confidently

Chapter2SpeakingConfidentlyandEthically

True-FalQuestions

Studentsaretoindicatewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsis

trueorfalbycirclingtheappropriateletter.

efrightisaglobalphenomenonthatcutsacrosslanguage,

culture,andnationalborders.

yindicatesthatspeechmakingranksnearthetopin

provokinganxiety.

y-onepercentofbusinesxecutivessaypublicspeakingis

themostnerve–wrackingexperiencetheyface.

tivenervousnessiscontrollednervousnessthathelps

energizeaspeakerforhisorherprentation.

umakeanobviousmistakeduringaspeech,itisa

catastrophe.

orytellsusthatthepowerofspeechisoftenabud—

sometimeswithdisastrousresults.

tingtentativefindingsasfirmconclusionsis

acceptableinpublicspeaking.

youquotesomeonedirectly,youmustattributethe

wordstothatperson.

youparaphraanauthor,youdon’tneedtogivehim

orhercredit.

udon’tciteInternetsources,youarejustasguilty

ofplagiarismasifyoutakeinformationfromprintsources

withoutpropercitation.

MultipleChoiceQuestions

Studentsaretoindicatethebestanswerforeachquestionbycirclingthe

correctletter.

aGandhi,AbrahamLincoln,andWinstonChurchillareamongthe

greatestpublicspeakersinhistorywhohavesufferedfrom__________.

impediment

right

sbreakdown

nalstress

periencedspeakershavestagefrightbeforetakingthefloor,but

theirnervousnessisa__________signthattheyaregetting“psyched

up”foragoodeffort.

y

ble

ve

tpeople,the__________partofstagefrightisfearofthe

unknown.

t

t

st

t

ardruleisthateachminuteofspeakingtimerequires__________

ofpreparationtime—perhapvenmore,dependingontheamountof

rearchneededforthespeech.

a.10to20minutes

b.20to40minutes

halfhours

wohours

fessionalspeechconsultantestimatesthatproperpreparationcan

reducestagefrightby__________percent.

a.75

b.50

c.35

d.80

hnegativethought,youshouldcounterwithaminimumof

__________positiveones.

izationisclolyrelatedto__________thinking.

ve

al

ve

ve

ingtoyourtextbook,ratherthantryingtoeliminateeverytrace

ofstagefright,youshouldaimattransformingitinto__________.

lanxiety

izedadrenaline

sionalstagefright

venervousness

fthefollowingstrategiesisleastlikelytohelpyoudealwith

nervousnessinyourspeeches

ngpositively.

gespeciallyhardonyourintroduction.

tratingonyourstagefright.

eyecontactwithmembersofyouraudience.

es,musicians,actors,speakers,andothersuvisualizationto

__________instressfulsituations.

heirconfidence

etheirperformance

theircreativity

etheirchancesofsuccess

e__________yourmentalpictures,themoresuccessfulyouare

likelytobe.

te

fthefollowingpointsisNOTlistedinthetextasadditional

tipsfordealingwithnervousness

urbestphysicallyandmentally.

peciallyhardonyourconclusion.

econtactwithmembersofyouraudience.

ualaids.

fthefollowinggoalsisNOTconsideredethical

tingaworthycau.

ingonabusinessproject.

dinginvestorsoftheirsavings.

gaclassmatewhoissick.

reparedforaspeechinvolvesallofthefollowingEXCEPT

__________.

ingyouraudience

ngvisualaids

zingyourideas

gtoafriend

gismoreimportanttoethicalspeechmakingthan__________.

y

ity

ity

ility

tcontemptforthe__________isonekindofdishonestyinpublic

speaking.

t

fthefollowingexamplesisNOTlistedinyourtextasamore

subtleformofdishonesty

ngstatistics.

goutofcontext.

singyourdelivery.

rentingsources.

