英语国际音标常见字母组合发音规律
单元音:(12个)
1、/i:/1、字母e在开音节中:be,he,we,the,metre,relay,recycle,eve
2、字母i的特殊发音:police,machine
3、字母组合ee:sweep,between,agree,sleep,en,feel,feed,chee,keeper,bee,e,tree,three
4、字母组合ea:plea,(New)Zealand,weak,leaf,wheat,bleat,dream,dia,beach,least,tea,at,read
5、字母组ie:field,believe,thief,piece
6、字母组ei:receive
7、字母组ey:key
8、字母组合e-e:Pete,mete,the,Chine
2、/ɪ/1、字母a在弱读中:village,passage,palace,necklace,encourage
2、字母e在弱读中:ticket,basket,behind,enjoy,business,subject,refu,repair,replay,forest,toilet,wallet,
racket,pocket,result,
3、字母i在闭音节中:bring,did,ill,pick,fifty,English,ticket,village,picnic,pumpkin,tourist,riddle,it,is,
six,this
4、字母i的特殊发音:practice,opposite,practice,cousin,rabbit但possible发音为/ə/
5、字母i在“ve”前:live,give
6、字母u的特殊发音:busy,business
7、字母组合ai弱读:mountain,captain
8、字母组合ie:cookie
9、字母组合ay弱读:Sunday,Monday
10、字母组合ey:monkey,money
11、字母y弱读:sorry,baby,lucky,any,very,study,fifty
3、/e/1、字母a的特殊发音:many,any
2、字母e在闭音节中“e”发短音:bell,left,leg,when,went,check,invent,unless,collect
3、字母组合ea:bread,heavy,head,ready,death,already,instead,feather,leather,weather
4、/æ/1、字母a在闭音节中:that,ladder,matter,man,rabbit,panda,bank,channel,cat,cap,back
2、字母a在“ve”前:have
5、/ɜ:/1、字母组合or在字母“w”后:work,word,world,wor,worth,worker
2、字母组合er在重读音节中:her,German,term,thermos,prefer,person,rve,nervous
3、字母组合ir:girl,bird,third,circle,shirt,skirt
4、字母组合ur:turn,nur,disturb,surf,Thursday
5、字母组合ear:heard,earth,early,year,learn,arch
6、/ə/1、字母a在弱读:banana,England,elephant,animal,another,madam,veral,probably,human,island,
machine,comfortable
2、字母e在弱读中:broken,moment,even,accident,happen,quarrel
3、字母o在弱读中:conductor,opposite,tonight,melon,police,produce,collect,protect,pollute
4、字母u弱读中:unless,suppo,success
5、字母组合ou:famous,nervous
6、字母组合or在弱读中:forget
7、字母组合er做后缀时:under,teacher,ruler,brother,sister,father,mother,supper
8、字母组合er在弱读中:concert,western,dert,shepherd
7、/ɑ:/1、字母a在字母“n”前:dance,can’t,shan’t,France,answer,chance,banana
2、字母a在字母“s”“ss”前:ask,past,basket,class,glass,last,grass,basketball
3、字母a在“th”前:father,rather,path
4、字母组合ar:hard,car,large,bookmark,mark,regard,barn,chart,cart,hard,garden,park
5、字母组合al特殊发音:half
6、字母组合au特殊发音:laugh
7、字母组合are:are
8、字母组合ear:heart
8、/ʌ/1、字母o在“m,n,th”前:come,some,front,month,son,Monday,monkey,money,another,brother,mother,
nothing,other,none,wonder但tomb/u:/
2、字母o特殊发音:does,love,among,colour,discover
3、字母u在闭音节中:must,sun,duck,uncle,puzzle,nut,dumpling,conductor,fun,butter,club,cup,much
