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语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气,它不表示客
观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法
常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如:
LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!中华人民共和国万岁!
behappy!快乐!
haveagoodtime!玩得愉快!
succeed!成功!
makeprogress!进步!
二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法:
1.在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法
1)表示与现在事实相反
条件从句主句
一般过去时(be多用于were)would/should/could/might+动词原形
例如:IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.
如果我是你,我会接受邀请的。
IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.
如果我有空,我就去那儿。
2)与过去事实相反
条件从句主句
过去完成时would/should/could/might+havedone
例如:Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnt/wouldnthavemisdthebus.
如果你早点来,你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
Ifhehadenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.
如果他昨天见到了你,他就会还你的书的。
3)与将来事实可能相反
条件从句主句
一般过去时(be多用were)
shoulddo,weretodo
would/should/could/might+动词原形
例如:Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbe
putoff.万一明天下雨,运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglass,itwouldbreak.
万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4)if的省略
如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词,可将if省略,而把were,had或should
置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如:Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff./Hadheen
youyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.
5)条件句或主句的省略
当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候,表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略,以避免
重复。
例如:——Whydidntyouattendthepartyyesterday?
——Iwould/shouldhave,butIwastoobusythen.
Mayyou祝你
2
Iwassurpridthatyoudidnldhavedoneitbetter.(后面省略
了ifyouhadlikedit.)
6)混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差,应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
例如:Iftheteacherhadntbeenillyesterday,whocouldgiveusalecturenow?/Ifyouhad
reviewedthelesson,youwouldanswerthequestionnow.
7)含蓄条件句与主句
即用without(=butfor),or(el)代替if从句。
例如:Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.
=Ifhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.
2.在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中用法:
在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例
如:
Themanspeaksasifhewereaforeigner./Thespeakertoldusalotaboutthatcountryas
thoughhehadbeentheremanytimes./Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.
注:asif/asthough从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大,就要用正常
时态来描绘。例如:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起来象要下雨。(下雨的可能性很大。)
3.在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法:
1)在wish后的宾语从句中的用法:
A.与过去事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“haddone”形式。例如:IwishIhadpasdyesterdays
exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。
B.与现在事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如:Hewisheshewasascleverasyou./I
wishIhadalargeroomtolivein.
C.表示将来愿望:宾从谓语用“would/coulddo”形式。例如:HowIwishIwouldgoabroadnext
year!
2)在suggest,propo,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语为
“(should)do”形式。例如:Isuggest/propo/demand/request/require/order/
insistthathe(should)benttothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible.
3)在“Itis(about/high)time+that从句”结构中,that从句的谓语用一般过去
时或“shoulddo”形式。例如:Itishightimehe他该开始了。
4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法:在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,
advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语用“(should)do”形式。例如:
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)ndafewcomradestohelptheothergroups./Hegave
anorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.
虚拟语气考点分析
1.——Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?
——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)
析:此题A、D明显不合上下文,因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立,可以理解为Iwould
havecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoing
to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的,但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
therehadntbeen
wehadntgot
started.
shouldstart.
3
2.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)
e
析:观察题干,可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。
3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)
bey
析:根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律,可定正确答案是B。
4.IwishI_____youyesterday.
e
析:此题表与过去事实相反的原望,答案应为C。
5.——Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.
——Luckilyhewasnttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET)
ned;nwarned;wouldnothavetaken
warned;avebeenwarned;hadnottaken
析:从对话看,是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为B。
telectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)
e
析:without引出一个含蓄条件句,主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为D。
7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)
nbroken
析;放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的,但实际上并非如此,因此是与现在的事实相反,这时asif从句
谓语要用一般过去时,故答案为C。
8.Youdidn_____inturn,you_____sotired.(NMET)
;didn;wouldntget
iving;wouldnven;wouldnthavegot
析:观察题干,可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设,因此答案只能是D。
9.Ididn_____,hewouldhavesaidhelloto
me.
e
析:观察题目上下文,特别是第二句的主句谓语为wouldhavesaid,可知if从句表述的是与过去事
实相反的愿望,因此答案为B。
10._____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.
;;;;be
析:根据主句谓语形式,可知从句要用haddone形式,故应选A,Haditnotbeenforyourhelp
=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp.(要不是你帮忙的话)
11.MrSmithwasbadlyill,orhe_____ourdinnerparty.
aveattended
haveattended
析:or可引导含蓄条件句,表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容,可知是与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为
B。
倒装句型
英语的倒装有两大类型:
一、全部倒装:指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装,有下列几种情况:
1.here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。
例如:
Hereisaletterforyou./Theregoesthelasttrain./Thedooropened,andincameMr
Smith./Awaywenttheboy./Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas./Backcametheothers./Out
rushedtheboywithanappleinhishand./Thencameanoilikethunder./Nowcomesthebus.
2.介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首,引起全部倒装。例如:
Inthecorneroftheroomstandsawriting-table./Southofthecityliesabigfactory./Under
thebedliesacat./Intheoceanslivehugenumbersofasmallfish5cmlong.
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注:以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词,谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词,如
lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,ri,walk,run等,主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列,则
不用完全倒装。例如:
Hereitrainsaloteverymonthoftheyear./Hereweare!/Offyougo!/Thenshewenttothe
shop.
3.在therebe结构中,采用全部倒装语序。例如:
Thereisabookinthebag.
表系主语
4.代词such作表语,意“这样的人”“这样的物”,应置于句首,其后全部倒装。例如:
Suchwerethefacts./Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.
二、部分倒装:指部分谓语(如助动词、情态动词)位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情
况:
1.一般疑问句,选择疑问句,反意问句要求部分倒装。例如:Hashefinishedhiswork?/Its
alovelyday,isntit?
