新东方雅思班

Candidate

Number

CandidateName

INTERNATIONALENGLISHLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEM

ACADEMICREADING

TIME1hour

INSTRUCTIONSTOCANDIDATES

Donotopenthisbookletuntilyouaretoldtodoso.

Writeyournameandcandidatenumberinthespacesatthetopofthispage.

Startatthebeginningofthetestandworkthroughit.

Youshouldanswerallquestions.

Ifyoucannotdoaparticularquestion,returnto

itlater.

Allanswersmustbewrittenontheanswersheet.

Donotremovethisbookletfromtheexaminationroom.

INFORMATIONFORCANDIDATES

Thereare40questionsonthisquestionpaper.

Thetestisdividedasfollows:

ReadingPassage1Questions1-13

ReadingPassage2Questions14-26

ReadingPassage3Questions27-40

1

2

READING

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1–13,whicharebadonReading

Passage1below.

THECAREECONOMY

–internationalmigrationofwomenfromdevelopingcountries

AEveryday,womenfromunderdevelopedcountrieslikeIndia,Mexicoandthe

Philippinespacktheirbagsandleavetheirhomes,familiesandcommunitiesinorderto

rthe

womenfindworkinnurries,day-carecentres,homesorhospitals,lookingafterchildren,

theelderly,theillordisabled,theyallhaveonethingincommon–theyarepartofwhat

manyrearchersnowcallthe“careeconomy”.

BThecareeconomyisnotanewphenomenonbutithasburgeonedonaglobalscale

n1990and2000,thenumberofinternationalmigrants

increadby14percentwithagrowingproportionofthewomennowtravelling

inde

InternationalLabourOrganisation(ILO)hascalledthisgrowthinwomen'strans-national

labourmigration“oneofthemoststrikingeconomicandsocialphenomenaofrecenttimes”.

stisamultitudeof

-classwomenhave

enteredthelabourforceenmasandworkershavebeenloggingmoreandmorehoursat

tion,peopleinthecountriesarenowliving

longerandreproducingataslowerrate,meaningpopulationsacrossthedevelopedworld

hechangeshaveresultedinalargerdemandforcarervicesat

atimewhentheworkingpopulationistoobesiegedwithothercommitmentstoprovidethis

careonavoluntarybasis.

DIndevelopingcountries,cietieshaveyouthful

populationsintheprimeoftheirworkinglives,butsufferfromlowwagesandhigh

unemployment,engoodjobsare

available,theyoftencannotcompetewiththesalariesofferedindevelopedcountries.A

3

fullytrainedandqualifiednurmayearnlessworkingatahospitalinthePhilippines,for

example,thanshewouldasadomesticcarerforafamilyinLosAngeles.

EItiasytoewhythecareeconomyhasdevelopedatsuchapace–itprovides

jobopportunitiesforlargenumbersofunemployedwomenindevelopingcountries,and

affordablecareforstresd,verybody

benefitfromtheglobalisationofcare?

FForwomenindevelopedcountries,morearenowfreetopursuehighereducation

andbettercareers,havingfoundthatpassingcareresponsibilitiesontoathirdpartyallows

themtodedicateasmuchoftheirtimeandenergytotheircareersasmendo,andinmany

casbreakthroughthe“glassceiling”thatheldthembackintheworkplace.

GForthemigrantworkersandtheirfamilies,

workerscanenjoynewlevelsofindependenceandearnbetterincomesthantheycouldat

enthomefromabroadcanaccountfor10-20percentofsomepoorer

countries'GDPs,andmanystudiesdemonstratehowmigrantworkers'paymentshave

cco,forexample,itistimatedthat1.2millionpeoplehave

beenliftedoutofpovertybecauofthepayments,andmuchofthismoneyiscoming

fromthecareeconomy.

tdomesticworkerscan

experienceguilt,isolation,andanxiety,andthelongperiodsawayfromhomecanhurtthe

hilippines,onestudyfoundthatchildrenleft

behindwhentheirmothermigratetendtohavemorebehaviouralproblems,

tioncanalsodrain

developingcountries'workforcesofskilledlabourandencourageyoungpeopletofocus

lessoneducationandtheirlocallivelihoodsinthehopesoffindingbetterjobsabroad.

IThegainincarethatdevelopedcountriexperienceoftencomesatapricethatis

notimmediatelyvisiblewhenwelookonlyattheaffluentsuburbsofcitieslikeHongKong,

iceisthelossofsocial

supportthatfamiliesandcommunitiesinthedevelopingcountriexperiencewhenwomen

migrateinordertoprovidemoresupportfinancially.

4

Questions1–5

ReadingPassage1hasnineparagraphs,A–I.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A–I,inboxes1–5onyouranswersheet.