4、字母组合ou/ʌ/:trouble,young,double,country,cousin,rough,encourage,tough
5、字母组合oo/ʌ/特殊发:blood,flood
9、/ɔ:/1、字母组合ough/ɔ:/:bought,thought
2、字母组合or的一般发音:for,short,boring,storm,corn,corner,order,important,nor,hor,forty,morning
3、字母组合ar/ɔ:/在字母“w”或音标/w/后:war,quarter,towards
4、字母组合al/ɔ:/一般发音:wall,tall,ball,fall,hall
【注:字母组合al/ɔ:l/特殊发音also,already,always,salt,so-called,although】
5、字母组合oor/ɔ:/:floor,door
6、字母组合ore/ɔ:/:before,more,score
7、字母组合our/ɔ:/:four,yours,cour,fourth
8、字母组合au/ɔ:/:August,autumn,pau,audience,caught,taught
9、字母组合aw/ɔ:/:draw,law
10、/ɒ/1、字母a在“w”前“wh”后:what,wash,want,watch,wallet,但:water/ɔ:/
2、字母o在闭音节中:John,doctor,office,soccer,rock,concert,foggy,across,possible,cost,cotton,teapot,
rocket,of,not,box,long
3、字母组合au/ɒ/特殊发音:becau
11、/u:/1、字母o在“wh”后:who,who,whom
2、字母o的特殊发音:move,do,two,improve,lo
3、字母u在“l”前后:blue,ruler,flu,rule
4、字母u的特殊发音:June,truth,pollute,true
5、字母组合ou:group,soup,through
6、字母组合oo的一般发音:afternoon,room,broom,zoo,moon,pool,school,noodle,spoon,tool,tooth,
cool,shoot,too
7、字母组合oo的特殊发音:food,afood
8、字母组合ew的特殊发音:drew
12、/ʊ/1、字母u的特殊发音:put,push,sugar,full,pull
2、字母组合oo,一般在字母“k,d,t”前:book,look,good,foot,cook,wood
3、字母组合oo/ʊ/弱读中:classroom,bedroom,sitting-room,cookie
双元音:(8个)
1、/eɪ/1、字母a在开音节中“a”发字母本:name,page,date,lazy,café,wave,cake,face,plate(以及单词:
paper,baby,table,radio)
2、字母组合ea/eɪ/:great,break
3、字母组合ai一般情况下:train,fail,mainland,rail,straight,rain,maid,tail
4、字母组合ei/eɪ/:eight,eighth
5、字母组合ay/eɪ/在重读中:day,today,display,may,play,away
6、字母组合ey/eɪ/:they
2、/aɪ/1、字母i在开音节中:quite,side,outside,invite,dive,twice,mine,bike,like,nice,time(以及单词:driver,
Friday)
2、字母i在“nd”前:kind,behind,find,mind,blind,China,Chine,
3、字母组合ie/aɪ/:die,lie
4、字母组合ei/aɪ/:neither,either
5、字母组合i(gh)/aɪ/:high,light,right,night,bright
6、字母y在重读音节中:my,why,sky,by,fly
3、/ɔɪ/1、字母组合oi:noi,join,oil,voice,toilet,coin,spoil,toil,boil
2、字母组合oy:boy,toy,enjoy,hoyden,loyal
4、/əʊ/1、字母“o”在开音节中:hope,no,ago,alone,piano,notice,mobile,home,tho,go,no,so,over
2、字母o在字母“ld”前。cold,old,hold,soldier
3、字母o在“st”前。most,post,almost,most
4、字母组合oa:boat,goat,goal,coat,Joan但abroad发音为/ɔ:/
5、字母组合ow:window,yellow,low,own,show,throw,bowl,know,blow,slow
5、/aʊ/1、字母组合ow:how,cow,down,crowd,downstairs,shower,allow,now
2、字母组合ou:hou,trours,found,ground,loud,mouth,mount,without,proud,mouth,round,about
【注:字母组合our发/aʊə/:our,ours,hour】
6、/ɪə/1、字母组合ea:idea,real,really,theatre,realize
2、字母组合ere:here
3、字母组合eer:ioneer,deer,beer,jeer
