语法|名词性从句用法归纳
在复合句中起到名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句(nounclaus),可以分
为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的基本用法
(一)宾语从句(ObjectClau)
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,作动词或介词的宾语。引导词有that,if,
whether以及wh-词(含how)。如:
Noonecantellwhatwillhappentothefrighteningvirus.
Iamsurethatawell-designedexamcanchecktheresultofyourlearning
onlinecours.
Theyarediscussingwhenweshouldstartthenewterm.
注意点:
引导宾从时,常可省略,但是由and连接的多个宾从时,and后的
that不能省略。如:
Hesaid(that)hisfamilywasmovedfromSanFrancisco.
Hesaid(that)hisfamilywasmovedfromSanFranciscoandthathisson
couldspeakEnglishfluentlyat2yearsold.
不能引导介词后的宾语从句,只能用whether。如:
Theyarearguingoverwhethertheircountryshouldtakemorepowerful
measurestocontainthenovelvirus.
但要注意特例exceptthat。如:
Heisniceexceptthatheiasytogetangry.
3.注意make,consider,think,find,expect等动词后接复合宾语时,可以是
it为形式宾语,that引导的从句为真正宾语。如:
Nooneeverexpecteditsodangerousthatapatientwasinfectedwiththe
novelvirus.
(二)表语从句(ThePredicativeClau)
在复合句中作表语的句子叫做表语从句,放在be,become,get,grow,
appear,em,sound,smell,feel,taste等连系动词后。引导词有that,whether,
asif以及wh-词(含how)。如:
Hervoicesoundsasifabirdissinging.
ThefactisthatthelockdownofWuhanCityreallyworkstocontainthe
spreadofthenovelcoronavirus.
注意点:
引导表语从句时,无实义,但不能省略。如:
Mydreamisthatallmystudentscanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.
在引导的表语从句中表示“所……的(人或事)”,在表语从句中充当
主语或宾语。如:
That’swhatmanypeopleareworriedabout.
3.表示“原因”类的表语从句。要特别注意各自的固定搭配。如:
Thisisbecauhedroppedoutofmanylessons.
Thereasonisthathedroppedoutofmanylessons.
Thatiswhyhefailedtheexamagain.
(三)主语从句(TheSubjectClau)
在复合句中作主语的句子叫做主语从句。引导词有that,whether以及wh-
词(含how)。如:
Howweshouldmakeuofthewasteiscontroversial.
注意点:
引导主语从句时,无实义,但不能省略。
Thathewillbethenextpresidentiscertain.
2.为避免主语显得过长,常用it作形式主语,把主语从句移到句子的末尾。
如:
Itisnotclearwhenwewillstartanewschoolterm.
It’sapitythatyoufailedtheexamagain.
It’ssaidthattheUKistakinganegativeattitudetowardsthebattle
againstthenovelcoronavirus.
Itisoftenthecathatanythingispossibleforthowhohangontotheir
dreams.
(四)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClau)
在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句,叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名
词(如fact,idea,news,thought,hope,possibility,promi,suggestion,order,
word等)后,说明或解释这些名词的具体内容,引导词有that以及wh-词(含
how)。如:
It’safactthatmenareusuallystrongerthanwomen.
IhavenoideawhenwewilltoutforShanghai.
Wordcamethatthenewly-electedpresidentwouldpayanofficialvisitto
Chinathenextweek.(此句要注意that引导的同位语从句并没有紧跟在Word<
消息>后,而是移至末尾,是为了避免句子显得头重脚轻)
注意点:
在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。
Thereisnopossibilitythatwewillwinthefootballgame.
Thereisnodoubtthatyou'llmakeit.
tion,order,proposal等词后接同位语从句时,要用虚拟语气,谓语
动词形式为shoulddo,should可省略。如:
Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant
dealwithourheavytask.
引导同位语从句与定语从句的关键区别是同位语从句中that只起连
接作用,不充当任何成分(不可省略),而定语从句中的that在从句充当主语或
宾语,作宾语时还常可省略。同位语从句是说明其前名词的具体内容,而定语从
句是起限定作用,用以修饰先行词。比较以下两句:
ThenewsthatthenewfilmwillbeputonnextSundayreallyexcitesusall.
(此句that引导同位语从句,说明了news的具体内容)
ThenewsthathetoldmenextSundayreallyexcitesusall.(此句that引导
定语从句,that指代先行词news,在从句中充当宾语)
二、名词性从句的难点
1.名词性从句应使用陈述句语序,不要与疑问句混淆。如:
Haveyouheardabouthowthescientistsaredoingrearchonthe
vaccineagainstthenovelcoronavirus?
此句为疑问句,助动词Have移至句首构成了疑问,而how引导的是宾语
从句,应用陈述句语序。
/whether(是否)都可以引导宾语从句,但介词后的宾语从句只能用
whether。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,只能用whether不能用if,
但是如果主语从句用it作形式主语时,也可以用if引导。如:
Whetherthenewfilmwillbecomeahitisunknown.
Itisunknownif/whetherthenewfilmwillbecomeahit.
Whentostartthepartydependsonwhetherthestarwillturnupontime.
另外,还需注意固定搭配whether…ornot。如:
We'veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknowwhethershe’llacceptitornot.
er,whoever,whomever,whichever从句可能是名词性从句,也可
能是让步状语从句。如:
Tomysurpri,whateverhedoessucceeds.(主语从句)
WhateverIsay,shejustdoesn'tbelieveaword!(状语从句)
4.表示“怀疑(doubt)”的从句中,要注意选择合适的引导词。一般地,肯
定句中用if/whether,疑问句或否定句中用that。如:
Doyoudoubtthatyourfriendswillcometoyourrescuesoon?(that引导
宾语从句,that可省略)
Idon’tdoubtthattheteacherwillgiveusanotherchancetohaveatry.
(that引导宾语从句,that可省略)
Idoubtif/whethermyfriendswillturnupattheparty.(if/whether引导
宾语从句)
Thereissomedoubtwhethermyteamwillwinthebasketballgame.
(whether引导同位语从句,不能用if)
Thereisnodoubtthattheywilldisagreewithusonthismatter.(that引导
同位语从句)
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