every coin has two sides

【主体段展开方法一：罗列法】

罗列法是英文写作中最基本的一种，掌握此方法有助于其他方法的掌握。要陈述一系列

的事实或观点时，可以把各项内容的相对重要性、危害性或利弊等按照逻辑顺序（重要性递

增或重要性递减）排列。为了避免句型的单调重复，需要采用句子的衔接与过渡手段

（transitionalsignals）。

一、有关事物的重要性

英美人士喜欢把最次要的放在最前面，最重要的放在最后面，这种递进法使展开部分

达到高潮，会给读者留下深刻的印象。

WhyWeNeedn’tWorryTooMuchAboutAids

NowadayspeopleturnpaleatthementionofAids,fortheythinkitismore

dangerousthancancerinthatcancerisnotinfectiousbutAidsisininfectious.

Actuallyitcanbepreventedandweneedn’remany

factorsthatmayaccountforthisstatement,butthefollowingarethemost

typicalones.

First,theAidsvirusisinfectedthroughblood,saliva（涎，唾液）andxual

aswedon’tabudrugthroughintravenousinjection（静

脉注射）,kissorhavexualintercourwithanAidspatient,wecanprevent

s,he

humanbodyitwillsoondie,orewewillnotbe

importantofall,notbeinfected

somecountriesthereisnospecialisolationward（隔离房）forAidspatients.

Inconclusion,solongasweknowitsregularity（规律）,wecanpreventAids.

Ifwetakeprecautions（预防措施）,wewillnotcontract（感染）Aids.

衔接与过渡手段（transitionalsignals）

1）表示“首先”

first

firstly

firstofall

tobeginwith

inthefirstplace（后接inthecondplace）

foronething(后接foranother)

2)表示“第二”、“此外”、“其次”、“况且”

cond

condly

besides

what’smore

furthermore

inaddition

inadditionto+第一点（用名词短语概括的内容）

another+名词短语

anadditional+名词短语

besides+名词短语

3)表示“最后”

Finally

不可用atlast或intheend

(4)表示“最重要的是”

Themostimportantreasonis…

mostimportantofall

aboveall

themostesntial…

（5）表示“总之，总而言之”

onthewhole

inconclusion

inshort

inbrief

inaword

insummary

tosummarize

tosumup

(6)表示“纵上所述”

fromtheforegoing

fromwhathasbeendiscusdabove

fromtheaboveanalysis

【Assignment】QualitiesofsGoodStudent

二、有关事物的危害性

TheHarmfulEffectsofGlobalWarming

Itisreportedfromdifferentmediathatglobalwarmingcouldbringabout

anumberofriousproblems.

Tobeginwith,risingglobaltemperaturesareexpectedchangeprecipitation

ificreportshavealreadyproventhatrising

globaltemperaturescouldalterforests,cropyields,andwatersuppliesandthat

thereislikelytobeanoveralltrendtowardmoreintenrainstormsinoneplaceand

driersoilsinanother.

Tomakematterswor,as,not

justmajorcities,couldeanincreainthepollutantsandahigherfrequencyand

dalsoaffectanimalsandmanytypesof

fall,globalwarmingcouldcontributetotherisingofalevel,

endangeringordestroyingcoastalareaslikeIndonesia,wheremorethan45million

peopleliveatcoastalelevationswithinameterofalevel.

Therefore,globalwarmingisoneofthemostriouschallengesfacing

nomicandenvironmentalreasons,andabovealltosave

humanlives,weshouldtakedrasticmeasurestopreventthisproblem

becomingwor.

三、有关事物的利弊

讨论事物的利弊时，可采用以下套路：

【套路1】

Nowadays,所要讨论的话题_(_单词或短语____)_plays/playanimportant

role/partinpeople’erythingel,______所要讨论的话题_______

has/lly,theadvantages

canbelistedasfollows.

First,第一个好处（完整的句子）

______________________________________________________________

____________________.Besides,___第二个好处_（完整的句子）

______________________.Mostimportantofall,第三个好处___（完整的句子）

______________________________________________________________

_______________________.

avorableaspectsarealsoapparent.

Tobeginwith,第一个坏处__（完整的句子）_______________________.Tomake

matterswor,

第二个坏处__（完整的句子）___________________.Worstofall,第三

个坏处__（完整的句子）________________________________.

From/Throughtheaboveanalysis（Fromwhathasbeendiscusdabove）,

Ibelieve/Iamconvincedthatthepositiveaspects/theadvantagesoutweigh

thenegativeaspects/ore,结论

_____________________________________________.

【套路2】

Recently,thereisconsiderablediscussionon/about/withregardto_

所要讨论的话题(_单词或短语____)_______.Likeeverythingel所要讨论的话题(_

单词或短语____)_______has/havebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.

