直接引语和间接引语

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直接引语和间接引语

考点1、人称的变化

1）“一随主”。直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：

Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”→Hesaidthathewasverysorry.

2）“二随宾”。直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，

转换为第一人称“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.

→MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.

3）“三不变”。直接引语中第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说，转换成第三人称。

如：Shesaidtoherson,“she'llcheckhishomeworktonight.”

→Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.

4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：

Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”

→HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.

考点2、时态的转换

直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词

在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化

如下：直接引语→间接引语

一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时

过去完成时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时过去进行时→过去进行时一般将来时

→过去将来时

例如：“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.→Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.

Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.

从句时态无须改变的情况:

1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时/将来时的时候，如：

Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”→Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.

Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”→Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.

3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：(优化方案p11语法专练2)

Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”→Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

4）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

5）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，时态不不变。

Hesaid,“Igetupatsiteverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsiteverymorning.”

6）当直接引语中有以when,while，since引导的从句，只改变主句时态，从句时态不变，如：

said，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”→Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,he

usuallyplayedfootballafterschool.

aidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”

→oldthemthatJoehadtoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.

6）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象;谚语、格言时，如：

Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthan

sound.

Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”→Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.

7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,

udto,need时,保持不变。例如：

Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”→ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.

Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”→Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.

Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”→Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedheroffice

bythen.

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Theteachersaid,“Youneedn'thandinyourcompositionstoday.”

→Theteachersaidweneedn't/didn'tneedto/didn'thavetohandinourcompositions.

Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”→Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.

〔注〕：此处用hadto代替must更好

考点4：指示代词、时间、地点状语和动词变化

1）时间状语：

直接引语→间接引语

now→thentomorrow→thenext（following）daytoday→thatdaynextweek→thenext

（following）week（month,year）

yesterday→thedaybeforetwodaysago→twodaysbeforelastweek（month,year）→theweek

（month,year）before

thisweek→thatweek（month,year）

2）指示代词：the变成tho3）地点状语：here变成there4）动词：come变成go，

bring变成take

Shesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..

注意：如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,

thisafternoon等均不必改变。如：

Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”→Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow.

考点5、语序的变化

1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也

可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,,，不可直接说toldthat,如：

Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”→HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.

此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又

如：

Hesaid，“I'mlatebecauoftheheavytraffic.”（根据句意理解改动词）→Heexplainedtousthathewas

latebecauoftheheavytraffic.

如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般

不省略，以免混乱。

Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”→Thedoctorsaid（that）Iwasnot

riouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.

2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中

谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序。

Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”

→Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.

3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….

如：

Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”→HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.

4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表

达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：

Heasked，“What'syourname?”→Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.

Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”

→Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.

注意1：本身特殊疑问代词做主语语序不变。

Myheadteachersaid:“wholikesreadinginthepark?”→Myheadteacheraskedwholikedreadinginthe

park.

注意2：

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’thematter(withyou)?

’swrong(withyou)?(语序不变)

’sthetrouble(withyou)?（语序要变）

5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advi,tell,warn,

order,request等。如，（由肯定祈使句变成）o（由否定祈使句转变），

并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。

Hesaid，“Beated,plea.”→Heaskedustobeated.

“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.→Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothere

again.

“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.

→Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.

6）有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：

Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”→Hesuggestedourhavingarest.

Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”→Heofferedtohelpme.

7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用h./suggest

doing/h.等形式转述。如：

“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.→Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.

“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.→Headvidustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwe

gooutforawalk.

8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：

Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或→Shesaidthatitwasa

lovelyday.

练习1：Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”

dtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”——>

3.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”theteachersaid.

d,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”——>

Keys:

askedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.

dtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.

cheraskedusnotlookoutofthewindow.

dthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.

一、将下面的直接引语变成间接引语

1．Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”→

2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”→

3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→

4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”→

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5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”→

6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”→

7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,plea.”→

tome,“Iwasbornin1978.”→

9.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother

10.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethivening?”Maryaskedme.→

二、.单项选择

d________forthecomputer.

hIpaid

2.“Haveyouenthefilm?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_______.

rIhadenthe

film

3.“Pleaclothewindow,”hesaidtome.

→He______me_____thewindow.

;;;;pleaclo

4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid_________.

teacher

,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”

→He_____-verynaughty.

hismotherthattheboyis

ohismotherthattheboywas

6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”

→Sheasked________.

ealreadygotwell,hadn’rIhadalreadygotwell

readygotwell.

d,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”

→Heaskedme_________.

artymemberoraLeaguemember

rwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.

d,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_______.

I

gettingalong

dme________withme.

ematerwas

’sthematter

,“Don’tdothatagain.”He_____me_______thatagain.

me;me;don’tdo

;don’;nottodo

’tknow____tolearnEnglish.

begins

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dme____.

eweatherwouldbelikethenextday

uldtheweatherbelikethenextday

’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheniceSpringFestivalprents.

itedwerethey

rehowexcited

dmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.

noff

ememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?

ebeen

guess____?

hatman

dmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.

foreignlanguageisimportant

ortantistheforeignlanguage

tesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.

;;;;havehad

saskedhiscretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.

;;r;r;not

rhowmuch_____.

pendonhiscar

tinhiscar