18.__________plagiarismisthemostblatantandunforgivablekindof

plagiarism.

gic

ork

ental

twaytoavoidglobalplagiarismisnotto__________.

ourspeechuntilthelastminute

adaspeechfromtheInternet

ryourfriend’sspeechasyourown

supportingmaterialfromonlinesources

peakercutsandpastesfromtwoorthreesources,withoutgiving

creditandwithoutdoinganyadditionalrearch,heorshecommits

__________plagiarism.

ork

ntary

eal

anized

21.__________plagiarismoccurswhenthespeakerfailstogivecreditfor

particularpartsofthespeechthatareborrowedfromotherpeople.

l

ental

red

lete

toavoidpatchworkplagiarismorincrementalplagiarismwhen

workingwiththeInternetisto__________.

refulrearchnotes

diblesources

ultipleauthors

levantinformation

espeechmakingisaformofpower,wemustalwaysbesuretospeak

__________.

ely

sively

lly

ully

icspeaking,soundethicaldecisionsinvolveweighingapotential

courofactionagainst__________.

ethicalguidelinesorstandards

aker’sstrategicobjectives

llyacceptedcodeoflegalrules

sonalopinionsofthespeaker

fthefollowingisNOTprentedinyourtextbookasaguidelinefor

ethicalspeechmaking

stinwhatyousay.

nyourcredibilityonthespeechtopic.

ypreparedforeachspeech.

reyourgoalsareethicallysound.

fthefollowingisNOTprentedinyourtextbookasaguidelinefor

ethicalspeechmaking

nyourmotivesforspeakingtotheaudience.

rethicalprinciplesintopractice.

ame-callingandotherformsofabusivelanguage.

reyourgoalsareethicallysound.

spenttwoyearsworkinginatelevisionnewsroom,XiaoLingdecided

esheknewalotabout

itandwascomfortablespeakingtoanaudience,shedidn’tspendmuchtime

ult,herspeechwaspoorlyorganized,ranovertime,and

uidelineforethicalpublicspeaking

discusdinyourtextbookdidLiYingfailtoliveupto

ypreparedforeachspeech.

reyourgoalsareethicallysound.

ame-callingandotherformsofabusivelanguage.

stinwhatyousay.

ingtoyourtextbook,globalplagiarismoccurswhenaperson

__________.

isorherspeechcompletelyonforeignsources

ocitesourcesthroughoutthebodyofthespeech

speechentirelyfromonesourceandpassitoffasherorhis

own

oorthreesourcesandblendstheinformationintoaunified

whole

pulledkeyinformationfromthem,blendedthoideasintohisown

perspective,

ofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthissituation

ithicalbecauhecitedhissourcesandudthemtodevelop

hisownslantonthetopic.

isguiltyofincrementalplagiarismbecauheudquotations

andparaphrasfromotherpeopleinhisspeech.

ithicalbecauhedidnotcopyhisspeechfromasingle

source.

isguiltyofpatchworkplagiarismbecauheudideasfrom

veraldifferentsourcesinhisspeech.

ingtoyourtextbook,__________plagiarismoccurswhenaspeaker

copieswordforwordfromtwoorthreesources.

ork

ental

ific

textbookexplains,whatkindofplagiarismisaspeakerwho

asmblesaspeechbycopyingwordforwordfromtwoorthreesources

committing

.

ental.

ific.

ork.

ingtoyourtextbook,__________plagiarismoccurswhenthespeech

asawholeithicalbutthespeakerfailstogivecreditforparticular

quotationsandparaphras.

ork

ental

ntal

ntal

fthefollowingdoesyourtextbookrecommendasawaytosteerclear

ofincrementalplagiarism

singdirectquotationsfromotherpeopleinyourspeech.

eyouroriginalideassothereisnoriskofplagiarism.

itingsourcesthatmightmakesomeonesuspectplagiarism.

esourcesofallquotationsandparaphrasinyourspeech.

eekindsofplagiarismdiscusdinyourtextbookare__________.

