adversity

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

I

摘要

在缺乏生活必需品，安全没有保障的情况下，鲁宾逊在荒岛上生活了二十八

年之久，并且最终获救，他是怎样幸存下来的呢？通过对原著及相关书籍的研究，

解释鲁宾逊幸存的原因。在困境面前，他没有放弃希望、努力劳动、不断创新、

坚持不懈，最终创造自己生命的精彩。在这个物欲横流、经济高速腾飞的时代，

人们会不可避免的遇到一些困境和挫折。有些人能够从逆境中走出来，将不利变

为有利、绊脚石变为垫脚石。而有些人则会失去斗志，萎靡不振。他们的态度决

定他们能否战胜逆境。对不正确处理逆境的原因进行分析，找出正确处理逆境的

方法。通过这些方法帮助人们战胜逆境，创造属于他们自己的精彩。

关键词：鲁宾逊；逆境；态度；方法

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

II

Abstract

Underthesituationoflackingthenecessitiesofhislifeandnoguaranteeofhis

safety,Robinsonlivedonanisolatedislandfortwenty–eightyears,andfinallyrescued.

Howdidhesurvive?Badonthestudyoftheoriginalandrelatedbooks,Iwillexplain

ble,hedidn’tgiveuphope,stillhardwork,

innovation,persistence,money-centered,

high–speedeconomicboomtimes,peoplewillinevitablyencountersomedifficulties

oplecangooutofadversity,andturnastumblingblockintoa

steppingstone,ttitudesdetermine

hanalyzingthereasonsof

dealingwithadversityimproperly,summarizethewaysofdealingwithadversity

ehelpoftheways,peoplewillovercomeadversityandcreatetheir

ownsplendor.

Keywords：Robinson;adversity;attitudes;ways

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

III

Contents

Chapter1Thebriefintroductionoftheoriginalworks..............................................1

1.1Theintroductionoftheauthor............................................................................1

1.2Theintroductionofthecontent...........................................................................1

Chapter2Thereasonsofhissurvivalontheisolatedisland......................................3

2.1Hardwork...........................................................................................................3

2.2Makingplansontheisland.................................................................................6

2.3Innovation...........................................................................................................7

2.4Persistence..........................................................................................................8

Chapter3Prentsituationofdealingwithadversity..............................................10

3.1Thecausofdealingwithadversityimproperly.............................................10

3.2Thewaysofdealingwithadversityproperly....................................................12

3.2.1Recognizingtheadversityproperly...........................................................12

3.2.2Confrontingadversitywithhope...............................................................13

3.2.3Makingaplanforthefuture......................................................................14

3.2.4Innovation..................................................................................................15

3.2.5Beingperverant......................................................................................15

Conclusion.....................................................................................................................18

References......................................................................................................................19

Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................20

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

1

Chapter1Thebriefintroductionoftheoriginalworks

RobinsonCrusoeisthefirstandthemostoutstandingnovelwrittenbyDaniel

Defoe.(范存忠,1981:198)Ifeverthestoryofanyprivateman’sadventuresinthe

worldwereworthmakingpublic,andwereacceptablewhenpublished,Robinson

Crusoewillbeso.(ZengChongming,2005:1)YoucanimaginethatRobinsonCrusoe

gainsafavorablereception.

1.1Theintroductionoftheauthor

TheauthorofRobinsonCrusoe,DanielDefoe,wasborninagoodcommercial

nceabusinessman,whorantheenterpriof

underclothes,ivedthroughsomedifficulties,buthe

ile,heshowedushis

ho

experiencespavedthewayofthoughtandtechniqueoftheaccomplishmentofhis

,thesuccessofRobinsonCrusoeisnotoccasional.

Itwasnotuntil1719,attheageofsixty,

atonceimmenlysuccessful,id

thatbesidesBible,,thebookhas

’sinfluenceontheevolution

oftheEnglishnovelinormous,soheisrememberedasthefirstimportantEnglish

novelistandagreatimaginativewriter.(WangSongnian,2002:40)

1.2Theintroductionofthecontent

ItiswellknownthatRobinsonCrusoeisagreatcharacterbyDanielDefoe.

