techsavvy

ingrainedJohnhasa__prejudiceagainstallblacks.

strandedThereIwas__inNewYorkwithnopassport,moneyorfriends.

petitionShewasaskedtosigna__againstplanstobuildonthelocalplayingfields.

discreetMycretaryisvery__Shenevertellsanyoneunconcernedanythingaboutthecompany'sbusiness.

improvisHalfwaythroughthespeechIforgotmywordsandhadto__.

loops_Abrook__aroundtheirfarm.

incurredTheyall__substantiallossduringthestockmarketcrash.

overturesWearemaking__totheauthoritiesforafree-tradeagreement.

provocativeTheplayrais__questionsaboutsanity,innocence,andthepossibilityofamiraculous

_importunedTheboy_theteachertoraihismark.

savvyTech-__teenagersarecreatingmillionsoffakedriver'slicens.

embraceTheyouthshould__opportunitiescreatedbytheirschoolstostudyfurther.

_heftyPeoplendingjunkemail,orspam,inGermanywillface_finesofasmuchas50,000euros

fosterFrequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelp__friendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.

strainYouwill__youreyesbyreadinginsuchapoorlight.

bickeringShecannotstandtheconstant__withherhusband.

meditationHisspeechisa__onthepurpooflife.

momentumThefirmhasbeengrowingrapidly,butitisnoteasytokeepthatkindof__forever.

wreaked/wroughtExpertssaythatecologicaldamage__bypollutionisincreasingrapidly.

_mandatory_Itisabsolutely__thateverydriverofavehiclemustpassadriver’slicentest.

astuteHadhebeenmore__hemighthavestayedinpowerlonger.

featuresThisweek’sbroadcast__areportonvictimsofdomesticviolence.

informedSheinsistedinmaking__judgmentsaboutthemenshehasmet.

pervasiveApersonwholivedintheearlyyearsofthe20thcenturywouldnothavebeenabletoexperiencethe__influenceofscienceand

technologyasitisnow.

engagingHealwayswearan__smileonhisface.

eludeTheymovedtheexperimenttoacretplaceinorderto__obrvation.

discrepancyThereisalarge__betweentheidealimageofmotherhoodandreality.

orientedAlotoftheyoungerstudentsdon’temtobepolitically__atall.

decriedThelawhasbeen_asanattackonpersonalliberty.

discountHedoesn’t__thepossibilitythatthestresshewasunderaffectedhisdecisions.

intrusionIrentedthis__intomydomesticaffairs

cularWeliveinanincreasingly__society.

designatedShehasbeen__totakeovertheposition.

tangibleWeneed__evidenceifwearegoingtotake.

modifiedWhenwe__thecarparks.

modifiedTheplansmustbe__iftheyaretobeudsuccessfully.

perceivedSpaceis__differentlyindifferentcultures.

reflectDoestheliteratureofanationits__mannersandmorals.

integratedTheresidentialblockswereskillfully___

gregatedspacesinindiaare__

raptIhaven’tbeenfollowingtheconversationwith___attention.

strivenManyrearchershave__foragreaterunderstandingoftheprocesswhichoccurinsidestars.

abominableTheprisonersareforcedtolivein__conditions.

umpireIn14yearsasa/an___inthemajorleagues,Kobelhadneverentwobaballteamsfightlikethis.

asssmentThecritic’s___ofthebookisthatitisbeautifullywritten.

appallLocalTraditions___Foreigners.

lividYoushouldhaveavoidedtalkingwithhim,becauhewas___withangerthen.

commonplaceThefashionableremarksoftodayoftenbecomethe___expressionsoftomorrow.

impulAsaresult,a/an___mayalsoberegardedasthechangeinmomentumofanobjecttowhich

asssmentTheWindowsVistaHardware___solutionacceleratorisanetwork-wide

2题解释

cheatedmeIpaidhimforsixbottlesofchampagne,buthepulledafastoneonme

apartfromSheliventirelyalone,giveortaketherats,batsandthemoths.

arguingearnestlyforThelawyersforabribedex-lawmakerarepleadingforleniencyin

scoldedmeMynurmanagertoldmeoffinfrontofeveryone,includingpatientsand

acceptwhatRobertssaidastrueShouldwetakeRobertsatfacevalue?

cheeredandshoutedhappilyTheteamwhoopeditupafterwinningthegame.

