pertaining

医学英语词根词缀

SuffixMeaningExample

-acpertainingto

属于，关于

cardiac:pertainingtotheheart

心脏（病）的

-alpertainingtomedical:pertainingtomedicine

-arpertainingtomolecular:pertainingtoamolecule

分子的

-arypertainingto

belongingto

ciliary:pertainingtothecilia

睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-aenzyme酶amyla:anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar

淀粉酶

-clesmallness

小,少,贫乏,小气

follicle:asmallbodilycavityorsac

小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-eaninstrument仪器auriscope:aninstrumentforexaminingtheear(检

查耳朵用的)耳镜

-ealpertainingtolaryngeal:pertainingtothelarynx

喉的,喉音的

-iacondition;qualityphobia:abnormalfear恐惧，害怕

-icpertainingtotoxic:pertainingtotoxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-icsstudyof;nameofasciencepaediatrics:studyofchildren,theirdevelopment

anddias儿科学

-ine/insubstance物质insulin：substance(hormone)producedbythe

isletsofLangerhansinthepancreas

胰岛素

-ismprocessorconditionalcoholism:excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhich

becomesaddictive酒精中毒

-istonewhospecializesin

精通于……的人

pharmacologist:adoctorwhospecializesinthe

studyofdrugs药理专家

-itisinflammationreferstoapartin

……部位的炎症

rhinitis:inflammationofthenasalpassages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)umrelationtoawhole;relatedto

与……相关

endometrium:innerliningoftheuter子宫内膜

-ivecharacterizesbyantitussive:adrugthatsuppresscoughing

止咳药

-lettiny;smalldroplet:atinydrop小滴

-menttheresultorproductofanactiondevelopment:thingwhichdevelopsorisbeing

developed;actionofbecomingmature

-oidrembling;like

像

mucoid:remblingmucus

粘液样的

-olelittle;smallcentriole:thesmalldenstructureinthemiddle

ofthecentrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-omatumor;swellingreferstoadoerdermatofibroma:fibroustumoroftheskin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-ereitherapersonorthingreceptor:ansorynerveendingthatrespondsto

variousstimuli感受器，受体

-orycharacterizedby;pertainingtosuspensory:whichishangingdown

悬吊式，悬带

-osugarfructo:fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsome

fruit果糖

-osisabnormalconditiononychocryptosis:abnormalconditionofahidden

nail嵌甲

-ouspertainingtopoisonous:pertainingtopoison;alsocontaining

poison有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somesbodiesribosome:thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体

-umstructure;thing;substance

结构，物质

magnesium:awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance

镁（金属元素）

-ycondition;act;processdystrophy:disordercaudbydefectivenutrition

ormetabolism营养不良

Thefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyudcompoundsuffixes

SuffixMeaningExample

-algiapain;painful;conditionarthralgia:paininajoint关节痛

--aenzymeprotea:digestiveenzyme蛋白酶

-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast:blastcell血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-carcinomamalignanttumordevelopingfrom

connectivetissue相关组织的恶性

肿瘤

adenocarcinoma:malignanttumordeveloping

fromglandulartissue腺癌

-celeprotrusion;distention突出；膨胀，

延伸

esophagocele:abnormaldistentionofthe

esophagus食管突出

-centesissurgicalpuncture手术穿孔paracentesis:surgicalpunctureofacavityforthe

aspirationoffluid穿刺术

-capniacarbondioxide二氧化碳acapnia:abnceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化

碳缺乏

-cidekillgermicide:(substance)whichcankillgerms

杀菌剂

-clastcellphagocyte:cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,

whichcansurroundanddestroyothercells噬菌

细胞

-dyniapainglossodynia:paininthetongue舌痛

-ectasia/

-ectasis

expansion;dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis:incompleteexpansionofthelungsat

birth肺不张

-ectomysurgicalexcisionorremovalofgastrectomy:surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切