1evidenceofhowmigrantcareworkerscanimprovelivingstandardsin

theirhomecountries

2anexplanationofhowlivingstandardsindevelopingcountriencourage

womentoemigrate

3negativeeffectsofmigrationonthelivesofcareworkersandtheirfamilies

4anexplanationofhowsocialchangesindevelopedcountrieshavecreateda

needforimmigrantcarelabour

5examplesofwealthyenvironmentswheremigrantwomenfindwork

Questions6–11

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes6–11onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

6Manymigratorywomenarebeingemployedascarersinothercountries.

7Themajorityofinternationallabourmigrantsarewomen.

8Indevelopedcountries,peoplearehavingmorechildren.

9Thereareoftennotenoughjobsforwomeninunderdevelopedcountries.

10Onlywomenwithoutqualificationsbenefitfromemigration.

11Hiringdomesticcarershasimprovedemploymentopportunitiesformany

womenindevelopedcountries.

5

Questions12–13

Choothecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletterinboxes12–13onyouranswersheet.

12InMorocco,paymentsfrommigrantworkershave

Araidthelivingstandardsof1.2millionpoorpeople.

Bloweredthelivingstandardsof1.2millionpoorpeople.

Craidthelivingstandardsof1.2millionwealthypeople.

Dloweredthelivingstandardsof1.2millionwealthypeople.

13Thechildrenofwomenworkingabroadaremorelikelyto

Afeellonelyandworried.

Bdobadlyatschool.

Cbehurtbytheirfamilies.

Dwanttoworklocally.

6

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14–26,whicharebadonReading

Passage2below.

BLOGGING

Aphenomenonofthe21stcentury

AWhen,sometimeinApril1999,computerprogrammerPeterMerholzpostedasmall

noteonhishomepage:“I'vedecidedtopronouncethewordweblogaswee’

forshort”,hehadlittleideaaboutthephenomenonthatwasbeingtinmotion.“Ididn't

thinkmuchofit”,hewroteinhisownblogin2002,“Iwasjustbeingsilly,shiftingthe

syllabicbreakonelettertotheleft...Ienjoyeditscrudeness,itsdissonance.”

BMerholzdidnotactuallyinventthe“blog”,onlytheepithetforthisstyleofinternet

lievedthatthe

originalwebblog–stillmaintainedtothisday–wasstartedbyAmericanuniversity

student,JustinHall,ere,blogginggotofftoaslowstart;inearly1999,

blogsstillnumberedonlyintheirdozens–butlaterthatyearfreeblog-creationrvices

suchasBloggerandEditThisPagewereintroduced,andwithinacoupleyearsthenumber

ofblogshadhitthetensofmillions.

CAblogislittlemorethanawebpagefeaturingchronologicalentriesbyoneormore

people,andusuallylinkingtoothersourcesofinformationorcommentaryintheprocess.

BrigitteEaton,whocompiledapopularblogportalbeforetheywentmainstream,evaluated

submissionsbyonesimplecriterion:“thatthesiteconsistofdatedentries”.

DThissimplemediumhasopeneditlfuptomanydiverpossibilitiesinpractice,

y,manyblogsarediariesinthepersonaln

–chroniclesoffeelings,eventsandchangesintheauthor'reoftenintendedto

beenonlybyaclocircleoffriends,butsometimespersonalbloggersbuildlarger

suprs

whodiscussthechallengesofraisingadisabledchild,forexample,maylinktoandvisit

eachother’spagesforideas,friendshipandencouragementonadailybasis.

EBeyondthat,them

canvastheusualdinner-tableconversationfodder–politics,sports,celebrities,business

7

andtravel,loftheblogspullreadershipnumbersinthemillions

everymonth,ile,other

nsuittailoring,etymology,knitting,

home-schoolingandsilentHollywoodmovieshavefoundsmallerbutnolessdevoted

audiencesintheinternet“blogosphere”.

FWritingablogthatcaptivatespublicinterestisnoeasytask,ires

time,dedication,auniqueperspectiveandimagination,andaknackforsnappy,friendly

ryblogthat

succeedsatthis,ordon,thevicepresidentofTechnorati,aarch

enginethathasover109millionblogsinitslistings,foundover99percentofblogshave

onlyonereader–thebloggerhim-orherlf.“Thevastmajorityofblogxistinastateof

totalorneartotalobscurity”,henotes.

GForthowhodomakeit,theopportunityexiststoexertarealinfluenceonpublic

opinion,

thepudonym,SalamPax,a29-year-oldarchitecturalstudentpublishedreportsonlifein

BaghdadduringtheIraqWarand,indoingso,becameoneofthefewsourcesof

ican

politics,ascandalthatcostSenatorTrentLotthiscareerunfurledwhenbloggerslatched

ontoandpublicidminornewsitemsaboutcommentsthenatorhadmadeduringa

estoryre-enteredthenationalmediaasaresultofthisattention,it

wasonthefrontpageofmajornewspapersandtheheadlinesoftelevisionnewsnetworks.