Generallyspeaking,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.

First,第一个好处_（完整的句子）

_________________________________________________.Inaddition

/furthermore/moreover,第二个好处_(_完整的句子)_____________________.

Mostimportantofall,第三个好处__(_完整的句子)_______________________

______________________________________________________________

___________________.

avorableaspectsarealsoapparent.

Tobeginwith,第一个坏处_________________________.Tomakematters

wor,

第二个坏处

_____________________________________________________.Worstof

all,第三个坏处__________________________________.

From/Throughtheaboveanalysis,（或：Fromtheforegoing/Fromwhathas

beendiscusdabove）Ibelieve/Iamconvincedthatthepositiveaspects/the

advantagesoutweighthenegativeaspects/ore,

结论__________________________________________.

【套路3】

Nowadays/Recently,所要讨论的话题_(_单词或短语)____playsan

importantpartinourdailylife/ispopularwith/among/

everythingel,______所要讨论的话题_______has/havebothfavorableand

lly,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.

Inthefirstplace,第一个好处（完整的句子）

______________________________________________________________

____________________.Inthecondplace,第二个好处_（完整的句子）

______________________.Mostimportantofall,第三个好处___（完整的句子）

______________________________________________________________

_______________________.

avorableaspectsarealsoapparent.

First,第一个坏处__（完整的句子）_______________________.Tomakematters

wor,

第二个坏处__（完整的句子）___________________.Worstofall,第三

个坏处__（完整的句子）________________________________.

Nowtheconclusionislf-evident.所要讨论的话题hasbothproblemsand

benefits/（或：Alongwithitsbenefits,所要讨论的话题hasalsoanumberof

ore,结论_______________________________________

_____________.

【例文】

OntheInternet

Nowadays/Recently,theInternetplaysanimportantpartinour

dailylife/ispopularwith/among/erythingel,

lly,the

advantagescanbelistedasfollows.

Inthefirstplace,internethasgreatlyenhancedourworkefficiency,

especiallyinourdailybusinessactivities.

Inthecondplace,theInternetenablespeopletocollectmoreandmore

portantofall,it

istheInternetthatismakingourworldsmallerandimprovingtheunificationof

globaleconomy.

avorableaspectsarealso

,alotofstudentsspendanexcessiveamountoftimeonthe

Internet,matterswor,

fall,some

peoplemaycommitcrimesontheInternetandmakesomecompaniesoreven

somecountriessufferavereeconomicloss.

ernethasboth

problemsandbenefits/（或：Alongwithitsbenefits,TheInternethas

alsoanumberofproblems）.Therefore,Itisadvisablethatsomerulesofthe

thiswaycanwe

enjoytheadvantagesoftheInternet.

【套路4】

陈述句，说明所要讨论的话题的重要性.Averycoinhastwosides,所要讨论

的话题llyspeaking,theadvantagesof所要讨论的话题

canbelistedasfollows.

Tobeginwith,第一个好处（完整的句子）

______________________________________________________________

____________________,andwhatismore,（【注】如果用Furthermore/

Moreover/Inaddition替换“andwhatismore”，习惯上将and前的逗号改为句号“.”）

第二个好处_（完整的句子）______________________.Mostimportantofall,第

三个好处___（完整的句子）

______________________________________________________________

_______________________.

Whilewementiontheadvantagesof所要讨论的话题,wecannotignore

y,第一个坏处__（完整的句子）_________________.

Tomakematterswor,第二个坏处__（完整的句子）

___________________.Worstofall,第三个坏处__（完整的句子）

________________________________.

Inconclusion,whethergoodorbad,thetendencythat具体说明什么趋势

ore,结论

______________________________________________________________

_______.

【例文】

OntheInternet

TheInternet,asasymbolofmoderncivilization,isplayingavitalpart

ycoinhastwosides,the

llyspeaking,theadvantagesofthe

Internetcanbelistedasfollows.

Tobeginwith,internethasgreatlyenhancedourworkefficiency,

rmore,theInternetenables

peopletocollectmoreandmoreufulinformationwithinaveryshortperiodof

portantofall,itistheInternetthatismakingourworld

smallerandimprovingtheunificationofglobaleconomy.

WhilewementiontheadvantagesoftheInternet,wecannot

,alotofstudentsspendanexcessiveamount

oftimeontheInternet,matters

wor,fall,

somepeoplemaycommitcrimesontheInternetandmakesomecompaniesor

evensomecountriessufferavereeconomicloss.