除术

-edemaexcessiveaccumulationofrousmyxoedema:conditioncaudwhenthethyroid

fluid水肿glanddoesnotproduceenoughthyroidhormone

粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿

-emiabloodconditionleukemia:anyofveralmalignantdiaswhere

anabnormalnumberofleucocytesforminthe

blood白血病

-emesisvomiting呕吐hematemesis:thevomitingofblood咯血；吐血

-gensomethingthatproducedor

prouduces

pathogen:amicroorganismoragentcapableof

producingdia病菌，病原体

-genesisproduction生产spermatogenesis:formationanddevelopmentof

spermatozoainthetestes精子发生

-globinprotein蛋白质hemoglobin:aniron-containingproteinproduced

byerythrocytes血红素

-gnosisknowledgediagnosis:theprocessofidentifyingthenatureor

prenceofadiathroughknowledgeand

examination

-gramimage;pictureelectrocardiogram:agraphicrecordofthe

electricalactivityofheartmuscleorheartbeat

udinthediagnosisofheartdia.

gram

心电图

-graph(y)processofrecording

记录过程

electocardiography:theprocessofmakingor

graphy

心电图记录

-iasiscondition;state

情况，状况

cholelithiasis:theformationofgallstones胆石症

-iatry/

-iatrics

healing,frequentlyreferstoa

branchofmedicine康复，常指医

学的一个分支

podiatry:treatmentoffootdisorders

足部医疗

-lithstonecholelith:agallstone;astoneformedinthe

gallbladder胆结石

-logythestudyofcytology:thesciencestudyofcells细胞学

-logistonewhostudiesandtreatsurologist:aphysicianwhospecializesinthe

practiceofurology泌尿科医生

-lysisbreakdown,destructionhemolysis:thedestructionorbreakdownofred

bloodcellswithreleaofhemoglobin溶血

-malaciasofteningosteomalacia:softeningofbone骨软化

-maniaextremecompulsionor

preoccupation强迫症

kleptomania:amorbid,uncontrollablecompulsion

tosteal盗窃癖

-megalygiantacromegaly:aconditioninwhichthereisan

enlargementofthefacialbonesaswellasthoof

thelungs肢端肥大症

-metry/

-meter

measurementspirometry:measurementofthevolumeofair

inhaledandexhaledortheaircapacityofthe

lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

-odyniapaincardiodynia:painintheheartregion心痛，胸痛

-onehormone荷尔蒙，激素parathormone:whichregulatescalciumbalance

amongtheblood,bones,andteeth甲状旁腺激素

-opiaadefectintheeye眼睛的毛病myopia:beingshort-sighted近视

-opsytoviewbiopsy:excisionoflivetissueformicroscopic

diagnosis活检

-osismorbidcondition病态的sclerosis:abnormalhardening硬化症

-osmiasmellanosmia:lossofthenofsmell嗅觉丧失

-ostomyprocessofmakinganopeninginto

oraconnectionbetween

造瘘

gastrostomy:surgicalconstructionofanopening

fromthesurfaceoftheabdomenintothestomach

胃造口术

-oxialevelofoxygen氧水平hypoxia:alowoxygenleveloralackofoxygenin

bodytissues组织缺氧

-pathydia;diadconditionophthalmopathy:anyeyedia眼病

-peniadeficiencyleukopenia:deficiencyofleukocytesintheblood.

ytopenia白细胞减少症

-pepsiadigestioneupepsia:gooddigestion消化良好

--pexyafixingorttingfirmlyinplaceby

suturing缝合固定

hepatopexy:surgicalfixationofadisplaceliver肝

固定术

-phagia/phag

y

eating;swallowing吃，吞咽dysphagia:difficultyinswallowing吞咽困难

-philattraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物basophil:typeofleucocyteorwhitebloodcell

whichcontainsgranules嗜碱性粒细胞

-phobiafearxenophobia:irrationalfearofstrangers对外国人

的恐惧，憎恶

-plasiaformation;developmenthyperplasia:overdevelopmentorenlargementof

anorganortissue增生，数量型肥大

-phoniavoicedysphonia:difficultyinspeaking发声困难

-plasmformation;growthorsubstanceof

formation

cytoplasm:jellysubstanceinthecell细胞浆

-plastysurgicalrepairosteoplasty:surgicalrepairofthebone骨整形术，

骨成形术

--plegiastroke;paralysis中风thermoplegia:heatorsunsrtoke热射病

-pneabreathingeupnea:normalbreathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸

