuchapairofshoesformyson?

hinkwherecanI

oyouthinkIcan

_____thattheenemyweregone.

ethenews

32.——Whatabeautifulbridge,_____?

——Yes,_____?

tit;isn;tit;;itisnt

hepath_____,onwhich_____“KeepofftheGrass”.

omesigns;omesigns;wrote

gnsstood;gnsstood;wrote

7

ataxisothathe_____thereintime.

get

35.IdratherTom_____tomorrow.

me

outtimeyou____themedicine,sir.

ake

e_____noelectricityinthefuture,ourlife_____changealot.

;;be;e;would

ttheCommunistPartythere____NewChina.

a

_____alotofdeerintheforest.

ace_____likeahugewater-coveredglobe(球体).

oktheearth

eearthlook

虚拟语气、倒装句型答案

1-5DBDBC6-10CCAAA11-15BDACA

16-20CACCA21-25DADDB26-30CBACD

31-35BAACC36-40BCCBC

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