andthelikeHerlatestbookisacollectionoffamilyfriendlyrecipesforsandwiches

gatherinornearthecornerdrugstoreTheprincipalwarnedthestudentsnottohang

farfromShesangotherthanperfectly.

letTomhavealltheapplepiehewantedMotherletTomlooontheapplepie.

excludedTheoptionofstartingoverhasbeenruledout.

metupIhookedupwithsomeoldfriendswhenIwasinthetown.

payIhadtoforkout30yuantogetthatcond-handbikerepaired!

oftenexceededthespeedlimitwithoutbeingfinedexceptforthistimeHeexceededthespeedlimitoncetoooftenandwasfined.

appearedNewbusinessspranguprapidlyinthepastdecade.

BeingshortofmoneyBeingshyofmoney,Jacktookhisgirlfriendtoamovieinsteadof

ttoworkeagerlyWhenIboughtthishou,allmyfriendspitchedintohelpfixitup.

becamefullydevelopedTravelbycarcameofageinthemiddleofthetwentiethcentury.

longsforDespitehisgreatcommercialsuccesshestillyearnsforcriticalapproval.

topraigreatlyIt’squiteagoodfilm,butit’snothingtoraveabout.

gotpointsHerackedup41pointsinthefinalroundofthecompetition.

takeawayBuildingsocietiesmayforecloonamortgageifpaymentsarenotkeptup.

havetherighttouAsamember,youareentitledtothemonthlyjournal.

directandrudeThepresidentmadeapoint-blankrefusaltodiscussthequestions.

becameangryToddwentpostalwhenheheardhisgirlhadacrushonthenewcomer.

whenmoneyisconcernedWhenitcomestomoney,hehasneverbeengenerous.

playtherolesofTheyaretoassumetherolesofmobstersinthemovie.

establishedhimlfThenewgeneralmanagerquicklytookholdintheoffice.

tellingproudlyTheyareproudlytrumpetingaboutthefactthattheyarecreatingmore

werekilledThesoldiersweremowndownbymachinegunfire.

Withreferencetowhatdidyousayinrelationtowhathappenedyesterday

Takenovertheyhaveinfringedonthenation’sfishingrights

Hiswifecameinfirstthenhecameinhecamein,precededbyhiswife.

Regardalotofpeoplelookonhimwithdislike.

GetaboutitisamazingtoAmericanshowanyonegetsaround

SendingoutinalldirectionswhenAmericanswalkinacitylikepariswithsteetsradiatingfrom

Relatestoanotheraspectoftheculturalpatterningofspaceconcernsthefunctionofspaces

rudeMentionill-manneredchildrenandmostpeoplerolltheireyesatthememoryof

lookedatThefatherregardedmecoolly.―We’vepaidfortheuoftheinn’s

forgiveWhatcouldmakeaeminglyrationalcouplecondonebehaviorthatwasso

shockedEvenparentswhostrivetoteachtheirchildrenmannersareappalledat

watchfulParentsneedtobeespeciallyvigilantnottosaysomethingcasuallythat

attackIshouldregardthisasanassaultonmypersonalpride.

conductThatman'sdemeanormarkedhimdownasacriminal.

boringThere’snoreasonfortheparentstoemannersasabunchofstuffy

filledwithHaveweasasocietybecomesoconsumedwithourownneedsthat

idiotAwifewhotellsherhusbandtoshutupandafatherwhocallsaneighborajerk

3题选词

Inthenow在现在raredomainofgenuinesociety,hostsaresuppodtoplanandpayfortheentertainment

intorealms进入领域Why,theannualChristmaspartyoughttobeaninspirationtolower-levelemployeestoworktheirway_realmswhere

company-sponsoredpartyingcanbeenjoyedallyearlong.

cutthrough抄近路Inoneeveningtheymanagetocut__theentirehierarchyandproceduresthebosshas

tostandard标准Evenemployeeswhoadherestrictly___standardbusinessdressintheofficemaynot

distractionFrom分心Havingtoworkinoughdistraction___one’smoreintimaterelationships,andthe

restingup休息Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptanandchronicwanderlust,teachesgradeschool

connotationsof内涵TheSwedishwordforsomeonelivingaloneudtobeensam,whichhadconnotations_beinglonely.

opennewvistas打开新局面Themovefromcozyfamiliestourbansingledom__newvistasformarketers.

portaltoTheplayboymagazinepromiofsingledomasaportal__sublimexdoesn’thold,according

fusionOf融合Thefusion__independenceandcommunityforolderpeoplehasprovedpopular:the

wanderedinto漫步走进DonWiwandered_thelivingroomofhishomeinLeawood,Kan.,one

Bandwith波段Theyarescorchingthehighschoolband_aflamethroweruntiltheyburntodeathinPostal.

