英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习(附答案)
构成名词常用的后缀(共有15种方法)
1.---ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾,该y为i再加ness
happy(快乐的)---------------------------happiness(快乐)clever
(聪明的)-cleverness(聪明)
kind(善良的)kindness(善良)polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼
貌)
2.---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再
加ity
Real(真实的)---------------------------reality(现实)popular(受
欢迎的)--------popularity(受欢迎)
pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净)Possible(可能的)possibility(可
能)
probable(大概)probability(大概的)
3.---enceent结尾的形容词变成名词改为ence
abnt(缺席的)abnce(缺席)different(不同的)difference
(不同)
excellent(优秀的)excellence(优秀)patient(耐心的)patience
(耐心)
4.---ance/ancy带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-
ancy后缀。例如:distant(遥远的)--distance(远处)important
(重要的)------------------------------importance(重要)
accept(接受)---acceptance(接受)disappear(消失)---disappearance
(消失)
5.---ment动词+ment变成名词
develop(发展)---development(发展)enjoy(喜爱)enjoyment(喜爱)
amaze(使惊奇)---------------------------amazement(惊奇)excite
(使激动)------excitement(激动)
argue(争论)---argument(争论)judge(判断)
judgment(判决)
admit(准许)admission(入场费)permit(许可)permission
(允许)
6.---ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词
inspect(检查)inspection(检查)
7.---ion
以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时,可以直接在其后加-ion
express(表达)expression(表达)Discuss(讨论)discussion(讨
论)
impress(使----------留下印象)impression(印象)
以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时,应该去掉不发音的e
再加ion
educate(教育)education(教育)liberate(解放)---liberation
(解放)
translate(翻译)-translation(翻译)graduate(毕业)
------------------------------------------graduation(毕业)
以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时,通常的做法是先将
e改成a然
后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei会使这个词读起来上口)
admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕)recite(背诵)recitation
(背诵)
prepare(准备)preparation(准备)invite(邀请)invitation
(邀请)
10---sion以de结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,去掉字母组合de再
collect(收集)collection(收集)lect(选择)lection(选择)
act(行动)action(行动)
argue(争论)---argument(争论)judge(判断)
judgment(判决)
admit(准许)admission(入场费)permit(许可)permission
(允许)
加上sion
decide(决定)decision((决定)divide(分开)division
(分开)
provide(提供)provision(提供)conclude(推断)-
conclusion(推论)
11.---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,先将词尾
t,然后再
加-ssion
12.---hood
child(孩子)--------------------------childhood(孩童时期)
neighbour(邻居)--------------------------neighbourhood(邻居关系)
mother(母亲)motherhood(母亲的身份)brother(兄弟)---brotherhood
(兄弟关系)
13.---ship
friend(朋友)---friendship(友谊)relation(关系)--relationship
(关系)
scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者)citizen(公民)citizenship(公
民身份)
14.---ing
feel(感到,摸)---feeling(感觉)build(建设)---building(建筑
物)
meet(集合)meeting(会议)hear(听)hearing(听力)
15.---th
deep(深的)depth(深度)wide(宽的)width(宽度)
long(长的)length(长度)strong(强大的)strength(力量,强
度)
一、将下列动词转换为名词。
序
号
动词名词汉语
序
号
动词名词汉语
1achieve28approve
2appoint29arrive
3astonish30propo
4
equip
31
refu
5govern32survive
6
argue
33
cold
7act34aware
8admit35kind
9attract36weak
10compete37lonely
11contribute38lazy
12expect39cruel
13explain40disable
14repeat41national
15admire42grow
16appreciate43strong
17celebrate44free
18graduate45bore
19hesitate46confident
20invite47violent
21organize48convenient
22translate49distant
23decide50
significan
t
24discuss51accurate
25permit52private
26
discover
53
27recover54
theoldsaying
goes,
(honest)isthebest
policy.
、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正
确形式。
1..⋯moreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheir
personal________(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.
tspeed_______(eat)traintheirstomachstoexpand.
no
(choo)buttoprepareforit,
though.
heless,apologiesmightbeanimportantsocialtoolas
theyreaffirm(重新确认)the
(exist)ofrulesthatneedtobe
obrved.
dentsuavideogamecontrollerto
directitsthetank.
(move)
in
ronceorganized
arabbit.
(compete)betweenhisdogand
his
lywith
mygreat
speaker.
(confident)buildingup,Inowturn
outtobea
eadytoface
any
(hard)
.
ow
great
(anxious)abouttheirretirement
allowance.
'tthinkyouaretellingmethe
whole
(true)aboutwhat
happened.
owledge
andbythepeople.
(wi),theoldmanisrespectedand
loved
gramwillbeof_____(significant)inthe
process.
wardedforhis______(brave)inthe
battle.
fect________(pronounce)attractedeveryoneprent.
argedfor______________(admit)sowecan'tenter
without________(permit).
nelikestoworkinpleasant___(surround).
sisnotfinaland_____(fail)ecourageto
continuethatcounts.
bratedthe_______(arrive)oftheNewYearwithapartyforhis
friends.
d_______(marry),bothhusbandandwifeworkhardtosolveany
problemsthatari.
三、高考真题演练,在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
1._____________________________________________________(2019全国1卷)In
recentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasinbearsightings
aroundhumanttlements,leadingtoa________________________(believe)
thatpopulationsareincreasing.