ThoughRobinsonisafictitiousgreatperson,hetellspeoplethetruththatweshould

onCrusoe’orn

athersaid,―Itwasthebeststateintheworld,

themostsuitedtohumanhappiness,notexpodtothemiriesandhardships,the

laborandsufferingsofthemechanicpartofmankindandnotembarrasdwiththe

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

2

pride,luxury,ambition,andenvyoftheupperpartofmankind‖.(DanielDefoe,2003:3)

Butowingtohisramblingthoughtsaboutgoingtothea,hebrokelootobeasailor

againsthisparents’unately,hewascaughtbyTurkishbuccaneersand

eoftheunbearablelife,heescapedfromhis

nsomeonesuggestedgoingtotheatobuyandll

Negroes,steppedonhiswayto

aythere,theywerecaughtinaviolentstorm,which

rivenbythecurrentanddriftedto

on’slifeon

on’stwenty–eightyears

ntingsuchanadversity,

Robinsonshowedhisamazingwillpowerandstaunchlife–showedpeople

uchanadvercircumstance,heovercame

variousdifficultiesandcreatedsplendorofhislife.

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

3

Chapter2Thereasonsofhissurvivalontheisolated

island

SuppodthatthemanwhowasdertedonthedesolatedislandwasnotRobinson,

theresult?ThereasonwhyRobinsonsurvivedisnothisluck,but

hestudyoftheoriginalworksandsomerelated

books,IsummarysomereasonsofRobinson’ssurvivalontheislandwithlimited

necessities.

2.1Hardwork

Robinson’

hetooktheremainedthingsfromtheshipwhichhadnotsunkintothea,heexpected

ehadfastenedhisrafttobestrong

enoughtobearanyreasonableweight,hisnextcarewaswhattoloaditwithandhowto

prervewhathelainuponitfromthesurfofthea.―[…]havingconsideredwell

whatImostwanted,Ifirstgotthreeoftheamen’schests,whichIhadbrokenopen

andemptied,andloweredthemdownuponmyraft[…]‖.(WuWeiren,1988:178)He

atfirstloadedprovisionsuchassomebread,rice,threeDutchchees,fivepiecesof

driedgoatsflash,foundsomeclothesforthey

wantedmostwasthecarpenter’schest,inwhich

thereweremanyvaluabletools,forhispurpoofcultivatingtheislandforhissurvival.

Hisnextcarewasforsomeammunitionandarms,becautheycouldprevent

onbroughtawayallthe

sailsfirstandlast,cuttingthemintopiecesandbroughtasmuchatatimeashecould,

―fortheywerenomoreufultobesails,butasmerelycanvassonly‖.(DanielDefoe,

2003:103)ThesailswerenolongeraufulthingforRobinsonwhowasaloneinthe

island,butthecanvassshouldbeudtocoverhishabitationandtomakeclothes.

Whenhewasatthesightofthemoney:

Ismiledtomylfatthesightofthismoney.―Odrug!‖saidIaloud,

―whatartthougoodfor?Thouartnotworthtome,no,notthetakingoffof

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

4

theground;oneofthoknivesisworthallthisheap;Ihavenomannerof

uforthee,e’enremainwherethouartandgotothebottomasacreature

wholifeisnotworthsaving.‖(DanielDefoe,2003:44-45)

Actually,moneywouldnolongershowitsvalueinsuchanisolatedisland,whathe

wantedatthatsituationwasfood,chun

mentionsthatifRobinsondidnotgetthenecessityoflife,maybehewouldbeeatenby

theanimalorsavages.(金留春,1979:134)Robinson’slabormethisbasicdemandand

madehimsurvivedinthisisland.

AfterRobinsonhadsurvivedtheisland,hebegantoconsiderthecurityof

binsonwasdertedtotheisolatedisland,hewas,ineffect,flopped

orshouldbeginwithnothing.

Thoughhehadbroughtsomenecessityfromtheship,theyturnedtobelimitedforhis

lifeontheisolatedisland,oexplorethe

saidinhisbookthatRobinson

wasactuallyamanintheprimitivesocietywiththeconceptofbourgeoisie.(欧权,2004:

375)EngelssaidRobinsonwasarealcapitalist.(IanWatt,1951:214)Hefeltfortunate

tofindthathewasstillalive,butthenextfearcomeoutofhismindthathemightbe

criptionofRobinson’smood

showedhisgreatdesireforsafety.

―[…]neitherdidIeanyprospectbeforeme,butthatofperishing

withhunger,orbeingdevouredbywildbeasts;andthatwhichwas

particularlyafflictingtome,was,thatIhadnoweaponeithertohuntand

dillanycreatureformysustenance,ortodefendmylfagainstanyother

creaturethatmightdesiretodillmefortheirs[…]‖.(DanielDefoe,2003:

98)

Tokeeponeinastateofsafety,thefirstresponistokeepdistancefromdanger.