Wayto方法Grossmanmakesnoapologiesfortheuptickinbloodandgore,sayingthefeaturesareaway_―getpeopletotalkaboutthe

game.‖

ontheback背面Theratingappearsonthefrontofeverygamebox,while_thebackarethreeorfour

IncreaofRearchersconcludethereisameasurableincrea_threeto15percentinanindividual’s

behindBeinggallantisaboutnotboastingorcallingsomeonenames___theirback,aboutwinningfairly

throughMannersareaboutbeingkindandchildrenlearnthat__theirparents.

intoDrivingthegirlshome,themotherflew____intoarage,cursingandcallingthecoachallsortsof

up/intoWhenthecarpulled__,Ellenudtowordlesslyplunkherlf__thebackat

inUnlessthatchildfeelsgrounded__whoheisandwherehecomesfrom,everythingelisanact.

Onspatialconsciousnessinmanywesternculturesisbad__aperceptionofobjectsinspace

Inhowever,somecultural-linguisticsystemdeveloped__theoppositedirection.

WithTheJapaneartistwilloftenreprenttheentiresky__onebrushstroke.

Apartinindia,highcasterandlowcasteactivitiesarekept__.

To__thewesterneye,however,thelargeareasofemptyspaceinsuchpaintingsmakethemlookincomplete.

4题英英

(1)Allittakestoturnthisintoholidaymerrimentisabitofgreeneryloopedaroundtheoffice—thestaffwillsoonbelooped,too.

Asmallpieceoflawnoutsidetheofficewillcreatethesamemerryatmosphereasthatofaholidayandthestaffwilleasilyenjoythemlves.

(2)Thisisallpurehospitality—thereforthetaking,liketheoffice-suppliedfelt-tippedpenveryonehasbeenpocketingallyear.

Thankstothegeneroushosts,everythingattheofficepartyisfreeandpartygoerscantakeawayanythingtheywouldlikesuchasstationery

theyhavebeentakinghomeallthetime.

(3)Itmightdiscouragehospitablebosstoeguestsstaringattheminhorrorandthenslitheringinbyasidedoor.

slidinginthroughasidedoor

(4)Inoneevening,theymanagetocutthroughtheentirehierarchyandproceduresthebosshadpainstakinglyestablishedforthepurpoof

beingsparedthiskindofimportuning.

Inoneevening,thhdifferencesarewhatthebosshave

triedtoestablishthroughyears-longefforts.

(5),thebossplantthemlvesconspicuouslybytheexit,grabbingthehandofanyonetrying

togetawayandthankinghimforcoming.

Attheendofanofficeparty,thebossstandbythedoorandtrytogreeteveryguesttoexpressthanksforhisorherprenceattheparty.

(6)ScootingaroundParisinherGolfGTI,onehandonthewheelandtheotherclutchinghercellphone,deKergorlaypausbetweencallsto

raveaboutlifealone.

DrivingquicklyaroundParisinhercar,onehandonthewheelandtheotherholdingclolyhermobilephone

(7)IntheplaceofwitheredspinstersandbachelorsarepeoplelikeElizabethdeKergorlay,a29-year-oldParisianbankerwhoviewsher

independenceandherownapartmentasthespoilsofprofessionalsuccess.

Replacingtholanguishedsinglewomenandmen

(8)Suchfreedomcanbeaddictive,particularlyforwomen,notessociologistKaufmann.

AccordingtosociologistKaufmann,suchfreedomprovidedbylivingaloneissofavoredbymostpeople,especiallybywomen,thatithas

becomeakindofhabit.

(9)Restaurants,gymsandlattebarsfunctionaslivingrooms,asdopubs–atrendthat’smadeyoungurbanwomenamainstayfortheBritish

drinksindustryoverthepastfiveyears.

--atrendmakingyoungurbanwomenthemajorconsumersofdrinksinBritainforthepastfiveyears.

(10)It’samarketingman’sdream:ademographicwiththeanxietiesofteenagersandthebankaccountsofthemiddle-aged.

