autumn是什么意思中文

国际音标（英语语音）中文谐音

元音

单元音

前元音

[i:][i][e][?]

衣~衣碍嘴张小点哎嘴张大点

中元音

[?][?:][?]

阿鹅~鹅

后元音

[u:][u][?:][?][a:]

唔~唔哦~哦啊~

双元音

开合

双元音

[ei][ai][?i][?u][au]

字母A的音字母I的音单词boy的尾音字母O的音

傲单词cow

的尾音

集中

双元音

[i?][ε?][u?]

衣－饿

单词ear的音

哎－饿

单词air的音

乌－饿

单词sure的尾音

辅音

爆破音

清辅音

[p][t][k]

活泼（无）特克

浊辅音

[b][d][g]

搏斗（无）的各

摩擦音

清辅音

[f][s][?][θ][h]

父丝西嘶舌抵上齿喝

浊辅音

[v][z][?][e]

午子衣嗞舌抵上齿

破擦音

清辅音

[t?][tr][ts]

吃戳?次

浊辅音

[d?][dr][dz]

知??捉字

鼻音（浊辅音）

[m][n][?]

姆呢嗯~类似牛叫

舌则音（浊辅音）

[l][r]

勒（元音前）；

尔（词尾

略（元音前）

半元音（浊辅音）

[w][j]

生活（无）叶子（无）

*清音，即全体清辅音；浊音，即全体元音和全体辅音

*[?]又叫长鼻音或者后鼻音

/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t/

/i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik/

/e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help/

/?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t/

/a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k/

/?:/hor/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/cour/k?:s/salt/s?:t/

/?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/′?nist/

/u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loo/lu:s/noon/nu:n/

/u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud/

/?/must/m?st/does/d?z/money/′m?ni/ugly/′?gli/come/k?m/

/?:/nur/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l/

/?/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m/

/ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?/

/?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/po/p?uz/

/ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait/

/au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/?′baut/south/sauθ/hou/haus/

/?i/boy/b?i/toy/t?i/noi/n?iz/voice/v?is/point/p?int/

/i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai′di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?/

/ε?/air/ε?/tear/tε?/care/kε?/dare/dε?/fair/fε?/

there/eε?/

/u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/(停泊)your/ju?/

/p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid/

/b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/bε?/

/t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid/

/d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di?/

/k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend/

/g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest/

/f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/′feiv?rit/

/v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v?/rve/s?:v/never/′nev?/

/θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)

/e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/′m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een/

/s/face/feis/mou/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/

/z/clo/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b?iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz/

/t?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt?/child/t?aild/

/d?/orange/′?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d??b/

/tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k/

/dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/′h?ndrid/

/?/she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi?/shock/??k/shoe/?u:/

/?/pleasure/′ple??/measure/′me??/television/′telivi??n/

/ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/ats/si:ts/

/dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/

/h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f/

/l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait/

/m/my/mai/more/m?:/em/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men/

/n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain/

/?/sing/si?/wing/wi?/ring/ri?/long/l??/beautiful/bju:t?fl/

/j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/

/w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twin/twin/

/r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r??/problem/′pr?bl?m/

附：常见的字母与字母组合发音规则

元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则

元音字母的发音

元音字母a

重读开音节[ei]paper;late;make;lake;face

重读闭音节[?]bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass

（*例外：any一些[e];many许多[e]）

非重读音节[?]或[i]

即：[?]——ago;along;among;above;aloud

[i]——comrade;village;manager；palace;private；necklace

*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属

后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village.

4.在字母w或wh后面，发[?]was;wash;what;want;

(*例外：water水[?:])

5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]

即：dance;France;chance

ask;mask;task;basket

class;grass;glass;pass;——（*例外：mass[?]）

fast;cast;past;last;master;

father;path;bath;——(*例外：maths[?])