Itisalsotheeffectualwayandtheonlywaytoprerveone’slifeinsuchadesperate

ongotupintoathickbushytreewhichgrewnearhim,andwherehe

resolvedtositallnight,andconsiderthenextday―whatdeathheshoulddye‖hecuta

on’sfirststepofbuilding

hishabitationwastoviewthecountry,andekaproperplaceforhishabitationwhere

gotonthe

rafttogetthingsfromtheship,hewas―undersomeapprehensionsduringmyabnce

fromtheland,thatatleastmyprovisionsmightbedevouredonshore‖havingfinished

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

5

histransportationofprovisions,hewentbacktohislittletentwhere―Ilaywithallmy

wealthaboutmeverycure‖hebuildsturdyfenceanddoornotonlyforthepurpoof

protectinghimlf,butalsofortheinsuranceofhiswealth.(DanielDefoe,2003:

100)Whathehaddoneguaranteedhissafetyontheisolatedisland.

Atthefirstyears,Robinson’slifeontheislandwasactuallyaprimitivestatewhen

healmostmaintainedhislifebygathering,huntingandfishing,whichincreadhis

edgoatsandbirdsintheforest,whichsolvedhis

problemofhisfooddemand,edforwild

actionofthisperiodwas

justlikethatofmeninprimitivesocietyandtookhimgreatenergybecauofhis

ikethowhoalwaysdotheirhuntingand

collectioningroup,hecarriedouthisactionalone,whichaddedthehardshipofhis

labor.―[…]nooneinasinglelifecouldclaimthesatisfactionofvictory,butonlyof

continuanceandsurvival‖.(ChristopherGillie,1972:200)

ShortlyafterRobinson’scollectionandhunting,hebegantochangehisproducing

tingwildfruitsandhuntingnolongersatisfiedRobinsonwhobeganto

dveryhardtocatchsome

edgoatsprovidedhimalarge

caughtsomeparrotsand

ghitwasnotforthepurpo

ofprovidinghimfood,itenrichedRobinson’slifeonthedesolatedislandandwhat’s

more,itwasareflectionofthedevelopmentofanimalhusbandryinthisisland.

Hedecoratedhishabitationandenlargedthespaceofittomakesurehelived

comfortableandinsafety,iallyfailed

ofreapinganycropsfromhisfield,buthedidn’rvedthechangeofthe

dtodividethedryasonandtherainyason.

Thoughhefailedtoenjoyhisharvest,hetriedanotherattemptandbythixperiment

hewasmademasterofhisbusiness,andknewexactlywhentheproperasonwasto

e;andthathemightexpecttwoedtimes,andtwoharvestveryyear.

TamingandfarminghadnotonlyprovidedRobinsonfoodandhadhisproperty

accumulated,lsosaythatitwashis

lebelievedthattheinitialmeaningofcivilization

wasadesirefortheprogressofculture,technique,moralityandofthesociety.(布鲁代

尔,1997:125)Duringhiswork,hegatheredtheexperienceofsurvivingtheisland,

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

6

masteredthelawofthenatureandaftermanypracticeandattempt,hemasteredmany

on’sworkcivilizedhimand

getshimclortotheperfect.

Robinsonwasnotonlyrichinsubstance,―wasso

naturalizedtotheplace‖andhe―hadalsoarrivedtosomelittlediversionsand

amuments,whichmadethetimepassmorepleasantly‖withhimagreatdealthanit

didbefore.(DanielDefoe,2003:222)Itwasclearthathislaborenrichedhisspiritual

todespairofhislifeontheisolatedisland,buthisbeliefandtheBible

illedwithwild

ambitionandconviction,Robinsoncontinuedhisbusinesstillthelastminute.

Onthedesolatedisland,Robinsondidhislevelbesttoovercomeallthebumpsand

dworkwasnotonlyforsurvivalandcurity,butalsofor

well–on’sadventuresimplydifferentWestern

elsingsasongof―thedignityoflabor,‖asloganwhichthe

bourgeoisieudtojustifytheiraccumulationofwealththroughdiligentworkand

elf–eedsincreatinganewlifethrough

hisownefforts.(ZhangDingquan,2002:78)Ifhehadgivenupatthebeginningorhe

hadnotworkedhardradically,hemighthavebeendead,letalonecreatingthesplendor.