HConsideringitssimplebasis,whatisitaboutbloggingthathasturneditintoa

globalphenomenon?Thevitalaspectthattsitapartfromothermediasuchasnewspapers,

radio,always,readerscandebatewiththeblogger

andotherreadersina“comment”ctionundereachentry,andthesubjectcanbe

enbloggersdochootocensoroffensive

materialand“trolls”(commenterswhomakecontroversialremarksintentionallydesigned

toignitelong,fierydisputes),thisisusuallymuchlessinterferingthanthetypeofeditorial

lectivitythatgoesintochoosingletterstotheeditorinanewspaper,orscreeningcallson

ngturnsitsaudienceintoparticipants,andtheyarenolongermerely

receivinganewsmedium,butplayinganimportantroleincreatinganddirectingit.

8

Questions14–18

ReadingPassage2haightparagraphs,A–H.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A–H,inboxes14–18onyouranswersheet.

14areferencetopeopleusingblogstosharesimilarconcerns

15adefinitionofablog

16asummaryofhowthepopularityofblogginggrew

17examplesofbloggers’broadereffectsinsociety

18examplesoflesscommonbloggingtopics

Questions19–24

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?

Inboxes19–23onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

19Theterm‘blog’wasinventedin2002.

20PeterMerholzcreatedthefirstblog.

21Thedistinguishingfeatureofablogisitstime-orderedpostings

22Bloggersoftenmeetinperson.

23Somepeoplehavebecomeverywell-knownasaresultoftheirblogs.

24SalamPaxwasajournalistinIraq

Questions25–26

Answerthequestionsbelow.

ChooONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes25and26onyouranswersheet.

25Whatmakesblogsdifferentfromtraditionalmedia?

26Whatdoyoucallpeoplewhodeliberatelytrytostartargumentsonline?

9

READINGPASSAGE3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27–40whicharebadonReading

Passage3below.

UNIVERSITYSCHOLARSHIPS

Whoshouldgetthem?

Rearchfindingscontinuallydemonstratethebenefitsthataccruetouniversity

graduatescomparedtotheircompatriotswhoventureintotheworkingworldwithonlya

ingtoUSCensusBureaustatisticsin2003,

workerswithBachelor'sdegreearnednearly$23,300ayearmorethanhighschool

graduates,makingtertiaryeducationasolidfinancialinvestment.

Andyetitcanalsobeexpensive,withcostsforafour-yeardegreeprogramme

reachingupto$100,Salone,over$168billionin

exactly

theybebadon

academicmerit?Shouldtheyberace-bad?Orclass-bad,thatis,dependenton

socioeconomicstatus?

Race-badaffirmativeactionworksononesimpleprinciple–totreatunequalsas

lous,authorofTenMythsaboutAffirmativeAction,

doesnotbelievethisprogrammeisaformoffightingdiscriminationwithmoreofthesame

(oftencalled‘reverdiscrimination’).Discrimination,heargues,isbadonkneejerk,

unfoundedprejudicesandhatreds,whileaffirmativeactionisarespontosocialdisparity

thatcanbemeasuredandobrvedthroughtheuofpeer-respectedrearchmethods.

Affirmativeactionis,therefore,notanend,butthemeanstoanend,aregrettablebut

necessarysteptowardssmoothingouthistoricalinjusticesinsomesocieties.

JulianBond,professorofhistoryattheUniversityofVirginia,pointstotherecent

news“thatblackgraduatesofprestigiouscollegesanduniversitiesfeeltheymust‘whiten’

theirrésuméstohidetheirblackness”asasignofhowaffirmativeactionhasnotgonefar

enough.“Bringonsocioeconomicstatus”,heargues.“[But]whileyou'reatit,bringback

race-badpolicies–youcannotgetbeyondracewithoutgoingtorace”.

Somerearchersfeelthatfinancialneedisafairermechanismfordistributing

scholarshipfundingandinsistthatracialinequalitiesineducationstemmostlyfromthefact

thatmanyethnicminoritiesaredisproportionatelyreprentedamongthepoor.

10

Unfortunately,theyargue,thebenefitsofrace-badfundingaccruetothewealthier

mem

BennMichaels,aprofessorofEnglishattheUniversityofIllinoisnotesthatmostsuccess

fromrace-badaffirmativeactionamounttolittlemorethan“finetuning…enrolling

moreblackstudentsfromhighersocioeconomicbackgrounds.”

Somepeoplebelievethatethnicminoritieswillreceivethebenefitsof

socioeconomic-badaffirmativeactionanyway,withouthavingtoendurethesocialand

r,otherfindingsdispelthe

iewofaffirmativeactionrearch,undthatalternative

whererace-badprogrammeswerebannedhavebeen

“ineffectiveinrestoringminorityenrolmentinthestates'flagshipinstitutions”.His

rearchalsofoundthatrace-badaffirmativeactionhelpedimprovegraduationratesand

wagesforracialminoritiesandthatthobeneficiariesbecamemoreinvolvedin

communityrvicesthantheirpeers,producinganarrayofothersocialbenefits.