(二)元音字母e

1.重读开音节[i:]me;he;she;the;evening

2.重读闭音节[e]hen;get;t;tell;echo

3.非重读音节[i]uless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;

（三）元音字母i或y

1.重读开音节[ai]China;try;my;hi;time;guide;

2.重读闭音节[i]sit;hit;ill;little;system;

3.非重读音节[i]unit;study

(四)元音字母o

1.重读开音节[?u]no;so;go;home;photo;

2.重读闭音节[?]not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;

3.非重读音节[?]purpo;concern

4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[?]

son;month;come;ton;(*例外：Tom[?])

love;dove;glove;above;another

mother;brother;become;some

5.两个单词：woman[‘wu-m?n]女人（单数）;women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）

（五）元音字母u

1.重读开音节[ju:]pupil;student;u;cube

2.重读闭音节[?]或[u]

即：[?]——cut;luck;umbrella;us

[u]——put;full;pull

非重读音节[?]autumn;August;support

●元音字母组合的拼读规则

（一）元音字母a的字母组合

或ay在重读音节中[ei]rain;train;brain;pain

day;may;play;stay;lay

*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei]Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday

+绝大多数辅音字母[?:]small;wall;call;talk;walk；chalk

或[?:l]also;always

*al后面是k时，只发[?:]

al+f或m时，al发[a:]half;calm

-al在词尾非重读[（?）l]medal;metal;(例外canal运河，重音在后[?l])

3.-ance在重读时[a:ns]chance;dance;France

在非重读时[?ns]importance；performance；ambulance

4.-ant非重读[?nt]assistant;important；peasant

5.-ange一般[eind?]change;danger;strange;(*但orange[ind?])

6.-age一般[id?]village;carriage;marriage

7.-ask一般重读时[a:sk]ask;mask;task;basket

8.-ass一般重读时[a:s]class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass[?])

9.-ast一般重读时[a:st]last;past;fast;cast

-aste一般[eist]waste;paste;taste

10.-ath一般[a:θ]bath;path;(*但maths[?θ])

或[a:e]father;rather;(*但gather[?e])

11.-au一般[?:]cau;autumn;August;(*但becau[?])

-augh(t)[?:(t)]caught;taught;daughter

(*例外：laugh[la:f])

12.-aw[?:]draw;saw;law;awful

13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[?]

was;wash;want;what;(*但water[?:])

14.-ar重读音时[a:]party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star

在字母w或音[w]后面时[?:]war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter

在非重读音时[-?]beggar;dollar;solar

15.-are一般[-ε?]hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent

16.-air一般[-ε?]chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair

17.-able一般[eibl]able;cable;table;stable

(二)元音字母e的组合

1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：

-ea[i:]team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;plea;steal

-ea[e]threat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词);peasant

-ea[i?]real;really

-ea[ei]great;break

2.-ee[i:]feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;e

*但是一个例外：coffee[i]

3.-eer[i?]deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer

4.-er重读音节[?:]her;term;rvice;Germany

非重读[?]worker;paper;western;teacher

特殊读法[a:]clerk

5.-ere[i?]here;mere

-ere或者发[ε?]there;where

6.-ear有三种音，分别是：

-ear[i?]ear;dear;near;clear;tear(n.);beard

-ear[?:]early;earth;learn;heard

-ear[a:]heart

*tear作为动词时，发[ε?]

7.-ei[ei]eight;weigh;weight

-ei[ai]height

-ei[i:]receive

8.-ey重读[ei]they;hey;survey

-ey重读[i:]key

-ey非重读[i]monkey;donkey;valley;volleyball

*-et非重读[it]pocket;ticket;rocket

9.-ew一般[ju:]new;few;knew

-ew或者发[u:]grew;threw

-ew还可以发[?u]w

10.-ege[id?]college

11.-est[ist]biggest;modest;happiest;

12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d]lived;studied

-ed在清音后[t]worked;finished

-ed在字母t或d后[id]wanted;needed

（三）元音字母i或y的组合

1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:]field;piece;achieve

-ie在词尾[ai]lie;die;tie

2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)]high;night;light;bright

3.-ir在重读音节[?:]girl;firm;circle;first;third

4.-ire在重读音节[‘ai?]fire;tired;hire;retired;wire

5.-ild[aild]child;wild

6.-ind[aind]find;kind;mind;wind;(*但window[ind])