2.2Makingplansontheisland

―SothatIhadatolerableviewofsubsistingwithoutanywantaslongas

Ilived;forIconsideredfromthebeginninghowIwouldprovideforthe

accidentsthatmighthappenandforthetimethatwastocome,evennot

onlyaftermyammunitionshouldbespent,butevenaftermyhealthor

strengthshoulddecay.‖(DanielDefoe,2003:50)

Fromthis,raninto

theadversity,hecoulddealwithitcalmly,andhecouldconsiderhisfuturerationally.

inson

mple,hemadeaplanforhisdaily

work:everymorninghewalkedoutwithhisgunfortwoorthreehoursifitdidnotrain,

thenworkeduntilabouteleveno’clock,thenatewhathehad,andlaydowntosleep

fromtwelvetotwoastheweatherwaxcessivelyhot,andthencontinuedtoworkuntil

plansnotonlyforhisdailyworkbutalsoforhisfood,bulletsand

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

7

riedhisbesttofind

meshewenthunting,whichhecouldgetsomemeatfor

gotnotonlymilkbutalsosomemutton.

enitisquitenecessary,hewould

ispowder,heconsidereditcarefully;heparatedhisstockofpowder

dthemaccordingtohisplan.

Becauhedidnotknowhowlonghewouldliveontheisland.

Owingtohisconsiderationandplansforhisfuturelife,hecouldliveontheisland

thatRobinsondidnotconsiderhisfuturelifeanddidnot

makeariesofplansforit,hespenthisfood,bulletscasually,andhowcouldhelive

on?Nooneknows.

2.3Innovation

ThoughRobinsongotalotofthingsfromtheshipthatwrecked,hewasstillshort

ofsomenecessity,suchasatableandachair,abasket,someearthenveslsandastone

facedtheshortageofthenecessity,hedidnotgiveupbutthinkof

sadistinctionbetweenhumanandanimals.

Engelssaidthatnevercananapemakeaknifeevenifastoneknifeofawfulshape.(恩

格斯,1972:509)

othave

ca

iswor,edaknifetocarveon

thestonesandtrees.

Withoutatable,hecouldnotwrite,ttoworkand

ittookhimalotof

timeandlabor,nheneededabasketinhislife,hetriedmany

heknewthemethods,hedidnothavethe

ingcarefully,hefoundthetwigswhichwereastoughastheosiersin

yhesucceeded.

othesoilstructure,

avingworkedhardtofindtheclay,hemadesomejars

eofahappyaccident,hefoundabrokenpieceofone

ofhiarthenveslsburntashardasastone,whichbroughthimanideaofburningthe

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

8

didso,andhesucceededinmakingsomeveslsandsomepots.

ecessitiesgavehimsomeinterest

oflife.

Thoughhehadsomecertainnecessityoflife,hewasstillinlackofastonemortar.

Heplantedbarleyandrice,soheneededastonemortartopoundthemintopowderto

asunqualifiedforastonecutter,andthestonewasinsolidrock

greatdealoftimewaswastedin

archingforit,hegaveitup,andresolvedtolookforagreatblockofhardwood

shedit,andheatethebreadmadebyhimatlast,whichprovided

Robinsonmorefoodandmadehislifemorewonderful.

AsRobinsonsaidthatreasonisthesubstanceandoriginalofthemathematics,so

bystatingandsquaringeverythingbyreasonandbymakingthemostrationaljudgment

ofthings,everymanmaybeintimemasterofeverymechanicart.(DanielDefoe,2003:

58)Robinsonhadneverhandledatoolinhislife,buthecouldmakeoutwhathe

wantedthroughhislabor,ysbroughtnewideasto

solvehisspinyproblems,

edasifitwasakingdomofhim.

ThoughRobinsonwasunfortunate,herefreshedandbegantoplanforhisownlife;

thoughhewasinlackofmanythings,hetriedhisbesttomakethemout,nottojust

thinkaboutwhathewanted;thoughthethingshemadewerenotgoodenough,they

couldbeufulinhislife;thoughhemetwithmanydifficulties,

last,helivedacomfortablelifethroughhisinnovationandinvention.