Inconclusion,whethergoodorbad,thetendencythattheInternet

isappealingtomoreandmorepeoplecannotbestoppedatleastinafew

ore,ItisadvisablethatsomerulesoftheInternetbelaid

wayalonecanweenjoythe

advantagesoftheInternet.

四、解决问题的方法（Howto…题型）

【套路1】

目前的现象及存在的问题（2至3个句子）

______________________________________________________________

__________________________________.

Manywayscancontributeto要解决的问题，butthefollowingonesmay

bemosteffective/ofall,第一种方法__（完整的句子）

__________________________________________________________.In

addition,第二种方法（不定式短语）_____________.Finally,第三种方法__（完整

的句子）_________________________________________

Tho/Thearenotthebestandtheonlythreewayswecan

houldbenotedthat使用这些方法时要注意的事项

____________________________________________.

【例文】

HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas

Nowadays,injobmarkets,employersinallwalksoflifelay

great/considerableemphasisontheircandidates’educationalbackground.A

growingnumberofcandidates,however,areusingavarietyoffakediplomas.

It’sunfairthatonefailstogethisjobjustbecauhisrivalhasgotafake

ore,fakediplomasdogreatharmtothejob

market.

Manywayscancontributetosolvingtheriousproblem，butthe

followingonesmaybemosteffective/fall,companiesand

universitiesshouldhaveaclocontactsothatfakediplomascannotplaytricks.

Inaddition,theonewhofabricatesthefakediplomasshouldbeverely

y,theoneusinga

fakediplomainekingemploymentshouldbedisqualifiedfromthejobmarket

yteachalessontoothers.

Tho/Thearenotthebestandtheonlythreewayswecanadopt.

Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrong/vigorous/effectiveactionsto

prohibitfakediplomas.

【例文】

HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas

Itisreportedthefloodingoffakediplomasisbecomingariousproblem

ployerslaymuchemphasisontheircandidates’education

background,avarietyof/differentkindsofdiplomamerge/appearinsociety.

Itisunfairthatonefailstogethisjobjustbecauhisrivalhasgotafake

ore,fakediplomasdoharmtothejobmarket.

Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthe

followingones,inmyopinion,fall,

companiesanduniversitiesshouldhaveaclocontactsothatthefake

tion,thowhofabricatethefakediplomas

y,

thowhoturnto/u/resorttofakediplomasinfindingjobsshouldbe

ygive

alessontoothers.

Thearenotthebestandtheonlythreemeasureswecantake.

Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionstoprohibitfake

diplomas.

【套路2】

目前的现象及存在的问题

.Inordertosolvethisproblem,veralmethods

mightbeadopted.

Oneoftheis第一种方法

.Anotherapproachis__

第二种方法.Themosteffective

methodis第三种方法

.

Inconclusion,themethodsIhavementionedaboveshouldneverbe

paratedfromeachother.希望

.

.

【例文】

HowtoSolvetheHousingProblem

ordertosolvethisproblem,veralmethodsmightbeadopted.

Oneoftheisthatmorehousshouldbeconstructedtosatisfythe

,however,thereisnotenoughspacein

thecenterofcities,rderforsuburban

houstobecomebetterplacesforpeopletoinhabit,itisnecessary/advisable

Toestablish/build/tupcorrespondentfacilitiessuchasbuslines,schools,

rapproachistorenovatealltho

metoenhancethequalityofhousandtoimprovethe

teffectivemethodistheimprovement

ansforbuyinghousshouldbeaccessibleto

governmentshouldmakerulestodecreatherentso

thatvacantroomscanbeavailabletolow-incometenants.

Inconclusion,themethodsIhavementionedaboveshould

relyhopethateffectiveactions

ner,thebetter.

【Assignment】

HowtoSolvetheProblemofOverpopulation

【作文预测】

HowtoEliminateFalAdvertiments

Nowadays,someadvertirstakeadvantagesofnewspapers,radioand

televisionprogramstodofaladvertimentswhichboasttheirproductsby

dvertiments

misleadconsumersanddamagethecreditofbusiness.

Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisriousproblem,butthe

fall,beforetheyare

published,alltheadvertimentsmustbecensoredbytheauthorities

ertiments

mustbeobjectiveandscientificandirrelevantpropagandamustbeforbidden.

Besides,themassmediashouldbeadvidnottoacceptanyadvertiments

ouldbelectiveanddiscriminatingin

y,lawsshouldbepasdtorestrainfal

rpublishesfaladvertimentsmustbearthelegal

responsibility.

shouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionstoeliminatefal

advertimentsandprotectconsumers’interests.