托福真题

托福阅读真题及答案

为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题回忆版,下

面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

北美地区2014年6月8日托福考试真题回忆

2014年6月8日北美地区托福考试都考了哪些题目?以下是

2014年6月8日北美地区托福真题，大家可以练习使用。

托福机经阅读

我遇到了加试，还不是经典加试，人品差哇。

有一篇是讲地球的形成的，先讲了星球大概形成的一个过程。

然后具体说了地球内部的硅浮上来，重物质下去。还讲了地幔和地壳

的形成。然后还有什么一开始是一些神马物质，后来这些物质就走掉

了，还有水汽，还有其他氢啊神马的进来，然后形成最终状态。

有个著名的帝国破灭了，分成了东和西。然后东比较好，需要

防卫的边界线不是很多，还有很多资源;西的话就比较悲惨，要各种

防卫，内忧外患。还有西的话君主特别年轻，8岁和5岁还是神马的

就登基了，然后权臣当道，等他们成年了，也没有发言权了。然后就

说很多人都是为了自己的利益来的，牺牲民众的利益，外敌就入侵了。

还有一篇讲一个国家内战求民主，但是结果很不理想，想要的

木有达到。穷苦民众无力去撼动大地主的利益，然后教堂啥的影响很

小，商人首创严重，大地主反而获利很大。还讲了这个国家对周边国

家的一些影响，有些国家出乎意料还从中受益了。

还有一篇一点印象都木有了!