2.4Persistence

Twenty–ytwenty–eightyearsaretherein

allinone’slife?Itisdifficulttoliveonanislandlackingofnecessitiesforapersonfor

insonsurvived.

ohisrebelliousthoughtsaboutsailing,

hehastoconfrontever–hedealwiththeadversity

well?Persistenceisthemostimportantfactor.

Whetherhelooksforwardtoencounteradversityornot,theanswerisabsoluteno.

ryobvioustoethat

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

9

theadversitycameunexpectedly,andRobinson

alsocomplainedabouthisconditioninthebeginning,hecanconverthisthoughtto

anotherone:

Butsomethingalwaysreturnedswiftuponmetocheckthethoughts,

andtoreproveme;andparticularlyoneday,walkingwithmyguninmy

handbytheaside,Iwasverypensiveuponthesubjectofmyprent

condition,whenReason,asitwere,expostulatedwithmet’otherway,thus:

―Well,youareinadesolatecondition,’tistrue,butprayremember,where

aretherestofyou?Didnotyoucomeelevenofyouintotheboat?Where

aretheten?Whywerenottheysavedandyoulost?Whywereyousingled

out?Isitbettertobehere,orthere?‖ls

aretobeconsideredwiththegoodthatisinthemandwithwhatwor

attendsthem.(DanielDefoe,2003:49)

ItisjustasRobinsonsaidthatuponthewhole,herewasanundoubtedtestimony,

thattherewastheworstconditionintheworldsomirable,buttherewassomething

negativeorsomethingpositivetobethankfulforinit;andletthisstandasadirection

fromtheexperienceofthemostmirableofallconditionsintheworld,thatwemay

alwaysfindinitsomethingtocomfortourlvesfromandtotinthedescriptionof

goodandevilonthecreditsideoftheaccount.

Robinsonmadeacomparisonbetweentheevilandgood,andunderstoodthathe

sworthyof

wenton,helearnedtotakemoreuponthebrightsideofhiscondition,

andlessuponthedarkside,andtoconsiderwhatheenjoyedratherthanwhathewanted.

Somebodythinksthatifonegetsgreatprestige,hewilllothefreedomthatthe

ordinaryhave;ifonegetnormouswealth,hewilllotheeawhenheissleeping;if

onegetsbriskbusiness,hewillloalotoftime….Inaword,ifeveryonecanthinkof

hisowngainandlossriously,hewillfindthatthereisreallossinvaryingdegreesin

theprocessofgaining.

ingthetwenty–eight

years,Robinsonlivedcomfortablyandcreatedhisown―kingdom‖.Thisattributestohis

runintosomedifficulties,heneverlostheart,andovercamethe

,on

createdthesplendorofhislife,whichastonishedmanypeople.

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

10

Chapter3Prentsituationofdealingwithadversity

Nowadays,peoplewillnothaveexperienceslikeRobinson’plewillmeet

lpeoplefaceuptoadversity?Inreallife,nobody’slife

opleareputinto

suchsurroundings,theyarealwaysfullofcomplaint,ng

fromRobinson’xperiences,peopleshouldlearnhismethodsandattitudestowards

adversity,confrontadversityproperlyandcreatesplendoroftheirownlives.

3.1Thecausofdealingwithadversityimproperly

Therearedivercausofdealingwithadversitywrongly,whichcanbedivided

intotwogroups:oneistheexteriorcau,ophicaljargon

istheinteriorreasondeterminestheexteriorone.

edevelopmentofthesociety,people’s

areaccustomedtoenjoya

eygetintotrouble,tance,

ayoungmanhasalreadybeenudtoenjoyascendantlifethathisparentsprovidefor

entsspoilhimexceedinglysothathewillrelyonthementirelyandcannot

belf–ayhisparentscannotprovidesuchascendantconditionfor

him,whatwillhedo?

hemaynotendurethepressure,maygotoofar,

peoplethinkthowhocanovercometheadversityaresuccessful,theexteriorpressure

becomesoneobstacleontheway.

alway

alwaysfeel

eybegintobenegativeandcomplain.

Fearandlf–annotbear

them,anoldsayinggoes:Optimismmeans

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

11

expectingthebest,

tance,Beethoven,afamousmusician,

continuedtocompoafterhisdeafness,andcreatedtheworld–

ronecanovercomethe

oplecannottreattheadversity

properlyexceptabove–vesomewrongideasofdealingwith

adversity.

Somepeopleregardtheadversityastheextremewhichtheycannotconvert.