---agroupofpeoplewhohaveboththeanxietiesofteenagersandthesubstantialincomeofthemiddle-agedtospendonthoanxieties.

(11)Standingbehindtheboys,Wisawthatthevideo,ratedT(Teen)forages13andolder,depictedtheshooter’spointofview,withhislarge

gunjuttingintothebottomoftheTVframe.

Whilestandingbehindthetwoboys,Wisawthatitwasagameratedassuitableforteenagers.

(12)Interactivevideogamesintroducekidstoafantasyworldthatfeaturesamazinglylifelikecharacters,detailedimagesofbrutality,andan

audiomixofheart-poundingmusic,macabresoundeffectsandauthenticvoices.

Interactivevideogamesbringkidsintoafantasticvisualworldofentertainments.

(13)Makersofthemoreviolentgamesarepushingtheouterlimitsofsavageryanddepravity.

Makersofthemoreviolentgamesaretryingtodesignanddevelopgamesthatcontainextremelyviolentandmorallylowerthemes.

(14)Ifparentsareresponsibleforcaringfortheirchildren,thenourdefinitionofcaringhastokeeppacewithachangingmediaworld.

Ifparentsareconcernedwithtakingcareoftheirchildren,thentheyhavetobeclearaboutthenewandchangingworldofmediatechnologies

sothattheycanprovideneededhelpandprotectionfortheirchildren.”

(15)Indeed,soldierstrainedtokillincombatuthesamebrutalizationanddensitizationtechniquesnowudtoentertainchildren.

Asamatteroffact,skillsareverybrutalandinnsitivetechniqueswhich

areudintrainingsoldierstofightincombat.

(16)Whileteenagerslaughatthevulgaranticsof―BeavisandButthead,‖theirparentsyukitupwiththeacerbic―MarriedWithChildren‖and

thebrash―Roanne.‖

Whilekidshaveagoodlaughattherudeandfunnybehaviorsof“BeavisandButthead,”,theirparentslaughheartedlyatthebitter“Married

withChildren”andthedisrespectful“Roanne.”

(17)Thefrayingofthenuclearfamilyandthedemandsonworkingparents,manyexpertsbelieve,haveproducedagenerationofchildrenwho

canprogramacomputerbutdon’tknowhowtowriteathank-younote.

Thedisturbanceinthefamilywithparentsandkidsonlyandthepressureontheparents

(18)Ifachildreachesadulthoodwithrecollectionsonlyoftelevision,LittleLeagueandbirthdayparties,thenthatchildhaslittletodrawon

whenatruetestofcharactercomesup----say,inapricklybusinesssituation.

childhaslittletomakeuofwhentheycomeacrosssomethingreallychallenging,say,inaverydifficultsituation.

(19)Whilechildrendon’tautomaticallywarmtotheideaoflearningtobepolite,there’snoreasonforthemtoemannersasabunchofstuffy

restrictionither.

Whilechildrenarenotreadytobeenthusiastictowardstheideaoflearningtobewell-mannered,there’snoreasonforthemtoemannersas

atofboringrules,either.

(20)Bycorrectingthebehaviorratherthanthechild,youdefuachild’sdefensivenessandkeepthecorrectionfromsoundinglikeanorder.

Youhelptolesnthechild’snoflf-protectionandkeepyourinstructionsfromsoundinglikeanorder.

5题汉英

(1)Furthermore,partygoersfigure,itoffersrelieffromsuchpeskyobligationsasthankinganyoneorbeingkindtowallflowersbecauthere

reallyaren’tanyhosts.

参加晚会的人明白这种场合省去了许多麻烦的礼节性应酬,不必特意感谢什么人，或是费神与缩在角落里没人理睬的客人搭讪

(2)Inthenow-raredomainofgenuinesociety,hostsaresuppodtoplanandpayfortheentertainmentoftheirguests,ontheirowntimeandin

havestrictdutiesaswell—fromansweringinvitationstocooperatewithallarrangements,eventotheextentof

pronouncingthemperfectlylovely.

而来宾也同样负有重任——从回复邀请、应承一切安排，直到礼貌地啧啧称赞晚会举办得无懈可击。

(3)Thecleveremployeewilldressastheexecutivesdo,keepinginmindthattherearefewfieldsinwhichpeoplearecondemnedforlooking

insufficientlyprovocative.