托福机经听力

有一道是去找教授的，我没听太清楚。姑娘写了篇论文，和教

授分析自己的论文。貌似选择的题目是和网络还有杂志相关的，我没

听清楚到底是网络对纸质媒介的影响，还是网络规范的制定神马的，

这里有题目的。姑娘说自己找了很多资料，教授表示挺惊讶的，估计

觉着资料很难找。然后姑娘天马行空，想写的东西特别多，还想比较

1970年的和现在的情况。教授让她不要弄那么大的题目，最后她绝

对专注于目前。

还有一篇是讲一个男孩选了两门生物课，一门钢琴课。然后导

师劝他放弃其中一门课。男孩说自己非常喜欢生物，也很爱音乐，但

是自己确实没有那么多的时间，每天两个小时的弹琴也没有能保证。

导师也说他是个很好的学生，但是最近的成绩确实不够理想。让他想

清楚自己到底想做神马。学校里有选不同方向的学生，但是他们一般

两个方向都是相关的。她问男孩是不是想弹钢琴去讲生物神马的。男

孩一开始不肯放弃，后来被劝着劝着觉着导师挺有道理的，决定回家

仔细想想放弃哪一门。

有一篇讲百老汇的。说18x.x年有一个新的方式出现了。那段

时间新兴了很多中产阶级，需要娱乐，这里有题。新出来的和普通的

不一样，有很多新点子，引入了芭蕾神马的，还全美巡演20年，还

有移动舞台，给观众全新的体验。

还有一篇讲电影的，教授说这些名字你们都很熟悉吧，但是你

们不一定知道全部的信息。然后就具体讲了迪士尼的动画。说了其中

一部，非常重要，重要的原因貌似是第一部盈利的，这里有题。然后

讲了一个拍摄的新技巧，说镜头拉近，附近的东西会变大，树啊栅栏

啊啥的都变大了，但是太阳不会变大。这个就挺难弄的，如果让画家

画的话太费力了。然后有个人去看了部舞台剧，舞台剧是有背景的，

给了灵感，这里有题。然后就弄了滤片啥的在相机里拍摄，就解决问

题啦。

托福机经口语

1、有三个了解大学的选择

a.周末学校一日游

b.周末两天在playground玩

c.参加大学的课程

问选择哪种去最好的了解学校

2、有人送了一块地，问是用来养花种菜呢还是建儿童游乐园

3、阅读：有人给学校写了封建议信，刊登在学校的报纸上。

学校附近有一个小咖啡厅兮兮的东西，提供饮料和小cookie。这是非

常好的，但是有两个建议，一个是提供一些耐吃的食物，三明治神马

的;一个是建议多一些轻音乐。

对话：一男一女，女孩说觉得这个建议非常赞啊。说那里是休

息的一个好地方，吃点东西神马的太便利了。但是饿的时候小cookie

木有用，确实需要一些其他的吃的;然后音乐太吵了，自己在那里完

全没有办法看书，只能回宿舍。

4、阅读：一个协同作战之类的词，讲动物之间一般会一起做

一样的事情。而且协同作战还会让他们更团结，抵抗外敌。

听力：教授举了某种动物做例子，说在迁徙的时候，如果一只

口渴停下来喝水，其他不渴的也会停下来喝，喝完再一起继续迁徙。

为嘛他们要一起呢，因为在dry

opengrass上有很危险的敌人，有狮子神马的。如果单独行动太危

险了，很有可能丧命。

5、一男一女对话。男孩很苦恼，遇到问题了。他现在住的屋

子的房东准备把屋子卖了，然后有个看上的买家非常着急要买，他还

有一周多一些的时间可以搬家。他现在有两个选择方案，一个是他的

朋友在学校附近有个屋子在招租，但是他觉着这样他就没法定下心来

学习了;还有就是和父母住一起，但是父母住的地方忒远了。很难抉

择。

6、有关动物的。说动物有两个适应特性，一个是Physical适

应，一个是habit适应还是神马的。讲了一个动物在极度寒冷的地方，

为了保持自身的热量如何很好地用两种方法来适应。一个是他们的颜

色是黑色的，黑色能吸收更多的太阳光，热量传到身体里面。一个是

它们平时站在冰块上，于是它们采取不同于寻常的站立方式，木有用

两只脚，而是用了脚后跟。

托福机经写作

1、阅读材料

科学家们2000年和2010在两个相隔1500Mile的地方发现一

个我不认识的物种，这个动物正常情况下是黑色带有少许白色斑点，

结果两次发现的是全白色的，这个发现非常神奇。但是科学家们仔细

分析了下，说这两个东西不是同一物种，并从三个方面给出了分析。

a.轻微的颜色差异：第一次非常白，第二次微白;

b.相隔太远：两次相隔了1500mile，他们在岸边不会走这么远;

c.年龄估计：第一次估计是20岁，那就意味着第二次得要30

岁，科学家表示不太可能，我没太能弄懂这个的意思，但是就是这么

说的。

综上所述，这两个物种不是同一个。

听力材料

教授的观点是认为他们是同一个物种，从三点分别驳斥了这些

科学家的观点

a.

这个生物生活的地方会长貌似是藻类alga,然后这个藻类不同季节

的生长情况不太一样。不同季节会对这个动物的颜色有一定的影响，

有可能白还是不白时候是被这个藻类覆盖了。

b.

这个生物按生活习性分为两类，一类是hunting，一类是fishing，有

可能被发现的是fishing的，它待在冰上，随着冰漂移2000mi也是很

容易滴，所以在这两个地方发现同一个是很有可能的。

c.

年龄有可能被预估错误了，这个生物到20岁以后就没啥变化了，

20岁和30岁长得很像的。科学家认为是20岁，万一是25捏?反正

就是年龄预估这事不靠谱。

综上所述，教授认为，很有可能是同一个物种

2、有些人认为成绩应该由许多小assignment的成绩综合，有

些人认为应该1-2次大成绩。写出自己的观点，并给出案例和分析。

托福阅读真题及答案

TimberlineVegetationonMountains

Thetransitionfromforesttotreelesstundraonamountainslopeis

often

averticaldistanceofjustafewtensofmeters,

trees

disappearasalife-formandarereplacedbylowshrubs,herbs,and

grass.

Thisrapidzoneoftransitioniscalledtheuppertimberlineortreeline.

In

manymiaridareasthereisalsoalowertimberlinewheretheforest

pass

intosteppeordertatitsloweredge,usuallybecauofalackof

moisture.

Theuppertimberline,likethesnowline,ishighestinthetropics

and

esfromalevelinthePolar

Regionsto

4,500metersinthedrysubtropicsand3,500-4,500metersinthemoist

tropics.

Timberlinetreesarenormallyevergreens,suggestingthatthehave

some

advantageoverdeciduoustrees(thothatlotheirleaves)inthe

extreme

resomeareas,however,

where

sofbirch,for

example,

mayoccuratthetimberlineinpartsoftheHimalayas.

Attheuppertimberlinethetreesbegintobecometwistedand

deformed.