Conquently,theyloheart,makenoefforttogetout,

isaparableabouttwofrogs:twofrogsfellintoapotwhichwasfilledwithsomewater.

sankquickly.

g

sanktothebottomofthepotbecameanornamentalanimal,

iasytoknowthetruththatadversityisdifferentfromextremity.

esufferstheunfairtreatment,hewillcomplain

fact,,thewriterofTheHunchbackofNotreDame,waxpelled

bythedominator,ayhealwaysthrewa

ravechildaskedhimthereasonforit,hesaidthathe

overcametheadversity,created

splendorofhisownandachievedalotinhiscareer.

Peoplewhoarenotforesightedanddonotcreatetochangetheconditionsinplight

ipeoplewholiveinadversityareeagerfor

isalways

negativeandwaitsforthechancewithoutconsideringthefutureorcreatingthechance

willbebeatenfinally.

Besides,anoldsayinggoes:―No

pain,nogain‖.Ariesofhumanbeing’sdiscoveriesandcreations,thetransformation

Nobel’sbombandColumbia’sdiscovery

evertakesariskormakesany

mistakes,snotwillingtoreadapassageinEnglish,

ultisthathecanneverreada

esameasthetruththatonewhodoesnothavethespiritof

allyin

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

12

today’sbusiness,erunsintoadversityin

business,hehastotakeariskandbringforthnewideastopullthroughthecrisis.

Otherwiitwillbedifficultforhimtomoveevenonestepforward.

erthe

thingis,peopleshouldkeepdoingandnevergiveitupuntiltheyachievethefinal

,some

rsueeverythingwithgreat

y,ontrary,

rsistin

nd,

adversity,peopleshouldbeactivetothinkoftheirfutureandcreateconditionsto

overcomethedifficulties.

3.2Thewaysofdealingwithadversityproperly

Ifonewantstobesuccessfulinadversity,hemustknowhowtodealwithadversity

stasanoldsayinggoesthatknowyourlfaswellastheenemy,thento

beever–llrecommendsomewaysofdealingwithadversity

properly.

3.2.1Recognizingtheadversityproperly

recognizingtheadversity

ityhas

ityreferstoastate

ofmisfortuneorafflictioninone’slife,suchasmisfortuneofafamily,theattackofthe

naturaldisastersandsomethinglikethewhichbringsafflictiontothebodyandmind.

nthestudent,whohasnotpasd

theexam,suffersthepressureofthesocietyandfamily,itcanbecalledbeinginthe

adversity.

extent,ifonecanrecognize

theadversityproperly,takeadvantageofthechance,createtheconditionandchangethe

badfactorsintothegoodones,hecanchangeadversityintoagoodstateandturna

gnizantoftheadversityproperlyanddare

tofaceuptotheadversity,treattheadversityasveretest,onecanmakeadversitya

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

13

flashingpointofhisownlifelikeRobinsonCrusoe.

TakeSangLanasanexample:SangLan,ourfamousnationalgymnast,tookpart

soindustriousthatshedidthe

ehelpofthestrictcoach,shecould

masterthespiritofthegymnastic,soshefinallygotthequalificationoftakingpartin

enwinsthegoldenmedal,butwhenshewasconcentrated

inthegreatjoys,at

timeon,shebecameahandicappedwoman,andcouldnotstillstayinherlovedand

erashorttimefor

sadness,shefinallyovercameherlfwiththeconsolationandhelpofherfamily

members,ldfeelabundleof

lightisshootingatherinthedarkness;sheconvertedherdespairtohope,andaccepted

iencescouldeherbrightsmileappearingonherface

ewasinadversity,notabsorbherlfinthe

sadnessforalongtime,

wshe

coulddoaswellasagymnast,ldlearnfromher.

3.2.2Confrontingadversitywithhope

oncesaid:―Wherethereislifethereishope.‖(CaiNingning,2004:89)It

iasytoethathopeisveryimportantinlife,ame

adversity,onewholoshisownbeliefonceherunsintotheadversitywillbenever

successful,whileonewhowillnotgiveupeasilywillsucceedafterovercomingalotof

onehashopeinhismind,andhenevergivesitup,willhebe

successfulatlast.

Inadversity,therearetwokindsofpeople:oneisthowhohavenohopeintheir

lives;nd,thelatterwillgetout

andhopearepowerfulsupport

in,afamousscientist,

squestionscould

notbeexplainedbythelawofNewton,hemaderearchonnatureconstantly,and

eisdying,hewillthinkabout

ewhocommitsuicideweregivenachancetomakeachoice

again,efacesuptofailure,heshouldnevergive

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

14

withhopesallthetime,

Robinsonchotogiveuphishopeatthebeginning,hecouldnotwaitforbeingsaved.

