contrast

ComparisonandContrast

比较和对照的写作方法

ABriefIntroduction

Definitionsofcomparisonandcontrastcomparison:Youare

askedtoexplainhowtwoormorethingsarealike.

Contrast:Youareaskedtoexplainhowtwoormorethingsare

different.

一．目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强

调不同之处）；

二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种

方式:

1.块状比较方式（blockprentationorthesubject-by-subject），先A后

B，即A1,A2,A3...；B1，B2，B3...。

2.逐点比较方式（alternatingprentationorthepoint-by-point），AB交错，

即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。

Comparisonandcontrastisamethodthatisoftenudbywritersto

areis

tobringoutthesimilaritiesbetweentwothings，andtocontrast，whichisa

formofcomparison，

result，wecanunderstandthetwosubjectsbetterthanwewoulddoifwejust

examinethetwoindividually.

Inwritingacomparisonandcontrastessay，youmayemphasizeeither

thesimilaritiesorthedifferencesbetweenthetwosubjects，orifyoulike，you

erwhat

youmayemphasizeinyouressay，rememberyoushouldmakeapointin

youressay，thatis，thereshouldbeapurpoformakingthecomparison

woitemsaretoosimilarortoodifferent，therewon’t

beanypointincomparingorcontrastingthem.

Threepurposformakingacomparisonandcontrast:

entinformationaboutsomethingunfamiliarbycomparingitwith

somethingfamiliar.

thesuperiorityofonethingbycomparingitwithanother.

thereaderofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftwothingsto

helpthereaderunderstandorevaluatethem.

Theorganizationofacomparisonandcontrastessay：

ntroduceacomparisonandcontrastessay

Youcanintroduceyourcomparisonandcontrastessaybyexplainingclear

yourpurpoformakingthecomparisonand/alsoprent

thebackgroundinformationthatpromotesyoutowritetheessay.

rganizethebodyofacomparisonandcontrastessay：

Whenyoucometothebodyofacomparisonandcontrastessay，you

shouldfollowthefollowingtwosteps：

Identifyingthepoints：Ifyoudon’tknowwhatpointstocompareand/or

contrastaboutthesubjects，youcancreatealistofpotentialpointsforeach

ucanrearrangethepoints.

nganeffectivepatterntoorganizethesimilaritiesanddifferences.

a）Thesubject-by-subjectpattern：toprenteachofthetwosubjects

parately，thatis，toprentfirstaboutoneofthesubjects，coveringthe

pointscompletely，thenproceedtotheothersubject，alsocoveringallthe

ral，thiswayworksbetterinshortessayswherefew

aspectsareconsidered，orwherethewriter’

patternislikethefollowing：

b）Thepoint-by-pointpattern：todiscussthetwosubjectsforeachpointof

comparisonandcontrast，thatis，youwriteaboutthefirstpointintermsof

thesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwosubjects，thenproceedtothe

nextpoint，yispreferableinlongessayswheremany

aspectsarementioned，foralongdiscussionofthevariousaspectsofone

itemputstoomuchburdenonthereader’ternislikethe

following：

c）Thesim-diffpattern：Thewriterputsallthesimilaritiesbetweenthe

chniqueissuitablefor

essayusingthispatterntoorganizethebodypart，thewholeessaywillbe

arrangedinthefollowingway：

Introduction

Similarities

Differences

Conclusion

ndacomparisonandcontrastessay：

propoanaction，

alsorestateyourpurpoinafreshway.

CountryLifeandCityLife

Itisreallyhardtosaywhichisbetterthantheother,citylifeorrurallife.

Bothhavetheirmeritsandshortcomings.

,youcanenjoyvarious

kindsoffoods,,therearemorecultural

activitiesinthecity–youcangototheconcert,thetheatre,themoviesorthe

discoclubafteraday’ylifehasmanyproblems,

overcrowdedpopulation,trafficjam,industrialpollution,andthelackof

inthecountry,however,youcanwatchthemagnificentsunriandsunt

ant,youcancertainlyhavea

country,youdon’enjoythepleasureofwork

byplantingedsintheearthandwatchingthemgrowintoflowersandfinally

aregoingso

slowlythatsometimesyoumayfeelthatyouareabsoluteleftbehindinsome

againmisstheparties,friendsand

moviesinthecity.

Likeanythingel,countrylifeandcitylifehavetheiradvantagesand

tsolutionmaybethatyouenjoypleasuresofboth

livesandgetridoftheirinconveniences.

MiddleSchoolLifeandCollegeLife

Therearemanydifferencesbetweenmiddleschoolandthecollege.

First，inmiddleschool，wehavetolistentowhattheteachersaysinclass,to

ollege，wemuststudyby

，wecouldn'，there

mple，weshouldweartheuniform，

thegirlsmusthavetheirhaircutshort，andwearenotallowedtomakeboy-

r，incollege，earthe

lsofree

rd，inthemiddleschool，wemuststudyfirst.

rast，wehavetodo

answemustplanourtime

realsootherdifferencesbetweenourschoollifeandour

tolearntoadaptourlvestocollegelife.