7.-ing[i?]king;wing;sing;doing;making

8.-(a)tion[(ei)?n]nation;pronunciation;information；composition

-stion[t?n]question

-sion[?n]或[?n]mission使命;precision精密

9.-ye在词尾[ai]good-bye;bye-bye

10.-ist[ist]list;fist;

(四)元音字母o的组合

1.-oa在重音时[?u]boat;coat;road;goat;toad

-oar在重音时[?:]blackboard;aboard

2.-oi，-oy在重音时[?i]boiler;point;join;oil

boy;toy;joy;loyal

3.-oo一般[u:]soon;too;zoo;room;noon;food;mood;boot;moon

*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroom[u]…等等。

在字母k或有时在t，d之前时[u]cook;look;book;took;foot;good；

4.-or在重音时[?:]for;hor;important;morning;born

-or在字母w后面[?:]work;word;world;wor;worth

(*但是wore,worn例外，均发[?:])

-or在非重音时[?]monitor;doctor;professor;forget;

forwards;forgive;conductor

5.-oar一般[?:]board;aboard;blackboard

6.-oor一般[?:]或在美式英语里发[??]door;floor

-oor还发[u?]poor

7.-ore在重音时[?:]snore;more;before;foreign;forest

8.-ou一般[au]shout;loud;round;found

-ou还发[?]country;countryside；trouble

-ou还发[u:]wound;wounded

9.-ough(t)发[?:(t)]ought;brought;bought;fought;thought

(*例外：cough[k?f])

10.-oe[?u]toe;hoe;Joe

11.-old[?uld]old;hold;cold;told

12.-ost[?ust]post;most;host;ghost(*例外cost[?st])

13.-our在重音时[au]sour;our;hour;

还发[?:]four;cour;pour

还发[u?]tour;gourd

-our在词尾(非重音)[?]colour;neighbour;favourite

14.-ow在重音时[au]now;cow;down;how;town

-ow在重音或非重音中[?u]low;yellow;below;follow;grow

tomorrow;window;widow;know;show

（五）元音字母u的组合

1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发[u]

如：full;bull;pull;push;bush

字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发[u:]rule;true;blue;June

2.-ue在词尾[ju:]argue;continue

3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发[u:]fruit;juice

-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发[i]

如：build;guilty;biscuit

(*即就是说字母u不发音)

4.-ur在重音时[?:]turn;return;Thursday;nur;pur

在非重音时[?]surpri;Saturday

-ure在重音时[(j)u?]pure[ju?];manure[ju?];sure[u?]

-ture发[t??]picture;future;mixture

(II)●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则

辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:

1.b在一般情况下[b]back；big;lab;brother

b和u在一起，u常发[i]building；build；busy

-bt一般[t]debt;doubt

2.c在字母e,i或y前面时[s]city;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;central

c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[k]cup;cold;cattle;duck;

bicycle;cap;cut;class;

c在词尾时也发[k]，但后面有e，那还发[s]gymnastic[k];music[k]

grace[s];Bruce[s]

-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前[k]occasion;according;occupy;acclaim

在元音字母e和i之前[ks]accent;success

-ci有时发[?]social

-ch有三种音[t?][k]或[?]如下：

[t?]China;rich;chick;chalk

[k]school;chemist;chemistry;chemical;ache;technology

[?]machine;parachute;moustache

-tch[t?]catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher

-ck[k]duck;luck;ticket;pocket;black;cock

3.d在一般情况下[d]did;made;desk;duck;doubt;damage

-ds发[dz]birds;hands

dr在元音字母前[dr]dry;dress;driver;drill

-dge一般[d?]bridge;fridge;judge;edge

4.f在一般情况下[f]five;flag;life;leaf

5.g在字母e,i或y前面[d?]large;general;gymnastics;age;energy

*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都发[g]

