exciting和excited

黉学英才高中校本教材高一英语Book5（人教版）课时练

Attitudedeterminesaltitude.态度决定高度

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在英语中，若动词有“使、让”等义的动词称为使动词。根据其用法和构成大致分为以下三类：

一是作为不完全意义的及物动词，只有和其后的复合宾语一起构成完整的意义，主要有：make,let,have,

get,keep,leave等。

二是具有完整意义,而且"the-ingformdescibethepeopleorthingsthatcauthefeeling;the-edform

tellsushowpeoplefeel.",主要有:

interest,excite,worry,tire,bore,embarrass,amu,surpri,amaze,disappoint,impress,satisfy,move,plea,

inspire,frighten,threaten等等。

三是由“en+形容词”，“形容词+en”,“名词+fy”构成的派生使动词，如：enlarge,enrich,enrage,harden,

soften,classify,beautify,purify,simplify等。根据笔者多年的教学经验，现就各类使动词的用法作出分析。

一.不完全意义的使动词。

此类使动词用法极为复杂，它们除了使动用法外，还有自身的其他意义,如make有制造成为等意义。

另外它们作使动用法时用法各具特色。不过它们却真正体现了英语语言的特点,所以培养英语思维要从这

些小的常用的词汇开始。那么高考英语把它们作为考点甚至热点就不足为奇了.这里我重点分析make,

have和leave的使动用法。

的使动用法：

1）makesbsth+sth

Itsbeatifulbeachesmakethisahighlypopularareawithtourists.美丽的海滩使这里成为游客云集的地方。

Wearetryingtomakeourfootballteamasuccess.

2)makesbsth+adj.

Hisattitudemadehimveryunpopularwithcolleagues.

Theuofcomputershasmadeitpossibleformorepeopletoworkfromhome.

Thepresidenthasmadeitclearthatheisnotgoingtochangehismind.

Over80,000peopleattended,makingitthebiggestsportingeventinthearea.

3)makesbsth+do

Ilikehimbecauhemakesmelaugh.

Nothingcouldmakemechangemymind.

MyparentsalwaysmakemedomyhomewoorkbeforeIgoout.

【注意】IwasmadetowaitforhoursbeforeIwaxaminedbyadoctor.

4）makesbsth+done

Shecouldn'tmakeherlfheardabovethenoiofthetraffic.

的使动用法

1）havesbsth+do

I'llhaveHusonshowyoutoyourroom.

2)havesbsth+doing

Withinminuteshehadthewholeaudiencelaughingandclapping.

Shehadmedoingallkindsofjobsforher.

【注意】Theteachercan'twon'thavehisstudentsarrivinglateallthetime.

3)havesbsth+done

Wheredoyounormallyhaveyourhairdone?

Mullinshadhisnobrokeninafight.

的使动用法

1）leavesbsth+doing

I'lljustleavetheenginerunningwhileIgoin.

Don'tleavetoolslyingabout.

Theaccidentleftherfeelingconfudandhurt.

2)leavesbsth+h

Anexplosionatachemicalplanthasleftoneworkerdeadandfourinjured.

黉学英才高中校本教材高一英语Book5(人教版)课时练

ThemottooftheOlympics----Swifter,HigherandStronger.

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Herofromthetable,leavinghisbrandyuntouched.

Thetrialleftmanyquestionsunanswered.

Iwishyou'dstopleavingthedooropen.

Iwasleftwitharayofhope.

【注意】短语leavesbsthalone,leavesbsthbehind都是作使动用法典型例子

【考例】

arksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpo.(1999.6)

ing

stedonthewindows_____openwhilehewassleeping.

二.可以加上-ing或-ed构成独立形容词的使动词

interest,excite,worry,tire,relax,exhaust,bore,embarrass,amu,surpri,shock,astonish,thrill,scare,amaze,

disappoint,impress,satisfy,move,touch,plea,annoy,inspire,frighten,terrify,horrify,scare,frustrate,upt,

concern,amu,entertain,threaten,等。

这类动词使用时有以下规律：

1）sth+v（使动词）+sb=>sb+be+v-ed+介词+sth.

--"Doesthatsatisfyyou?"---"Itdoes,MisterPeters."shesaid.

Ifsomeonelooksveryproudorsatisfiedwithhimlf,wesayhelookslikethecatthatatethecanary

Iwas,forthefirsttime,deeplysatisfiedwithwhatlifewasgivingme.

Havingahealthyrelationshipwithyoursupervisorusuallymeansyou'resatisfiedwiththeworkyoudoandhave

lessstress.因为和上司之间拥有健康良好的关系往往说明了你会对工作比较满意、受到的压力也较少。

I‘mfrightenedofwalkinghomealoneinthepark.

ItshockedmetohearthathewouldgototheUSAtomarryanAmerican.

2)sth+make+sb+v-ed

Hisarrivalmadeuxicited.他的到来使我们感到很兴奋。

Itssuddendisppearancemadeeverybodyprentshocked.它的突然消失让在座的每一个人感到震惊。

3)What+v（使动词）+sb+iswas+that从句

Whatsatisfiedmemostwasthattheycompletedtheprojectaheadofschedule.

4）这些词可以加上-ing或-ed变成独立的形容词

interesting/interested,exciting/excited,worrying/worried,tiring/tired,boring/bored,disappointing/disappointed等，

这些形容词都有一定的规律：the-ingformdescibethepeopleorthingsthatcauthefeeling;the-edformtells

ushowpeoplefeel.在教学中，学生容易笼统地认为-ingform用来描述人，-edform用来描述物。在一般

情况下可以这样理解，但不能推而广之，不能以偏概全。如：

Tomisdisappointing.(WhatTomsaidordidisdisappointing.)

Tom’sparentsaredisappointed.

【考例】

rypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem___.

rest

2._____,hecouldn'tsayaword.

____leadercalledonhispeople____greatereffortstodrivetheenemyoutoftheircountry.

ed;ing;ing;ed;tomake

dussucha____storythatwewere____totears.

;;;;moving

s____voiceonthephoneIknowhewas___withtheresult.

ying;ying;ied;ied;satisfying

三.派生使动词

派生使动词是由通过加添前缀-en或后缀-en,-ify,以及-ize来构成的。如：

黉学英才高中校本教材高一英语Book5（人教版）课时练

Attitudedeterminesaltitude.态度决定高度

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很多形容词通过加“-en”词缀的办法变成“使动词”，

如：rich—enrich(使丰富)，less—lesn(使减少)，large—enlarge(使变大)

-en[附在名词、形容词后构成动词]表示“变为”,“使有”;“变得”,“变得有”,

如：darken,weaken;ripen;worn;hearten,strengthen,threaten

-ify(=-fy)[动词后缀]表示“化”,“使成为...”,“变成”,“做”,

如:beautify,amplify,classify,simplify,glorify

-ize1.表示“使成为”,“使形成”,“使...化”,如:revolutionize,systemize,memorize,modernize,standardize,

minimize,maximize,publicize,industusrialize,socialize,civilize,等

【说明】-ize与-i英美尚无一定用法,但美语中多用-ize。下列数语则英美均用

-i,如:adverti,compri,devi,revi,surpri