三．写作步骤

1.写前阶段：写作提纲

1)对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之

处。

如分析Onlineshoppingorin-storeshopping（网络购物还是店内购

AdvantagesDisadvantages

Onlineshopping

Convenient;

Cheap;

Alotoflections

Cheated;

Cannotetheitemsin

person;

In-store

shopping

Personal,talk;

Knowthequality;

Goodforhealth

Expensive;

Time-consuming;

tiring

2.写作阶段：利用相关资料，组织结构与内容

1)Ufulwordsandphras:

bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,

but,converly,differentfrom,however,nevertheless,otherwi,whereas,

unlike,yet,incontrast,evenso,less/more/faster...than,although,inopposition

to,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,ontheoppositeside

2）Ufulexpressions

Justlikeacoinhastwosides,everytinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,

and…isnoexception.

Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.

TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoofB.

AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...

Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.

Likeanythingel,ithasitsfaults.

AandBhasveralpointsincommon.

AbearssomeremblancestoB.

However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.

AandBdifferinveralways.

Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

ThesameistrueofB.

WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.

ItistruethatA...,butthechieffaults(obviousdefects)are...

比较型作文常用句型

首段

Itiswidelyaccepted/anundeniablefactthat…

Thereudtobeaheateddiscussionover…

Nowadays,therearetwowaysto…,suchasAandB.

Somepeopleprefer….,

whileothersinsistthat…T

howhoareinfavorofAarguethat…

ButIaminfavorof…/ButIprefertodo…/ButIagreewiththeformer/latterone

中立的观点：

Asforme,I‘minfavorofacombinationofAandB./IprefertocombineAandB.

Personally,IprefertostrikeabalancebetweenAandB.

主体部分

Firstandforemost,…

What’smore,…

Lastbutnotleast,

Firstofall,…

Moreover,…

Mostimportantly,…

ItistruethatAis…,butB…

ThereareveralstrongpointsofA.

TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoofB

However,theadvantagesofAoutweighitdisadvantages.

结尾段

Forthisreason,Ilikedoing….

Ofcour,Ahasitsownmerits.

ButI’mstillinfavorofB.

3）UfulWritingPatterns

（1）块状比较模板：

模板一

Itisreallyhardtosaywhichisbetterthantheother,vetheirmeritsand

shortcomings.

,….Second,….Third,….WonderingasAis,it

fall,….Besides,….BisquitedifferentfromBinmanyways.

y,….Sencondly,….Likeanytingel,Bhasits

faults,suchas….

Evidently,tsolutionmay

bethatyouenjoypleasuresofthebothandgetridoftheirinconveniences.模板二

Thetopicof____(主题)retwo

oplesay_A__ldtheirviewfor

thereasonof______(A理由一).What’smore,_____(A理由二).Moreover,_____(A理由

三).

Whileothersthinkthat__B__isabetterchoiceinthefollowingthreereasons.

Firstly,______(B理由一).Secondly/Besides,______(B理由二).Thirdly/Finally,______(B

理由三).

Formypointofview,Ithink______(我的观点).Thereasonisthat_____(原因).Asa

matteroffact,,theformeris

surelyawichoice.

模板三

Thereisaheateddebateover______(主题).Itiscommonlyacceptedthat__A__.In

contrast,othersthinkthat__B___.

Thowhoholdthefirstopinionsuggestthat______(A理由一).Intheirview,______(A理

由二).

However,othersthink______(B理由一).Theyarguethat_______(B理由二).

Consideringoneafteranother,Istandonthesideof_A/B__.Firstofall,______(原因

一).Furthermore,_______(原因二).Thirdly,______(原因三).Therefore,Iaminfavorof

theidea_____(我的观点).

（2）逐点比较框架：

BothAandBareverypopularintoday’keacoinhastwosides,everyting

hasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,andAandBarenoexception.

irstplace,A….Onthecontrary,

B….Inthecondplace，A….UnlikeA,B….Lastbutbynomeanstheleast,A….By

contrast,B….

canchoo

whichwaytouaccordingtotheirownlikesanddislikes.

BeijingandShanghai

Asweallknow,yhave

somesimilaritiesanddifferences.

Beijingisthenationalcapital,thepoliticalandculturalcenterofthenationwhile

ShanghaiisthemostpopulouscityinChinaandaverymoderneconomicpowerhou.

Beijingistheemperor’satinthenorth;converly,

winter,it’smuchcolderinBeijingthaninShanghai.

Besidesdifferences,mple,therearetraffic

anghai,peopleand

gheldOlympicGamesin2008while

Shanghaiholdsthe2010WorldExpo.

Allinall,roudofboth.