compod

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第一次作业：

yanswerthefollowingquestions.

（1）Whatdoeswellstreamconsistof?

A：Wellfluidsareoftenacomplexmixtureofliquidhydrocarbons,gas,

andsomeimpurities.

（2）Howcouldproducedwaterbehandled?

A:(1)injectionintoundergroundsaltwaterbearingformations,(2)

injectionintooilbearingundergroundrervoirsfromwhichtheoiland

waterisproducedand(3)disposalofcarefullytreatedwaterintothe

oceanfromoffshoreproductionplatforms.

（3）Whydoweldedtanksneedtobeinternallycoated？

A:Weldedtankscanbeinternallycoatedtoprotectthemfromcorrosion.

（4）Whyshouldproducedwaterbecarefullytreatedbefore

beingdispodintotheoceanfromoffshoreproduction

platforms?

A:Becauproducedwatermaycaupollutionproblemsifit

isnotcarefullytreated.

ougiveadefinitiontoeachofthefollowingconcepts?

（1)parator：Theequipmentmostwidelyudfortheparationof

naturalgasfromliquids.

（2）gasplant：Itisaplantwherenaturalgasisproduced.

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（3)heat-treater：Itistheequipmentusthermal，gravity,and

sometimeschemicaland/orelectricalmethodstobreakemulsions.

（4)storagetank：Itistheequipmentudtostorecleanoilorpipeline

oil.

（5)tankbattery：Itisthesystemofparation,treatingandstorage

facilities.

（6)producedwater：Itisthewaterthatisproducedfromoilandgas

well.

（7)Wellfluidsorwellstream:Wellfluidsareoftenacomplex

mixtureofliquidhydrocarbons，gas,andsomeimpurities.

（8)Gashydrates:Gashydratesareicelikecrystallinecompounds

formedinnaturalgasintheprenceoffreewaterunderconditionsof

highpressureandturbulence.

ratesomeequipments(2or3)udintheprocessofoil.

A:parators,heater-treaters,gunbarrel.

第二次作业

Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions.

enecessaryfortheformationofastableemulsion?

A:Threeconditionsarenecessaryfortheformationofastable

emulsion.

(1)Theliquidsmustbeimmiscible.

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(2)Theremustbesufficientagitationtodisperoneliquidasdroplets

intheother.

(3)Theremustbeanemulsifyingagent,oremulsifier，prent。

theemulsifiersactasintheemulsion?

A:Eachoftheemulsifiersusuallyoccursasafilmonthesurfaceof

thedisperddroplets.

ytypesofoil-wateremulsionarefound?

A:Therearethreetypes:oil-in-wateremulsions,water-in-oilemulsions,

(oil-in-water)-in-oilemulsions.

ratesomeemulsifierscommonlyfoundinpetroleum

emulsion.

A:Includeasphalt;resinoussub-stances;oilsolubleorganicacids；and

otherfinelydividedmaterialsthataremoresoluble，wettable,or

nelydividedsolidsareiron,zinc

anda-luminumsulfates,calciumcarbonate，silica,andironsulfide.

第三次作业

Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions.

（1)Whatarethehydratescompodof?

A:Thehydratesarecompodofhydrocarbonsandwater.

(2)Whatarethefactorsthatinfluencethehydrateformation?

A:Thefactorsarewatercontent，temperatureandpressureofthegas

streamandthegascomposition,

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(3)whatisthefunctionofhydrateinhibitors?

A:Hydrateinhibitorsareudtolowerthefreezingpointofwatervapor

soastopreventhydrateformation.

(4)whatistheprincipleofdehydrationofnaturalgas?

A:Theprincipleofdehydrationofnaturalgasistoremovethewaterin

thenaturalgas.

(5)whatdoes"dew-pointdepression"mean?

A:Dew-pointdepressionistolowerthetemperatureatwhichthenatural

gasissaturatedwithwaterundercertainpressure.

(6)whatisthemean,chief,principledifferencebetween

liquid-desiccantandsolid-desiccant?

A:Theliquid-desiccantistheliquid-typedehydratorwhichabsorbs

waterinthenaturalgas，whilethesolid-desiccantisthesolid-type

dehydratorwhichadsorbswaterinthe

naturalgas,

(7)whatdoesatypicalsolid-desiccantdehydratorconsistof?

A:Thesolid-desiccantdehydratorconsistsofaninlet-gasstream

parator，twoormoreadsorptiontowers，ahigh-temperatureheater,a

regeneration-gascooler，aregeneration-gasparator,andthingssuch

aspiping，manifolds,switchingvalves，andcontrolsthatdirectand

controltheflowofgas.