Santiago,theheroofHemingway’sfamousnovelTheOldManandtheSeadoesnot

catchasinglefishforeighty–farout

ratestruggleensuesinwhichSantiago

managestokillthefishandtieittohisboat,onlytofindthatonthewayhomehehasto

fightamoredesperatestrugglewithsomedangerousgiantsharks,whicheatupthe

marlin,manbringsithomeandgoestobedtodream,

thavebeengivingupfishing,becauhis

daughterhasajobinthetownandshecansupportherfather’antsto

ghhedoesnothaveenoughfoodtoeat,hedoesnot

rontsadversitywithhope,andhebelievesthathecanchangehis

currentsituation.

ityisalsoyourgreatest

nyouarepushed,tormented,

anddefeated,youwillacquiregreatknowledge,foronlythenwillyoubecome

versityengulfsyouisthebest

ingyourlfinthedarkestmomentsthateveryfailureis

onlyasteptowardsuccess,everydetectionofwhatisfaldirectsyoutowardwhatis

true,everytrialexhaustssometemptingformoferror,andeveryadversitywillonly

thwillbepeacefulandsmooth.

3.2.3Makingaplanforthefuture

eisin

adversity,

musthaveaplantohelpthemfinishallthethings,ortheywillbeverybusyandcan’t

y,speopleknow

ly,aplancanhelp

rderofdoingthingsmakespeoplehappierandrelaxed.

Peoplecandothingsquicklyandefficientlyandtheywillbeinterestedineverything

y,smallplanswillhelppeopleknowhowtomakea

bigplan—oplewanttomakehislifebetterandbetter,he

shouldplanallthethingshewilldo,andatlastmakeagoodplanforhisownlife.

Inadversity,shedoesnotmakeaplan

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

15

forthefuture,binsonasanexample,he

madeariesofplansabouthisfood,hisbullets,

e

riedtotrainthesheepsothathedidnotwastesomanybulletsto

shouldbe

thechancethathecangetoutofitcomes,stasthe

amplepreparation

ands

preferthowhoarewellpreparedforthem.

3.2.4Innovation

Peoplealwaysthinkof―discovery‖or―invention‖whentalkingaboutinnovation.

I

thinkthattofindsomethingnewandinventsomethingnewistobringforthnewideas.

Onthewhole,tobringforthnewideascontainsnotonlyinventionanddiscoverybut

alsothemethodstosolvetheprobleminlifeandwork,andnewpointsofviewtotreat

theproblems.

Ifonedoesnotknowadaptation,andhelackstheabilitytobeflexible,hewillbe

tionalwayshelpspeopletosolvetheproblem

mple,Robinsonalwaysthoughtofsome

deverythingwithfixedrule,

ohisabilityto

bringforthnewideas,ideashelpedhimovercome

opleareconfrontingsometroublesomeproblem,theyshouldtry

tobreakawayfromconventions,andthinkabouttheproblemfromanewprospective,

whichmayhelptosolveitmorequickly.

3.2.5Beingperverant

newillbe

asnoenduringconstancyofpurpo

andwillpower,opleareinvolvedinto

adversity,yalwaysbelongs

derstandthemeaningand

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

16

valueoflife,eoplewhoshrinkback

onwasdiscardedontheislandfor

twenty–evesthat―apersonjust

affordtosit,notutopianownthing,thereisnou,‖handstodo,toopenupforhimis

an―absolutetruth.‖Inordertobreaktheshipontotheislandwereallufulitems,he

haspainstakinglyoverthirtyorfortytimesaroundtheboard;inordertodoafloor,he

waswillingtospend42daystime;inordertobuildaplaceofrefuge,hetent,tree

fences,openthecave;inordertomaketheirownlivedaveryrich,hedomesticated

wildanimals,heheavylabor,hefinallycreated

hisown―littlekingdom‖,thislittlekingdom,inadditiontothelackofassistants,

onhadbeenperverantforsuchalongtime,andwassaved

finally.

PeoplewillnotbeunfortunatelikeRobinsonwhowaspersistentforsuchalong

ntingadversitywithcertainpersistence,peoplewillgetoutofitatlast.