聪明的员工会在穿着上与上司们保持同一风格，因为他们深知，几乎没有哪个场合有人会因为穿得不够惹眼而被人指指点点。

(4)WhatconstitutesacoupleisamurkierquestionthanMissMannersandanynsibleemployeroughttoinvestigate,butemployeessimply

canbeaskedtosupplythenameofaspouorfriendtheywanttoinvite.

谁和谁结伴出席晚会是令礼节小姐和任何一位明智的雇主都感到难以查清楚的事情。

(5)Thecleveremployeewilldressastheexecutivesdo,keepinginmindthattherearefewfieldsinwhichpeoplearecondemnedforlooking

insufficientlyprovocative.

聪明的员工会在穿着上与上司们保持同一风格，因为他们深知，几乎没有哪个场合有人会因为穿得不够惹眼而被人指指点点。

(6)Inthepast,er,’scompaniesshouldthinkof

high-earningsinglesasakeymarket.

过去,广告商最看中的是有两三个孩子的夫妇。

(7)JanTrost,asociologistattheUniversityofUppsala,hasstudiedEurope’srisingincidenceofwhathecallsLAT,orlivingalonetogether,in

whichcommittedcouplesoptforparateresidences.

决定在一起的双方选择分开居住。

(8)Gonearethedaysoftheclamorousfamilygatheredaroundatablegroaningwithhome-cookedfood.

一家人吵吵嚷嚷围在桌边吃自家饭菜的日子已经一去不返了。

(9)Andgoodx,accordingtoSchmidt,prettymuchremainstheprivilegeoftheattached:only40percentofsinglessaidtheyenjoyedx,

comparedwith80percentofpeopleinrelationships.

---在相当程度上是相互依恋者的特权

(10)Guilty-freefamilies?Nowthat’sasignofaismicsocietalshiftifevertherewasone.

如果真的有这样的家庭，那就标志着前所未有的重大社会变革。

(11)Bloodsplatteredthelabcoatofthecharacterashewhirledandfell.―You’redown!‖theboysaid,laughing.

对方扭曲着身体应声倒地，鲜血溅满身上的白大褂。―你死定了！‖男孩大笑着说。

(12)Mostareharmlesntertainment,butinfartoomanyofthemostpopularones,kidsareactingoutrealisticviolentexperiencesontheirTV

andcomputerscreens.

其中大多数是无伤大雅的纯娱乐游戏。但在许多最流行的游戏中，青少年面对屏幕演绎着一幕幕真实的暴力场面。

(13)Theysuccessfullypressuredthevideo-gameindustrytoadoptaratingsystemtoinformparentsofgamesfeaturingviolentandxually

orientedcontent.

他们成功地敦促电子游戏业采用定级制度，以便知会家长含有暴力和色情内容的游戏。他们成功地敦促电子游戏业采用定级制度，

以便知会家长含有暴力和色情内容的游戏。

(14)Thelatestannualreportreflectstheopinionsofparentswhoevaluatethegamesbadonviolence,xualcontentandlanguage.

该机构最近一年的记录中记载了父母对暴力、色情和污秽语言内容游戏的评价意见。

(15)ThereisnopenaltyforrentingorllingM-ratedtitlestokids,andaccordingtoanNIMFsurvey,only20percentofstoreshaveratings

policiesthatexplaintocashierswhichcustomerscanandcan’tbuygames.

目前还没有对向青少年出租或售卖成人游戏进行惩罚的条例。根据全国媒体与家庭研究所的一项调查，只有20%的影音商店制定了

租售限制的条例，告知收银员哪类顾客可以或不可以租买有关的游戏。

(16)Whileyoucan’tprotectyourchildrenfromwhatgoesonoutsideyourhome,expertsbelievethatwithpatienceandpersistence,parents

candoalottomaketheirchildrenbeautiesinourworldfullofbeasts.

专家们相信，通过耐心与毅力，父母可以做出很多努力，使孩子在充满粗鲁行为的世界里成为有礼貌的人。

(17)It’saboutnotboastingorcallingsomeonenamesbehindtheirback,aboutwinningfairlyandlosinggraciously,andtreatingeveryonewith

respect.

它不是自我吹嘘或者背后骂人，而是要赢得公平，输的体面。

(18)Becaurudebehaviorinchildrenismoreoftentheresultofthoughtfulnessthanofdeliberateaggression.