4、字母组合ear的一般发:near,hear,dear,appear,disappear,fear
7、/eə/1、字母组合are:careful,carefully,hare,care,dare,mare
2、字母组合air:hair,chair,downstairs,air,pair
3、字母组合eir:their,theirs
4、字母组合ere:there,where
5、字母组合ear:bear,dear,pear,tear
8、/ʊə/1、字母组合ua:February,January,usually
2、字母组合ure:sure
清辅音:(11个)
1、/p/字母p:map,pupil,paper,people
2、/t/字母t:ten,too,coat,what
3、/k/1、字母c在词前:cap,cook,clock,come,cold,clo
2、字母组合ck:cock,Jack,chick,chicken,duck,black,ticket
3、字母组合ch的特殊发音:school,chemical,chemistry
4、字母k:Kate,look,book,like
4、/f/字母f的一般发音。life,for,five,four,fifty,first,knife
5、/θ/字母组合th【一般在名词、数词、形容词、动词中发音】:maths,three,thin,think,third,thank,Thursday
6、/s/1、字母s的一般发音:bus,glass,class,sister,sit,hor,hou
2、字母c:city,certainly,rice,piece
3、字母c在字母i,e,y前:pencil,nice
7、/ʃ/1、字母组合ch的特殊发音:Machine
2、字母组合sh的一般发音:wash,she,fish,ship,sheep,finish
8、/tʃ/字母组合ch的一般发音:chair,teacher,China,chick,such
9、/tr/字母组合tr:tree,street,tractor,try,trip,train
10、/ts/字母组合ts:boats,coats,minutes,plants,let’s,What’s,coats,ats
11、/h/字母组合wh在字母o前:who,who,whom
字母h:he,here,hers,hello
浊辅音:(17个)
1、/b/字母b:bag,bad,bat,band,bye,blind
2、/d/字母d:dog,desk,under,and
3、/g/字母g(g):good,girl,big,egg,god
4、/v/字母f:of,
字母v:very,visit,five,ven
5、/ð/字母组合th【一般在代词、冠词、副词中的发音】:this,the,that,tho,the,then,there,their,brother
6、/z/字母s:ro,clo,as,his,is,busy,has,no,who,plea
字母z:zoo,zone,zero,size
7、/ʒ/字母s:usually,pleasure,treasure,measure,vision,television
8、/dʒ/1、字母g在e前(字母组合g(e))一般的发音:orange,page,large,vegetable,change,village,passage,
2、字母j在词前:jeep,John,Joan,Jack,job,juice,just
9、/dr/字母组合dr:drive,driven,hundred,dress,driver,drink
10、/dz/字母组合ds:birds,beds,grades,needs,hands,heads,goods
11、/r/字母r:red,room,read,brown
12、/m/字母m:man,milk,home,from
13、/n/字母n在词前:nice,nine,noon,no,name
14、/ŋ/1、字母n在k前发音:ink,thank,think,drink,sink
2、字母组合ng的一般发音:long,young,singer,sing,wrong,morning,
【注:ng/ŋg/特殊发音:English,language,penguin】
15、/ǀ/1、字母l:like,love,left,lesson
2、字母ll:ball,tall,wall,small
16、/w/wh的一般发音:what,when,where,white,everywhere,which,why
字母w:wear,well,window,Wednesday
17、/j/字母y在词前:yes,yellow,yet,you,your
/ju:/字母u在音节中:u,duty,excu,Tuesday,usually,huge,future,menu
字母组合ew/ju:/:new,renew,few,knew
字母组合ex的一般发音/ɪks/:excu,expect,exchange,explain,expensive,explore
ex/ɪk/except
ex/eks/exerci,exit,explanation,export,expert,exhibition
ex/ɪgz/example,exam,examination
字母x的一般发音:/ks/box,next
x/gz/example,exam
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