2.特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如:
Whendidyougothere?/Whichdoyoulikebest?
3.only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句,并置于句首时,主句中要部分倒装。例如:
Onlywhentherainstoppeddidthematchstartagain.
注:“only+名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如:
Onlyhecandoit.(正)Onlycanhedoit.(误)
4.含有否定意义的副词,如:not,never,neither,nor,ldom,hardly,little等置于句
首时,要求部分倒装。例如:
HardlycanIbelievethat./NeverhashebeentotheGreatWall./Seldomdoesshe
writetome.
5.notonly…but(also)…连接两个分句,notonly置于句首,它所引导的这部分要部
分倒装,但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如;
Notonlyshouldwestudyscience,butalsoweshouldpayattentiontopolitics.
注:若notonly…but(also)…连接两个主语,句子不要倒装。
6.notuntil引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时,主句中要求部分倒装。例如:
Notuntilhewastendidhegotoschool./NotuntilyesterdaydidIrealizewhattroublehe
wasin.
7.hardly…when…;nosooner…than…句型中,若hardly,nosooner位于句首时,主句
中要求部分倒装。例如:
HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang./Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalk
thanhewassurrounded(包围)bytheworkers.
8.so表“也”、“同样”意,位于句首时,其后要部分倒装。例如:
Youcanswim,socanI./Ifyougo,sowillI.
倒装语序考点分析
1.Notonly_____pollutedbut_____crowded.(上海高考)
city;ywas;thestreetswere
city;ywas;werethestreets
析:notonly部分要部分倒装,可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装,故C为正确答案。
2.Little_____abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimlf.
(上海高考)
A.d
析:否定意义的Little在句首,该句要倒装,故答案在A、B之中选择一个,因A的时
态不对,故答案为B。
3.Onlyinthisway_____progessinyourEnglish.(NMET)
uabletocome
5
析:Only修饰inthisway置于句首,句子要部分倒装,故答案为B。
4.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howriousthepollutionwas.(NMET)
lagersrealized
tthevillagersrealize
析:由于Notuntil在句首,主句要采用部分倒装,这样先可排除B、C,又由于D不
应该用didnt,故A为正确答案。
5.Bequick!_____
herecomes
mesthebus
析:用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中,所以此题答案为D。(=Thebusiscoming
here.)
6.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.(NMET)
g
析:由于介词短语onthewall位于句首,全句要采用完全倒装式,因为主语是复数,所以正确答案
为B。
虚拟语气、倒装句型专练
_____aboutwhatothersthink.
care
2._____gotintotheroom_____thetelephonerang.(NMET)
lyhad;hadhe;when
ot;he;when
practisingafewhourveryday_____beabletomasterthelanguage.
(上海高考)
A.u
_____himyesterdayI_____himaboutit.
;n;wouldhaveasked
n;;wouldhaveasked
youthinkwouldhappenifthere_____nolightduringthedays?
e
6._____yousucceedineverythingand_____youbehealthy.
;;;;hope
yourhelp,I_____theplace.
tfound
awyer_____herelastSunday,he_____herfromgoing.
n;n;wouldprevent
;;wouldhaveprevented
dnotbeenfortheliberation,nochanges_____placeinmyhometown.
taken
10._____latetommorrow,whowouldtakeherplace?
Greenwouldcome
Greencomes
11._____it_____,thecrops_____besaved.
;rained;;rain;would
;rains;;rain;should
ctsasifhe_____ayoungman.
sasifit____alreadysummernow.
n
_____himthedaybeforeyesterday.
ing
6
hesuggestionthatthey_____theplantheyhadmade.
edon
ggestedthatastudyplan_____rightnow.
nmade
quiredthatwe_____themgetinthecrops.
elp
uldhaveattendedtheclass,butshe_____.
t
rderedthatnosmoking_____inthelibrary,whichmadethesmokersunhappy.
notbeallowed
e_____hisviewoflife.
tlemanmentioned
egentlemanmention
un_____agroupofyoungsoldiers,guninhand.
22.——Youforgottohandinyourhomeworkyesterday.
——Goodheavens!_____.Hereyouare.
,ave
23._____withhisslippersonwhenheheardtheterriblenoi.
ushed
er_____finishedthecomposition_____thelightwentout.
;;;;than
otuntil_____topreparehislessons.
fathercomeinthattheboybegan
hercameinthattheboybegan
fathercomeindidtheboybegin
hercameindidtheboybegin
26._____,soyouarenotafriendofmine.
eforeIhaveenyou
adIenyoubefore
27.——Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.
——_____,and_____.(上海高考)
s;s;sohaveyou
e;e;soyouhave
_____tilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.
lputoff
29.——Haveyouwrittentheletters?
——No,_____timetodoanyotherworkyet.
adhardly
yhavehad
30._____getsuchapairofshoesformyson?
hinkwherecanI
oyouthinkIcan
_____thattheenemyweregone.
ethenews
32.——Whatabeautifulbridge,_____?
——Yes,_____?
tit;isn;tit;;itisnt
hepath_____,onwhich_____“KeepofftheGrass”.
omesigns;omesigns;wrote
gnsstood;gnsstood;wrote
7
ataxisothathe_____thereintime.
get
35.IdratherTom_____tomorrow.
me
outtimeyou____themedicine,sir.
ake
e_____noelectricityinthefuture,ourlife_____changealot.
;;be;e;would
ttheCommunistPartythere____NewChina.
a
_____alotofdeerintheforest.
ace_____likeahugewater-coveredglobe(球体).
oktheearth
eearthlook
虚拟语气、倒装句型答案
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