--ptosisafalling,thedroppingorsaggingof

anorgan器官下移

hepatoptosis:abnormallylowpositionoftheliver

肝下垂

-ptysisspitting分散melanoptysis:spittingofthespleen黑色痰液;咳

黑痰

-poiesisproductionhemopoiesis:productionofbloodcells造血作

用，生血作用

-rrhage/

-rrhagia

burstingforthofblood出血menorrhagia:veryheavybleedingduring

menstruation月经过多

-rrhaphysurgicalwingorsuturingsplenorrhaphy:sutureofthespleen脾修补术

-rrheaoverflowhydrorrhea:waterydischarge液溢

-(o)rrhexissplittingorrupture撕裂，破裂，疝

气

amniorrhexis:ruptureoftheamnioticac

羊膜破裂

-sarcomamalignanttumordevelopingfrom

connectivetissue

liposarcoma:malignanttumorcontainingfat

脂肪肉瘤

-schesisaholdingback;suppressionof

discharge阻碍；抑制排放

uroschesis:suppressionofurine闭尿，尿潴留

-sclerosisahardeningdermatosclerosis:hardeningoftheskin硬皮病

-scopeinstrumentforviewingstethoscope:aninstrumentforperforming

medicateausculation听诊器

-scopyprocessofexaminingvisuallyhepatoscopy:examinationoftheliver肝检查

-spasminvoluntarycontractionangiospasm:suddencontractionofthemusclesin

abloodvesl血管痉挛

-stasissuppression;stoppage;control;