Thisisparticularlytruefortreesinthemiddleandupperlatitudes,

which

tendtoattaingreaterheightsonridges,whereasinthetropicsthetrees

reach

becaumiddle-andupper-

latitudetimberlinesarestronglyinfluencedbythedurationanddepthof

the

nowisdeeperandlastslongerinthevalleys,trees

tendto

attaingreaterheightsontheridges,eventhoughtheyaremoreexpod

to

high-velocitywindsandpoor,ropics,thevalleys

appeartobemorefavorablebecautheyarelesspronetodryout,they

have

lessfrost,andtheyhavedeepersoils.

Thereisstillnouniversallyagreed-onexplanationforwhythere

shouldbe

suchadramaticcessationoftreegrowthattheuppertimberline.

Various

hsnow,forexample,

cansmother

trees,andavalanchesandsnowcreepcandamageordestroythem.

Late-lyingsnow

reducestheeffectivegrowingasontothepointwhereedlings

cannot

locityalsoincreaswithaltitudeand

maycau

riousstressfortrees,asismadeevidentbythedeformedshapesat

high

ientistshavepropodthattheprenceofincreasing

levels

ofultravioletlightwithelevationmayplayarole,whilebrowsingand

grazing

lythe

most

importantenvironmentalfactoristemperature,forifthegrowing

asonistoo

shortandtemperaturesaretoolow,treeshootsandbudscannotmature

sufficientlytosurvivethewintermonths.

Abovethetreelinethereisazonethatisgenerallycalledalpine

tundra.

Immediatelyadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairly

complete

coveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrass,whilehigherupthe

numberand

diversityofspeciesdecreauntilthereismuchbaregroundwith

occasional

antscan

even

hest

plantsin

theworldoccurataround6,

thisgreat

height,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmallsnowdrifts.

Themoststrikingcharacteristicoftheplantsofthealpinezoneis

their

ablesthemtoavoidtheworstrigorsofhigh

windsand

permitsthemtomakeuofthehighertemperaturesimmediately

adjacenttothe

eawherelowtemperaturesarelimitingtolife,

the

growth

formcanalsopermittheplantstotakeadvantageoftheinsulation

providedby

quatorialmountainsthelowgrowthform

isless

prevalent.

Paragraph1:Thetransitionfromforesttotreelesstundraona

mountain

averticaldistanceofjustafew

tensof

meters,treesdisappearasalife-formandarereplacedbylowshrubs,

herbs,

pidzoneoftransitioniscalledtheuppertimberline

or

miaridareasthereisalsoalowertimberlinewhere

the

forestpassintosteppeordertatitsloweredge,usuallybecauofa

lack

ofmoisture.

d“dramatic”inthepassageisclostinmeaningto

○gradual

○complex

○visible

○striking

sthelowertimberlinementionedinparagraph1likely

tobe

found?

○Inanareathathaslittlewater

○Inanareathathaslittlesunlight

○Aboveatransitionarea

○Onamountainthathasonuppertimberline.

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1about

boththe

upperandlowertimberlines?

○Botharetreelesszones.

○Bothmarkforestboundaries.

○Botharesurroundedbydertareas.

○Bothsufferfromalackofmoisture.

Paragraph2:Theuppertimberline,likethesnowline,ishighestin

the

esfromalevelinthe

Polar

Regionsto4,500metersinthedrysubtropicsand3,500-4,500metersin

the

linetreesarenormallyevergreens,suggestingthat

the

havesomeadvantageoverdeciduoustrees(thothatlotheirleaves)

inthe

resomeareas,

however,

sofbirch,

for

example,mayoccuratthetimberlineinpartsoftheHimalayas.

aph2supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabout

deciduous

trees?

○Theycannotgrowincoldclimates.

○Theydonotexistattheuppertimberline.

○Theyarelesslikelythanevergreenstosurviveattheupper

timberline.

○Theydonotrequireasmuchmoistureavergreensdo.