lagiarism,incrementalplagiarism,andnecessaryplagiarism

orkplagiarism,speechplagiarism,andglobalplagiarism

plagiarism,patchworkplagiarism,andincrementalplagiarism

agiarism,quotationplagiarism,andparaphraplagiarism

eeguidelinesforethicallisteningdiscusdinyourtextbookare

__________.

attentively,avoidprejudgingthespeaker,andsupportfree

speech

attentively,takeaccuratenotes,andavoidprejudgingthe

speaker

tfreespeech,avoidname-calling,andlistenattentively

tereotypingthespeaker,supportfreespeech,andtakeaccurate

notes

rwasinthemidstofanexcellentspeechoncampushistorywhen

shemadeaminormistakebygivingthewrongdatefortheopeningofa

denlystoppedspeakingandsaid,“Oh,Imesd

up.”Shethenfinishedherspeech,butallshecouldthinkabout

themajorpieceofadvicefromyour

textbookthatHeatherneedstoberemindedabout

snosuchthingasaperfectspeech.

uldworkespeciallyhardonyourintroduction.

cesusuallycan’ttellhownervousaspeakeris.

uldtakeslow,deepbreathsbeforeyouspeak.

turalforpublicspeakerstobenervous.

fthefollowingdoesyourtextbookrecommendasawaytodeal

withnervousnessinyourspeeches

peciallyhardonyourconclusion.

akingeyecontactwithyouraudience.

enerateextraadrenalineasyouspeak.

fyourspeechasanactofcommunication.

tobuildconfidenceasaspeakeristocreateavividmental

ing

toyourtextbook,thisprocessiscalled__________.

entation

ticpractice

ization

adowing

fthefollowingdoesyourtextbookrecommendasawaytodeal

withnervousnessinyourspeeches

gativethoughtsintopositivethoughts

akingdirecteyecontactwiththeaudience.

latethenightbeforetofinishpreparing.

teextraadrenalineasyouspeak.

fthefollowingdoesyourtextbookrecommendasawaytodeal

withnervousnessinyourspeeches

uraudiencehownervousyouare.

akingeyecontactwiththeaudience.

nachievingperfectioninyourspeech.

izeyourlfgivingasuccessfulspeech.

ShortAnswerQuestions

yovertheprospectofgivingaspeechinfrontofanaudienceis

knownasstagefright.

ethesixtime-testedwaysyoucanturnyournervousnessfroma

negativeforceintoapositiveone

espeakingexperience.

e,prepare,prepare.

ositively.

erofvisualization.

atmostnervousnessisnotvisible.

’texpectperfection.

nereleadintothebloodstreaminrespontophysicalor

mentalstressiscalledadrenaline.

izationismentalimaginginwhichaspeakervividlypictures

himlforherlfgivingasuccessfulprentation.

isthebranchofphilosophythatdealswithissuesofrightand

wronginhumanaffairs.

efourguidelinesforethicalspeaking

reyourgoalsareethicallysound.

ypreparedforeachspeech.

stinwhatyousay.

icalprinciplesintopractice.

tinganotherperson’slanguageorideasasone’sowniscalled

plagiarism.

ethethreetypesofplagiarismdiscusdinthetext

plagiarism.

orkplagiarism.

entalplagiarism.

ethetwowaystoguardagainstincrementalplagiarism

fulwhentakingrearchnotestodistinguishamongdirect

quotations,paraphradmaterial,andyourowncomments.

doubt,citeyoursource.

EssayQuestions

efessay,identifyanddiscusssixmethodsapublicspeakercan

utohelpcontrolstagefright.

fythefourguidelinesforethicalspeakingandexplainyour

understandingoftheguidelines.

summaryofthefivechecklistitemsforethicalpublicspeaking.

fyanddiscussthethreemajortypesofplagiarismthatapublic

speakershouldavoidwhenpreparingandprentingaspeech.

nwhyyouwouldneedtoacknowledgeanauthorasyoursourcewhen

youparaphrahimorherinyourspeech