arrest抑制，中止

hemostasis:thearrestofbleeding

止血，止血法

-stenosisabnormalnarrowingofaductor

canal管、道德异常狭窄

laryngostenosis:abnormalnarrowingofthelarynx

喉狭窄

-stomysurgicalopeningtotheoutsideof

thebody造口

colostomy:surgicaloperationtomakeanopening

fromthecolon结肠造口术

-tentionpressurehypertention:highbloodpressure高血压

-therapytreatmentphysiotherapy:treatmentofdiabyphysical

means物理疗法

--tionprocesshospitalization:theprocessofbeinghosipitalized

住院

-tocialabor;birth生产embryotocia:abortion流产

-tometoolforincisionarthrotome:instrumentforcuttingajoint关节刀

-tomyprocessofcuttingintogastrotomy:incisionofthestomach胃切开术

-tropiaturning转弯，变向esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视

-trophynourishmentordevelopmentofan

organ器官的营养、发育

dystrophy:disordercaudbydefectivenutrition

ormetabolism营养不良

-uriaaconditionoftheurine（小便）dysuria:difficultlyinpassingurine排尿困难

-versionturningeversion:aturningoutward外翻，翻转

Hereisatableofthemostcommonlyudprefixes

PrefixMeaningExample

a-/an-without;notaphasia:theinabilitytounderstandwrittenor

spokenwordsortospeakmeaningfully失语症

ab-awayfromabortion:expulsionfromtheuterus流产

ad-to;toward;nearadnasal:neartheno近鼻的

acro-apointortipacronyx:growingintotheflesh嵌甲

alb-whitealbino:apersonlackingnormalpigmentation白发

病者

amb-/

ambi-

bothambixual、bixual:(person)whoisxually

attractedtobothmalesandfamales双性恋

amphi-/

ampho-

both;bothsidesamphicentric:beginningandendinginthesame

vesl起止同源的血管

ana-up;backagainanabolism:processofbuildingupcomplex

chemicalsubstancesonthebasisofsimplerones

合成代谢

Angio-abloodveslangioma:benigntumorformedofbloodvesl血

管瘤

ante-beforeantenatal:duringtheperiodbetweenconception

andchildbirth出生前的，怀孕期的

anti-againstantidepressant:(drug)udtotreatdepression抗

抑郁剂

audi-hearing;soundaudiometry:scienceoftestinghearing听力测定

auto-lfautoantibody:antibodyformedtoattackthe

body’sowncells自身抗体

bi-two;twicebicellular:twocells两室的

bio-livingorganisms生命体biochemistry:chemistrylivingtissues生物化学

brady-slowbradycardia:slowrateofheartcontraction,shown

byaslowpulrate心动过缓

carcin-carcinomaorcancer癌；瘤carcinogen:acancer-causingsubstance致癌物

cata-downwards;under;against;

alongwith

cataract:conditionwherethelensoftheeye

graduallybecomeshardandopaque白内障

centi-onehundredth百分之一centimeter:unitofmeasurementoflength(=one

hundredthofameter)厘米

co(n)-withortogetherconsanguineous:bloodrelationship血亲的，血缘

的，密切的

contra-againstcontraception:preventionofpregnancybyusing

devicesordrugs避孕法，节育法

de-removalorlossdecaffeinated:(coffee)withthecaffeineremoved

脱去咖啡因的

deca-tendecagram:tengrams十克

deci-tenthdeciliter:unitofmeasurementofliquid(=onetenth

ofalittle)1/10公升

di-twodiglossia:adoubletongue使用两种语言

dia-through;between;apart;acrossdiathermy:processof(treating)throughheat

透热疗法

dis-reversalorparatedisintegrate:tocometopieces分解，破裂

dys-bad;difficult;disordereddysarthrosis:deformityormalformationofajoint

关节变形

echo-soundechocardiography:ultrasonographyoftheheart心

回波描记，超声心动描记术

ect-/

ecto-

outsideorouterecchondroma:benigntumoronthesurfaceof

cartilageorbone外生软骨瘤

en-in;withinenostosis:benigngrowthinsideabone内生骨疣

endo-insideendocardium:membranewhichlinestheheart心

内膜

epi-on;overepidermis:outerlayerofskin表皮

ery-rederythrocyte:maturenon-nucleatedredbloodcell

红细胞

eso-inward;within(向内)esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视

eu-goodeugenics:studyofhowtoimprovethehumanrace

bygeneticlection优生学

ex-/exo-outofexhale:tobreathout呼出

extra-outsideextracapsular:outsideacapsule囊外的

hemi-halfhemiplegia:vereparalysisaffectingonesideof

thebody偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydro-waterhydrocele:collectionofwateryliquidfoundina