Paragraph3:Attheuppertimberlinethetreesbegintobecome

twistedand

particularlytruefortreesinthemiddleandupper

latitudes,

whichtendtoattaingreaterheightsonridges,whereasinthetropicsthe

trees

becaumiddle-and

upper-

latitudetimberlinesarestronglyinfluencedbythedurationanddepthof

the

nowisdeeperandlastslongerinthevalleys,trees

tendto

attaingreaterheightsontheridges,eventhoughtheyaremoreexpod

to

high-velocitywindsandpoor,ropics,thevalleys

appeartobemorefavorablebecautheyarelesspronetodryout,they

have

lessfrost,andtheyhavedeepersoils.

d“attain”inthepassageisclostinmeaningto

○require

○resist

○achieve

○endure

d“they”inthepassagerefersto

○valleys

○trees

○heights

○ridges

d“prone”inthepassageisclostinmeaning

to，/toefl/来源：北京新航道托福培训

○adapted

○likely

○difficult

○resistant

ingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingistrueoftrees

inthe

middleandupperlatitudes?

○Treegrowthisnegativelyaffectedbythesnowcoverinvalleys.

○Treegrowthisgreaterinvalleysthanonridges.

○Treegrowthonridgesisnotaffectedbyhigh-velocitywinds.

○Treegrowthlastslongerintholatitudesthanitdoesinthe

tropics.

Paragraph4：Thereisstillnouniversallyagreed-onexplanationfor

why

thereshouldbesuchadramaticcessationoftreegrowthattheupper

h

snow,for

example,cansmothertrees,andavalanchesandsnowcreepcan

damageordestroy

-lyingsnowreducestheeffectivegrowingasontothepoint

where

locityalsoincreas

with

altitudeandmaycauriousstressfortrees,asismadeevidentbythe

ientistshavepropodthat

the

prenceofincreasinglevelsofultravioletlightwithelevationmay

playa

role,whilebrowsingandgrazinganimalsliketheibexmaybeanother

lythemostimportantenvironmentalfactoris

temperature,forifthegrowingasonistooshortandtemperaturesare

too

low,treeshootsandbudscannotmaturesufficientlytosurvivethe

winter

months.

fthentencesbelowbestexpresstheesntial

informationin

thehighlightedntenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethe

meaning

inimportantwaysorleaveoutesntialinformation.

○Becauoftheirdeformedshapesathighaltitudes,treesarenot

likely

toberiouslyharmedbythestrongwindstypicalofthoaltitudes.

○Asaltitudeincreas,thevelocityofwindsincrea,leadingtoa

riousdecreainthenumberoftreesfoundathighaltitudes.

○Thedeformedshapesoftreesathighaltitudesshowthatwind

velocity,

whichincreawithaltitude,cancaurioushardshipfortrees.

○Increadwindvelocityathighaltitudesdeformstheshapesof

trees,and

thismaycauriousstressfortrees.

graph4,whatistheauthor’smainpurpointhe

discussionof

thedramaticcessationoftreegrowthattheuppertimberline?

○Toarguethatnoneofveralenvironmentfactorsthatare

believedto

contributetothatphenomenondoinfactplayaroleincausingit.

○Toargueinsupportofoneparticularexplanationofthat

phenomenon

againstveralcompetingexplanations

○Toexplainwhytheprimaryenvironmentalfactorresponsiblefor

that

phenomenonhasnotyetbeenidentified

○Toprentveralenvironmentalfactorsthatmaycontributetoa

satisfactoryexplanationofthatphenomenon

Paragraph6:Themoststrikingcharacteristicoftheplantsofthe

alpine

ablesthemtoavoidtheworst

rigorsof

highwindsandpermitsthemtomakeuofthehighertemperatures

immediately

eawherelowtemperaturesare

limiting

tolife,theimportanceoftheadditionalheatnearthesurfaceiscrucial.

The

lowgrowthformcanalsopermittheplantstotakeadvantageofthe

insulation

quatorialmountainsthelow

growthform

islessprevalent.

d“prevalent”inthepassageisclostinmeaningto

○predictable

○widespread

○successful

○developed

ingtoparagraph6,allofthefollowingstatementsare

trueof

plantsinthealpinezoneEXCEPT:

○Becautheyarelow,theyarelesxpodtostrongwinds.

○Becautheyarelow,thewintersnowcovergivesthemmore

protection

fromtheextremecold.

○Intheequatorialmountains,theytendtobelowerthanin

mountains

elwhere.

○Theirlowgrowthformkeepsthemclortotheground,where

thereismore

heatthanfurtherup.

Paragraph5:Abovethetreelinethereisazonethatisgenerally

called

alpinetundra.█Immediatelyadjacenttothetimberline,thetundra

consistsofa

fairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrass,while

higherup

thenumberanddiversityofspeciesdecreauntilthereismuchbare

ground

withoccasionalmossandlichensandsomeprostratecushionplants.