TaketheLongMarchasanexample:theRedArmymetmanydifficultiesinthe

thattheyshrankbackatthatmoment,whatabouttoday’snew

China?Iftheywerenotpersistentinovercomingthedifficulties,today’sChinacould

notberich,otheRedArmy’spersistence,they

experiencedallkindsofhardships,y

eyestablishedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

Inadversity,peopleshouldlooksquarelyatit,andthentheycanovercomeit.

Havingthedeterminationtoovercomethedifficultyandmakingpersistentefforts,

thesayinggoes:

oneisremittingtotheend,hewillgettothesummitof

cansafelydrawtheconclusionthatpersistenceleadstothefinalsuccess.

’tjustcomeupwithanambitiousplanandwait

foraproperdatetogetastart.

Marketingsuccesscretsofahomelessmanisthattenacityinthefaceof

ectedgreatpersistence,nomatterthetimeofday—earlymorning,

middayorlateevening,youwillfindhimplyinghistrade—beggingbytheroadside.

Infact,onmanydays,evenininclementweather,youcouldfindhim,muchtothejeers

ever

sistencecaushimtothriveatgettingagood

numberof―donations‖smaybemeasuredbythereachingof

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

17

goalstonadaily,weekly,monthly,tgetaclear

pictureofsuccessinyourhead,otherwihowwillyouknowwhenyougetthere?Only

youpersisttotheendwillyoubesuccessful.

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

18

Conclusion

RobinsonCrusoe’cametheadversity

thestorywasoverstated,theauthorgained

agooddealofenlightenmentfromaScotlandsailorin18thcentury,andthenwrotethis

on’sattitudestowardsadversitytell

onehasthe

couragetoovercomeit,andheorshehastheproperattitudesandmethodstowardsit,

heorshewillgetoutofitandcreatethesplendorofhisownlife.

ywillnothavetheexperiences

likeRobinson’

peopleareinanadversity,ouldfaceuptoit

calmly,notgiveupthehope,eywill

onedoesnotgiveup,andcracka

smileinadversity,,

comingthroughtheadversity,andundergoingtheanneal,onewillfindthebeautyoflife

waysaysthatlifewillnever

ouldadjustour

mentalitieswelltoconfrontadversityandconvertadversityintofavorable

nconfrontadversityproperly,ourlifewillbemoreperfectand

isnotalwaysblue;waterisnotalwaysclear;grassisnotalwaysgreen;

willfalland

ld

couragetofight,totakeaction,topursue,ewillincrea

ourconfidenceandwewillbesuccessfulatlast.

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

19

References

ationalSayingofManagingLife[M].Beijing:ChinaSanxiaPress,

2004.

yofAmericanliterature[M].Tianjing:NankaiUniversityPress,

2003.

Daniel,onCrusoe[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiWorldBookPublishersLtd,

2003.

Gillie,niontoBritishLiterature[M].Washington:Longman

GroupLtd,1972,1977.

onCrusoeasaMyth:AQuarterlyJournalofliteraryCriticismApril[C]

1951.

edReadinginEnglishLiterature[M].Shanghai:Shanghai

TransportationUniversityPress,2002.

yandAnthologyofEnglishLiterature[M].Beijing:Foreign

LanguageTeachingandRearchPress,1988.

onCrusoe[M].Beijing:LongMarchPress,2005.

nciHistoryofEnglishLiterature[M].Shanghai:Foreign

LanguageEducationPress,2002.

布鲁代尔.文明史:过去解释现在时资本论丛[M].顾良,孙慧君译.北京：中央

编译出版社,1997.12.

恩格斯.《自然辩证法》马克思选集(第3卷)[M].欧林译.北京：宗教文化出

版社,1988.7.

范存忠.英国文学论集[M].北京:外国文学出版社,1981.

金留春.资产阶级海外拓殖民者的形象—读《鲁宾逊漂流记》[M].南昌:江西人

民出版社,1979.

林耀华.原始社会史[M].北京：中央编译出版社,1990.12.

欧权.影响中学生的80部书[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2003.1.

张均,杨惠滨.性格与命运[M].长春:时代文艺出版社,2000.

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

20

Acknowledgements

Iamgreatlyindebtedtoanumberofpeople,withoutwhohelpthisthesiscould

estgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttoProfessor,my

supervisorLongYufei,alked

thisconsistentand

illuminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditsprentform.

ve

instructedandhelpedmealotinthepastfouryears.