cavitysuchasthescrotum阴囊积水

hyper-higherortoomuchhyperglycaemia:excessofglucointheblood高

血糖症

hypo-lessortoolittlehypokalaemia:deficiencyofpotassiuminthe

blood低血钾

in-inorintoinbreeding:breedingbetweenaclolyrelated

maleandfemale近亲交配

in-notincoherent:notabletospeakinawaywhich

makesn语无伦次

infra-beloworbeneathinfrapatellar:beloworbeneaththepatella髌

inter-betweeninterlobular:betweenlobules小叶间的

intra-insideintramedullary:insidethebonemarroworspinal

cord髓内

itro-intointrovert:personwhothinksonlyabouthimlf

andhisownmentalstate性格内向的人

mal-badorabnormalmalfunction:abnormalworkingofanargan机器

等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

meta-changesmetaplasia:changeofonetissuetoanother

化生，转化，组织变形

micro-verysmallmicrocyte:abnormallysmallredbloodcell小红

细胞

mid-middlemidcarpal:betweenthetworowsofcarpalbones

腕骨间的

milli-onethousandthmilligram:unitofmeasurementofweight毫克

mis-errororwrongmiscarriage:spontaneousabortion流产

multi-manymultigravida:awomanwhoispregnantandhas

beenpregnantatleasttwicebefore经产孕妇

noct-atnightnocturia:passingabnormallylargequantityof

urinewhenasleepinbedatnight夜尿症

nona-nineortheninethnonagon:flatshapewhichhasninesides九边形

octa-eightoctan:everyeightdays八日热；每隔八日发一次

的

odont-teethodontology:studyofteethandassociated

structures,andtheirdisorders

onco-tumoursoncology:scientificstudyofnewgowths肿瘤学

oro-mouthorolingual:pertainingtothemouthandtongue口

与舌的

pachy-thickeningpachysomia:conditionwheresofttissuesofthe

bodybecomeabnormallythick躯体肥厚

pali-/

palin-

against;pathologicrepetition病态

的重复

palindromic:(dia)whichrecurs

复发的，再发的

pan-/pant-/

panto-

allpancytopenia:abnormaldepressionofallthe

cellularelementsoftheblodd全血细胞减少症

para-similartoornear;changedor

beyond

paralyorparalyze:toweaken(muscles)sothat

theycannotfunction使麻痹，使瘫痪

pen-/

penta-

fivepentosuria:excretionofpentosintheurine

戊糖尿

per-throughpercutaneous:doneoradministeredthroughthe

skin经皮的，由皮的

peri-aroundpericystitis:inflammationoftissuearoundthe

bladder膀胱周炎

pero-deformedordefective畸形有缺陷

的

peromelia:congenitaldeformityofthelimbs

四肢不全

pharmaco-drugspharmacology:studyofdrugsormedicines,and

theiraction,propertiesandcharacteristics药理学，

药物学

pleo-/

pleio-

toomanypleokaryocyte:conditionwhereagreaterthan

normalnumberofcellsincerebrospinalfluid多核

细胞

pluri-morepluriglandular:pertainingtooraffectingveral

glands多线性的

pneum-/

pneunmo-

airorthelungs;breathingpneumonia:inflammationofalung

肺炎

poly-touchingmanyorganspolyphagia:conditionwhereapatienteatstoo

much;morbiddesireforeverykingoffood多食

症，杂食症

post-afterorlaterpostprandial:afterameal餐后的

pre-beforeofinfrontofpremature:earlyorbeforethenormaltime过早

的，早产

presby-oldagepresbyopia:anoldperson’ssightfailsgradually老

花眼

pro-/

supin-/

pron-

beforeorinfrontof

lyingontheback

bendforward

prognosis:predictionoftheoutcomeofadia

预测；预后

quadri-/

quint-

four

five/fifth

quadrupletorquad:oneoffourbabiesborntoa

motheratthesametime四胞胎

radio-rayorradiationradiotherapy:treatingadiabyexposingthe

affectedparttoradioactive放射疗法

mi-halfmiptosis:thedownwardsaggingofhalforpart

ofanorgan轻度睑下垂

sub-undersubmucous:underthemucousmembrane粘膜下

层的；粘膜下的

super-above;extremelysuperalbuminosis:abnormalincreaofalbumin

白蛋白过多

syn-with;jointsyndesmosis:jointwheretheonesaretightly

linkedbyligaments韧带联合

supra-above;oversuprarenal:(situated)aboveakidney肾上腺

tachy-fasttachycardia:rapidbeatingoftheheart心动过速

tetra-fourtetracycline:antibioticudtotreatawiderange

ofbacterialdias四环素

trans-across;through;beyondtransmission:thetransfer,asofadia,from

onepersontoanother传染

tri-threetricephalus:afetuswiththreeheads三头畸胎

ultra-beyond;excessultrasonics:thesciencedealingwithultrasonic

soundwaves超声波学

uni-oneuniglandular:affectingonlyonegland单腺的

xen(o)-strange;foreignxenograft:agraftoftissuetransplantbetween

animalsofdifferentspecies异种移植物