█Some

plantscanevensurviveinfavorablemicrohabitatsabovethesnowline.

The

highestplantsintheworldoccurataround6,100metersonMakaluin

the

Himalayas.█Atthisgreatheight,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmall

snowdrifts.█

thefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowing

ntence

couldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thixplainshow,forexample,alpinecushionplantshavebeen

found

growingatanaltitudeof6,180meters.

Wherewouldthentencebestfit?

ions:Anintroductoryntenceforabriefsummaryof

thepassage

tethesummarybylectingtheTHREE

answerchoices

ntencesdo

not

belonginthesummarybecautheyexpressideasthatarenot

prentedinthe

estionisworth2

points.

Atthetimberline,whetherupperorlower,thereisaprofound

changein

thegrowthoftreesandotherplants.

Answerchoices

○Birchisoneofthefewspeciesoftreethatcansurviveinthe

extreme

environmentsoftheuppertimberline.

○Thereisnoagreementamongscientistsastoexactlywhyplant

growthis

sharplydifferentaboveandbelowtheuppertimberline.

○Thetemperatureattheuppertimberlineisprobablymore

importantin

preventingtreegrowththanfactorssuchastheamountofsnowfallor

theforce

ofwinds.

○Thegeographicallocationofanuppertimberlinehasanimpact

onboththe

typesoftreesfoundthereandtheirphysicalcharacteristics.

○Highlevelsofultravioletlightmostlikelyplayagreaterrolein

determiningtreegrowthattheuppertimberlinethandograzinganimals

suchas

theibex.

○Despitebeingadjacenttothetimberline,thealpinetundraisan

area

wherecertainkindsoflowtreescanendurehighwindsandverylow

temperatures.

参考答案：

1.○4

2.○1

3.○2

4.○3

5.○3

6.○2

7.○2

8.○1

9.○3

10.○4

11.○2

12.○3

13.○4

snoagreementamong…

Thetemperatureattheupper…

Thegeographicallocationof…

托福阅读真题及答案

TheOriginsofTheater

Inekingtodescribetheoriginsoftheater,onemustrely

primarilyon

speculation,sincethereislittleconcreteevidenceonwhichtodraw.

Themost

widelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelate

nineteenthand

earlytwentiethcenturies,envisionstheateramergingoutofmythand

ritual.

Theprocessperceivedbytheanthropologistsmaybesummarized

theearlystagesofitsdevelopment,asocietybecomesawareofforces

that

little

understandingofnaturalcaus,itattributesbothdesirableand

undesirable

occurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,anditarchesformeans

towin

vinganapparentconnectionbetween

certain

actionsperformedbythegroupandtheresultitdesires,thegroup

repeats,

refinesandformalizesthoactionsintofixedceremonies,orrituals.

Stories(myths)ntlythe

myths

includereprentativesofthosupernaturalforcesthattherites

celebrateor

mersmaywearcostumesandmasksto

reprentthe

mythicalcharactersorsupernaturalforcesintheritualsorin

accompanying

sonbecomesmoresophisticated,itsconceptions

of

ult,it

may

mythsthathavegrownup

aroundtherites

maycontinueaspartofthegroup’soraltraditionandmayevencome

tobeacted

isoccurs,the

firststep

hasbeentakentowardtheaterasanautonomousactivity,andthereafter

entertainmentandaestheticvaluesmaygraduallyreplacetheformer

mysticaland

sociallyefficaciousconcerns.

Althoughorigininritualhaslongbeenthemostpopular,itisby

nomeans

ellinghas

been

histheory,relatingandlisteningto

,therecallingof

anevent

(ahunt,battle,orotherfeat)ilaboratedthroughthenarrator’s

pantomime

andimpersonationandeventuallythrougheachrolebeingassumedbya

different

person.

Aclolyrelatedtheoryestheateravolvingoutofdancesthat

are

primarilypantomimic,rhythmicalorgymnastic,orfromimitationsof

animal

tionfortheperformer’sskill,virtuosity,and

grace

areenasmotivationforelaboratingtheactivitiesintofullyrealized

theatricalperformances.