在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[g]goat;game;guard;ghost;glass

在词尾也发[g]big;egg;fig;flag

-gn[n]，即g不发音foreign;sign;gnaw

-gh发[f]或[-](*既不发音)[-]high;thought;light;brought

[f]laugh;cough

-dge发[d?]bridge;knowledge;judge

*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音guess;guest;guard;guide

而-gue在词尾发[g]league;colleague

6.h在一般情况下[h]help;behave;hello;hit;hurry

h在字母r或x后面不发音rhino;exhibition

7.j在一般情况下[d?]joy;judge;injure;journey;January;jar;just

8.k在一般情况下[k]king;milk;kick;kiss;lock;knock

k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发[n]knock;knee;know;knowledge;knife

9.l在元音字母前发[l](*即“勒”音，供参考)light；look;let;lab;live

l在辅音字母或词尾时发[l](*即“尔”音，供参考)cold；ll;chalk

10.m在一般情况下[m]meet;meat;mother;come;make;Tom

m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发[m]comb;tomb;climb;bomber

11.n在一般情况下[n]in;now;next;ton;nest

n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发[m]autumn;column

但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的autumnal;columnist

-ng常发[?]或[?g]发[?]sing;king;English;young

发[?g]finger；younger;language

-nk常发[?k]bank;sink;sank;sunk;ink;thank

12.p在一般情况下[p]map;cap;people;pest

-ph[f]photo;phantom;philosophy;physics;phra

在一般情况下[k]unique;cheque

qu一般发[kw]quarter;quick;quilt;quiet;quite;queen

14.r在元音字母前才发音[r](*即音同“略”供参考)room；read;rest;around

r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音car;star;jar

rh在元音字母前只发[r]rhyme;rhino;rhetoric

15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发[s]

如：e;some;t;sister;works;lips;newspaper;yes;this

注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发[s]音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的

浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：

如：school---音标[sku:l]，而习惯念成[sgu:l]

street---音标[stri:t],而习惯念成[sdri:t]

stubborn---音标[‘st?bn],而习惯念成[‘sd?bn]

student---音标[‘stju:d?nt],而习惯念成[‘sdju:d?nt]

space---音标[speis],而习惯念成[sbeis]

steal---音标[sti:l],而习惯念成[sdi:l]

就是这样，像这样的单词还有很多。这里只列举这么多了。

s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发[z]

如：the;no;lo;ri;wisdom;obrve

词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发[z]

如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys

词尾的s在长元音之后，发[z]hers;yours

s还可以发[?]sure;Russia

-sh一般发[?]sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish

-sch一般情况下[sk]school;scheme(计划)

-sion一般情况下[?n]tension;succession

在元音字母后[?n]decision;conclusion

-sure在元音字母后[??]measure;pleasure

16..t在一般情况下[t]tooth；cat;teach;tool;hit

cut;let;ten;table;taste;

-th一般发[θ]或[e],即发[θ]thin;tooth;youth;think;thigh

发[e]that;with;this;the;tho

-tr[tr]try;trust;trip;trouble;tree;street

-tion[?n]information;organization;pronunciation;production

(*一个例外：question[t?n])

-ture[t??]picture;mixture;future

17.v在一般情况下[v]very;live;vehicle;va;valley;village

18.w在元音字母之前[w]wear;window;widow;week;weak;wisdom

wr[r]write;wrong;wrist;written

wh[h]who;whom;who;whole

wh[w]what;which;when;where;why

aw[?:]draw;saw;law;lawyer;awful

ew[ju:]few;threw;grew;knew;new

ow[?u]own;owner;low;slow;know;below

ow[au]now;cow;crown

19.x在一般情况下[ks]box;fox;next;textile

位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发[gz]exam;exist;anxiety

20.y在元音字母之前[j]you;youth;yes;young

21.z在一般情况下[z]zoo;quiz;zebra;zero;zipper