Statistics,however,tendtocorroboratethenotionthatitisthelowerclass,not

ethnicgroups,thatarelosingoutfromcurrentpolicies.A2004studyfoundthatatthemost

lective146educationalinstitutionsintheUSA,74percentofstudentscomefromthe

richestsocioeconomicquarterofthepopulation,andjust3percentfromthebottomquarter,

aroughly25:1ratio.

RogerClegg,presidentandgeneralcounloftheCenterforEqualOpportunity

arguesthat“Iwouldmuchpreferthatpreferencesbebadonsocioeconomicstatusrather

cationalbenefitsthatsuppodlyflowfromadiverstudentbodyare

rootedindifferencesinperspectivesandexperiences—ng

socioeconomicstatuswouldprovidesuchdiversitytoasimilardegreeasrace,andwithout

theugliness,divisiveness,andmyriadothercostsofracialdiscrimination.”

Finally,therearethowhoarguethatusingbothraceandclassaslectioncriteria

resultsinmessy,unfairanddiscriminatoryfundingpracticesandthattheonlywaytofairly

allocatescholarshipsisbyonecriterion:ingtoGeorgeLeef,

directorofrearchattheJohnWilliamPopeCenterforHigherEducationPolicy,

socioeconomicaffirmativeactionisnotthewayforwardfromrace-badlection.“Class-

badaffirmativeactionmerelyshufflesasmallnumberofstudentsfrompoorerfamilies

upintomore-prestigiouscolleges,wheretheyreceiveaneducationthatisn'tnecessarilyany

betterthanthey'shufflesanequalnumberofstudents

11

downinto‘fallback’schoolsjustbecauthostudentsaren'meofmusical

chairsaccomplishesnothing.”Theonlyfairwaytomanagethissituation,heconcludes,is

tohavethebestschoolnrollingthebeststudents.

Thoughthisargumentissoundintheory,however,itisproblematicinthatittreats

udentsoftendonothaveuniversity-educated

parentstoencouragethemandhelpthemwithschoolworkfromayoungage,andtheydo

nothavethesameaccesstoexpensiveprivatetutoringthatchildrenfromwealthierfamilies

portantly,theirparentsoftencannotaffordtopayforcollegetuitionandliving

costs,meaningthestudentstakeonoutsidepaidworkandconquentlydropoutata

eoddsstackedagainstthem,financialneed-bad

-badfundingoften

perpetuatesthem.

12

Questions27–32

Lookatthefollowingnames(Questions27–32)andthelistofviewpointsbelow.

Matcheachnamewiththecorrectviewpoint.

Writethecorrectletter,A–D,inboxes27–32onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuanylettermorethanonce.

27GeorgeLeef

28JulianBond

30RogerClegg

31ScottPlous

32WalterBennMichaels

ListofViewpoints

Ascholarshipsshouldberace-bad

Bscholarshipsshouldbeclass-bad

Cscholarshipsshouldberace-badandclass-bad

Dscholarshipsshouldbemerit-bad

13

Questions33–39

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A–L,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A–L,inboxes33–39onyouranswersheet.

Stgh

thereisstatisticalevidencetojustifytheexpen,33………………….canbeextremely

ialassistanceisofferedintheformofscholarshipstohelpsomestudentspay

their

34…………………....However,thebasisonwhichthescholarshipsareawardedisthe

subjectof35…………..………...Onepointofviewisthathighacademicachievers

rviewisthatthe36…………….……..shouldbegivento

candidatesfromcertain37…………………...,whileotherssaythatthescholarships

ativeactiononthebasisofethnicityisan

attempttoredress

38………..………..oughitmayemtobeanunequal

orunfairwayofdoingit,ative

actionisenasanappropriatewaytohelpthe39……….…………..insocietybecau

theresultsaremeasurableandcanbedocumentedusingvaluedmethods.

AacademicmeritBaffirmativeactionCdisadvantagedpeople

DethnicgroupsEfinancialinvestmentFgrants

GmuchdiscussionHsocialinequalityIsocioeconomicargument

JtertiaryeducationKtuitionfeesLworkingpeople

14

Question40

Choothecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswerinbox40onyouranswersheet.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummaristhewriter’sgeneralconclusion?

AScholarshipallocationbadonmeritcanhelpresolvesocialinequalities.

BPoorstudentsdonotneedfinancialaidtodowellatuniversity.

CMerit-badfundingwronglyassumesapplicantshaveasimilarbackground.

DSocioeconomic-badprogrammesareunfairbutbetterforsociety.