因为孩子的粗鲁行为通常是缺乏思考的结果，而不是故意的冒犯。

(19)Theyreinforcethenotionthatthechildisincapableofgoodbehaviorwithoutcoercion.

这些更加强了父母的看法：不给孩子施加武力，孩子是养不成好习惯的。

(20)Theideaistodothisoftenenoughsoyoucaneventuallymoveawayfromthepromptandjustgivetheprai.

因此你最后可以直接表扬而无需提示了。

6汉英

●布局的主要特性是日本人称之为美的精髓的―素雅(shibumi)‖。Forexample,inmanyoftheirartssuchaspainting,gardendesign,and

floralarrangements,thechiefqualityofcompositionisthatesnceofbeautytheJapanecallshibumi.

●参加晚会的人明白这种场合省去了许多麻烦的礼节性应酬,不必特意感谢什么人，或是费神与缩在角落里没人理睬的客人搭讪

Furthermore,partygoersfigure,itoffersrelieffromsuchpeskyobligationsasthankinganyoneorbeingkindtowallflowersbecauthere

reallyaren’tanyhosts

●聪明的员工会在穿着上与上司们保持同一风格，因为他们深知，几乎没有哪个场合有人会因为穿得不够惹眼而被人指指点点。The

cleveremployeewilldressastheexecutivesdo,keepinginmindthattherearefewfieldsinwhichpeoplearecondemnedforlooking

insufficientlyprovocative.

●当美国人在像巴黎这样的城市漫步时，他们往往会迷路。因为巴黎的街道是从中央辐射开来的。WhenAmericanswalkinacitylike

Paris,whichislaidoutwiththemainstreetsradiatingfromcenters,theyoftengetlost.

●该机构最近一年的记录中记载了父母对暴力、色情和污秽语言内容游戏的评价意见。Thelatestannualreportreflectstheopinionsof

parentswhoevaluatethegamesbadonviolence,xualcontentandlanguage.

●客观的、有形的―实体‖一定要先于主观的或者内在经验，Similarly，althoughitemstoWesterners,andespeciallytoAmericans,that

objective,tangible―reality‖mustprecedeanysubjectiveorinnerexperience,infactmanyAsianandothernon-Europeanculturesviewinner

experienceasthebasisforone’sperceptionsofphysicalreality.

●目前还没有对向青少年出租或售卖成人游戏进行惩罚的条例。根据全国媒体与家庭研究所的一项调查，只有20%的影音商店制定

了租售限制的条例，告知收银员哪类顾客可以或不可以租买有关的游戏。ThereisnopenaltyforrentingorllingM-ratedtitlestokids,

andaccordingtoanNIMFsurvey,only20percentofstoreshaveratingspoliciesthatexplaintocashierswhichcustomerscanandcan’tbuy

games.

●如果真的有这样的家庭，那就标志着前所未有的重大社会变革。Guilty-freefamilies?Nowthat’sasignofaismicsocietalshiftifever

therewasone.

●社会学家说,这种自由可以让人上瘾,特别是对妇女来说.Suchfreedomcanbeaddictive,particularlyforwomen,notessociologist.

●他们成功地敦促电子游戏业采用定级制度，以便知会家长含有暴力和色情内容的游戏。他们成功地敦促电子游戏业采用定级制度，

以便知会家长含有暴力和色情内容的游戏。Theysuccessfullypressuredthevideo-gameindustrytoadoptaratingsystemtoinformparents

ofgamesfeaturingviolentandxuallyorientedcontent.

●它不是自我吹嘘或者背后骂人，而是要赢得公平，输的体面。It’saboutnotboastingorcallingsomeonenamesbehindtheirback,about

winningfairlyandlosinggraciously,andtreatingeveryonewithrespect.

●一家人吵吵嚷嚷围在桌边吃自家饭菜的日子已经一去不返了。Gonearethedaysoftheclamorousfamilygatheredaroundatable

groaningwithhome-cookedfood.

●因为孩子的粗鲁行为通常是缺乏思考的结果，而不是故意的冒犯。Becaurudebehaviorinchildrenismoreoftentheresultof

thoughtfulnessthanofdeliberateaggression.

●这些更加强了父母的看法：不给孩子施加武力，孩子是养不成好习惯的。Theyreinforcethenotionthatthechildisincapableofgood

behaviorwithoutcoercion.