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Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingthefigure.

heflowdiagramofgasdehydration.

A:Naturalgasatlinetemperatureandpressureentersnearthebottom

oftheabsorberandristhroughthecolumnwhereitisintimately

contactedbyaleanglycolsolutionflowingdownwardacrossbubble

gthetop

tray,thegaspassthroughmist-extractorelements*sweepsthe

glycol-coolingcoilslocatedintheupperendoftheabsorberfandpass

quantityoithisdrygasiswithdrawnfromthe

absorberdischargeforuasfuelandinstrumentgas.

heflowdiagramofglycolcycle.

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A:Theleanglycolsolutionentersatthetopoftheabsorberandflows

ecooling

coils,theglycolisdischargedinintimatecontactwiththeascendinggas;

thisactiondehydratesthegasanddilutestheglycolatthesametime.

Thedilutesolutioncollectsinthebaoftheabsorberfromwhichpoint

e，thesolutionis

heatedinacoilimmerdintheglycolsurgetankandthendischarged

intothestripper,oncentrated

glycolsolutionaccumulatesinthereboilerwhereitreachesmaximum

temperature,overflowsintotheglycolsurgetankswhereitispartially

cooledbyheatexchangetothediluteglycolinthecoil,andflowsby

gravitytothepumpsuction^Thepumpdischargestheconcentrated

solutionintothecoolingcoilintheabsorber，thuscompletingthecycle.

hefunctionofthefollowingdevices:parator,

absorber,surgetank,stripper,reboiler.

A:parator:parateofnaturalgasfromliquids.

absorber:Heretheglycolabsorbwatervaporfromgas.

surgetank:thesolutionisheatedinacoilimmerdinthe

glycolsurgetank

Stripper:whereglycolareparatedfromwaterbyfractional

distillation.

Reboiler:

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hefollowdiagramofdehydration.

A:Fig.1-19isaflowdiagramofatwo-towersolid-desiccant

-in-let-gasstreamfirstpassthroughan

efficientinletparatorwherefreeliquids，entrainedmist，andsolid

iventime，oneofthetowerswillbeon

streamintheadsorbingordryingcycleandtheothertowerwillbeinthe

lautomaticallyoperated

switchingvalvesandacontrollerroutetheinletgasandregenera-tion

lly,atowerwillbeon

theadsorbcycleforfrom4to12hr，with8hrbeingthemostcommon

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erbeingregeneratedwouldbeheatedforabout6hr

andcooledduringtheremaining2hr.

theregenerationgas?

A:Regenerationgasiswetgasthathasbeenheatedinthe

regeneration-gasheatertotemperaturesof400°Fto460°F.

hefunctionofthefollowingdevices:inletparator,

adsorptiontower,cooler,regenerationgasparator.

A:①inletparator:removefreeliquids，entrainedmist，

andsolidparticles.

②adsorptiontower:filledwithagranulargas-dryingmaterial

toadsorbwater.

③Cooler:forcondensingwaterfromthehotregenerationgas.

④regenerationgasparator:toremovewaterfromthe

regeneration-gasstream.

betheprocessofadsorptionhappenedinthetower.

A:Asthewetinletgasflowsdownwardthroughthetoweronthe

adsorptioncycle,ailoftheadsorbablegascomponentsareadsorbedat

ervaporisimmediatelyadsorbedinthetop

rocarbongascomponents(ethane,propane,

butane，etc.)passingondownthroughthebedarealsoadsorbed,withthe

heaviercomponentsdisplacingthelightercomponentsasthecycle

pperlayersofdesiccantbecomesaturatedwithwater,

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thelowerlayersbegintoewetgasandbeginadsorbingthewater

vapor，

eachcomponentintheinlet-gasstreamtherewillbeactionofbed

depth,fromtoptobottom^wherethedesiccantissaturatedwiththat

componentandwherethedesiccantisjuststartingtoethat

component-Thedepthofbedfromsaturationtoinitialadsorptionis

simplythatzoneorctionof

thebedwhereacomponentistransferringitsmassfro^ithegasstream

lowofgascontinues,the

mass-transferzonesmovedownwardthroughthebedandwater

displacesallthepreviouslyadsorbedgasuntilfinallytheentirebedis

ebediscompletelysaturatedwith

watervapor,theoutletgaswouldbejustaswetastheinletgas.

Obviously,thetowersmustbeswitchedfromadsorbcycletoregen-

erationcyclebeforethebedhasbecomecompletelysaturatedwith

water.

注：以上为三次作业和老师留的两道看图题的答案，希望对大家的复

习有所帮助，由于水平有限，可能其中有些错误和不完善的地方，恳

请大家不吝批评指正。