2.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocalevents
andletusknowofaninteresting(compete)towatch,togetherwith
thestorybehindit.
3._____________________________Thisswitchhasdecread(pollute)inthe
country____________________________'smajorlakesand
rervoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
chershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreainfood
eatenoutsidethehomeandtheriin_____(weigh)problems.
isMireyaMayor.I'ma____(science)whostudiesanimalssuchas
apesandmonkeys.
6.________________________________________________Thisdevelopmentwasonly
possiblewiththe_______________________________________(introduce)of
electric--poweredenginesandlifts.
eterminedtocarryonwithher_____(educate)
kmefromapoor,unhappycollegestudentandbroughtmeintoherworld,a
worldofsmiles,loveand______(warm).
utmyguidebookinwhichtherewasalotofinformationaboutthecity's
well-knownTourist________(attract)andstartedtoread.
andacupuncture(针灸)arebothdesignedtoadjustthefunctionofthe
body,releablockedflowofenergy,andbringaboutanof___
(relax)andwell-being.
'snotuncommonforanewfriendoranacquaintancetocometoasimple
__________(conclude)afterobrvingmethatmyChinehusband,Jun,must
haveshownmehowtouchopsticks
efolktales,thelionhasalwaysbeenasymbolof_(brave)
powerandgoodluck.
erfectcombinationofcolor,shape,_(appear)andflavor.
Deliciousandnutritiousfoodhasbeenregardedasthebasicsofordinarylife.
14.______(aware)ofdangersofpollutionhasresultedinmorestrictrulesof
wastedisposal.
eagood_________(play)withouthavingtothinkwhetherheisa
popularperson,andhecanfindhimlfbeingaufulpartnertosomeoneofwhom
heisordinarilyafraid.
构成名词--构成表示人的名词(共有8种方法)
1.---er表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人
teach(教)teacher(教师)read(读)reader(读者)village(村庄)villager(村
民)London(伦敦)Londoner(伦敦人)
2.---or表示"⋯⋯者"
conduct(管理)------------------------conductor(管理者)visit(参观)visitor
(游客)
Educate(教育)-----------------------educator(教育者)act(行为)actor(男演
员)
3.---ar
beg(恳求)---------------------beggar(乞丐)lie(说谎)liar(说谎者)
Scholar(学者)
4.---ess表示女性
act(行为)actress(女演员)host(主人)hostess(女主人)
manager(经理)manageress(女经理)lawyer(律师)---lawyeress(女律师)
5.---e表示"⋯⋯国人,⋯⋯⋯地方的人“
China(中国)Chine(中国人)Japan(日本)Japane(日本人)
Canton(广东)Cantone(广东人)Taiwan(台湾)Taiwane(台湾人)
6.---ian⋯⋯地方人,信仰⋯⋯.教的人,从事⋯⋯职业的人
Music(音乐)musician(音乐家)physic(医药)physician(内科医生)
Politics(政治)politician
(政治家)
history(历史)historian
(历史学家)
7.---ist,表示"从事⋯⋯研究者,信仰⋯⋯主义者
Novel(小说)---------------------------novelist(小说家)cycle(自
行车)-------cyclist(骑车人)
Science()scientist(科学家)social()socialist(社会主义者)
8.有时会直接用表示人的词构词,象-boy,-girl,-man,-woman,
Cow(牛)---cowboy(牛仔)sales(销售)salesgirl(女店员)
Sales(销售)--------------------salesperson(推销员)post()
postman(邮递员)
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词。
(平民
的)→__
___(平民)
y(图书
馆)→_
_____(图书管理
员)
l(专门
的)→_____(专家)
(小提
琴)→_____(提琴家)
(观光)
→
_______________
__(观光者)
(艺术)→
___________________
(艺术家)
l(报
刊)→_
____(记者)
t(账目)
→
_____(会计)
(帮
助)→__
___(助理)
(表演)→
___________________
___(男演员)
(指
导)→_
_____(导演)
(编辑)→
___
___(编辑)
(航行)
→___
___(水手)
e(操
作)→_
____(操作员)
ate
(翻译)→
____(翻译
家)
(等候)
→→_
_____(男服务
员)
英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习答案
、将下列动词词转换为名词。
ement成就、成绩tment任命,约定shment
惊讶ent设备,装备ment政府nt争吵;
论证行动,活动ion承认,入场费9.
attraction吸引,吸引力
ition/competitor竞争者,竞争bution捐款,贡
献
ation预期;预料ation解释tion重
复,重做tion羡慕,赞赏iation欣赏,感谢
ation庆典,庆祝tion毕业tion犹豫
tion邀请
zation组织ation翻译on决定
sion讨论sion允许,许可ery发
现,发觉ry恢复,复原al赞成,同意
l到达,到达者al提议;计划l拒
绝,回绝al/survivor生存,幸存者ss寒冷
ess意识ss善良,体贴ss虚弱,软弱
ness孤独,寂寞ss懒惰,懒散y残
忍;残酷lity残疾,无力ality国际,民族
生长,成长
th力量,体力m自由,自主m厌
ence信心,信任ce暴力;强暴ience便利
ce距离,远处icance意义,重要性cy准
确性,精确y隐私,私密
二、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
ition
icance14..ion
e
ge
三、高考真题演练。
ist
tion
ance
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词
t
list
or
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