Inadditiontoexploringthepossibleantecedentsoftheater,

scholarshave

did

theaterdevelop,andwhywasitvaluedafteritceadtofulfillthe

function

ofritual?Mostanswersfallbackonthetheoriesaboutthehumanmind

andbasic

,tforthbyAristotleinthefourthcenturyB.C.,es

humans

asnaturallyimitative—astakingpleasureinimitatingpersons,things,

and

r,advancedinthe

twentieth

century,suggeststhathumanshaveagiftforfantasy,throughwhich

theyek

toreshaperealityintomoresatisfyingformsthanthoencounteredin

daily

,fantasyorfiction(ofwhichdramaisoneform)permits

peopleto

objectifytheiranxietiesandfears,confrontthem,andfulfilltheirhopes

in

ater,then,isonetoolwherebypeopledefine

and

understandtheirworldorescapefromunpleasantrealities.

Butneitherthehumanimitativeinstinctnorapenchantforfantasy

by

ore,additionalexplanations

are

essaryconditionemstobeasomewhatdetached

viewofhuman

mple,onesignofthisconditionistheappearanceof

thecomic

vision,sincecomedyrequiressufficientdetachmenttoviewsome

deviationsfrom

socialnormsasridiculousratherthanasriousthreatstothewelfareof

the

rconditionthatcontributestothedevelopmentof

example,some

earlysocietiesceadtoconsidercertainritesntialtotheir

well-being

andabandonedthem,nevertheless,theyretainedaspartsoftheiroral

tradition

themythsthathadgrownuparoundtheritesandadmiredthemfortheir

artistic

qualitiesratherthanfortheirreligiousufulness.

Paragraph1:Inekingtodescribetheoriginsoftheater,onemust

rely

primarilyonspeculation,sincethereislittleconcreteevidenceon

whichto

twidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologists

inthelate

nineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,envisionstheateramerging

outof

cessperceivedbytheanthropologistsmaybe

theearlystagesofitsdevelopment,a

society

becomesawareofforcesthatappeartoinfluenceorcontrolitsfood

supplyand

littleunderstandingofnaturalcaus,itattributes

both

desirableandundesirableoccurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,

andit

vingan

apparent

connectionbetweencertainactionsperformedbythegroupandthe

resultit

desires,thegrouprepeats,refinesandformalizesthoactionsinto

fixed

ceremonies,orrituals.

d“championed”inthepassageisclostinmeaningto

○changed

○debated

○created

○supported

d“attributes”inthepassageisclostinmeaningto

○ascribes

○leaves

○limits

○contrasts

ingtoparagraph1,theoriesoftheoriginsoftheater

○aremainlyhypothetical

○arewellsupportedbyfactualevidence

○haverarelybeenagreeduponbyanthropologists

○wereexpresdintheearlystagesoftheater’sdevelopment

ingtoparagraph1,whydidsomesocietiesdevelopand

repeat

ceremonialactions?

○Toestablishapositiveconnectionbetweenthemembersofthe

society

○Tohelpsocietymembersbetterunderstandtheforcescontrolling

their

foodsupply

○Todistinguishtheirbeliefsfromthoofothersocieties

○Toincreathesociety’sprosperity

Paragraph2:Stories(myths)maythengrowuparoundaritual.

Frequently

themythsincludereprentativesofthosupernaturalforcesthatthe

rites

mersmaywearcostumesand

masksto

reprentthemythicalcharactersorsupernaturalforcesintheritualsor

in

sonbecomesmoresophisticated,

its

conceptionsofsupernaturalforcesandcausalrelationshipsmaychange.

Asa

result,mythsthathave

grownup

aroundtheritesmaycontinueaspartofthegroup’soraltraditionand

mayeven

this

occurs,thefirststephasbeentakentowardtheaterasanautonomous

activity,

andthereafterentertainmentandaestheticvaluesmaygraduallyreplace

the

formermysticalandsociallyefficaciousconcerns.

d“this”inthepassagerefersto

○theactingoutofrites

○thedivorceofritualperformersfromtherestofsociety

○theparationofmythsfromrites

○thecelebrationofsupernaturalforces

d“autonomous”inthepassageisclostinmeaningto

○artistic

○important

○independent

○established

ingtoparagraph2,whatmaycausocietiestoabandon

certain

rites?

○Emphasizingtheaterantertainment

○Developinganewunderstandingofwhyeventsoccur

○Findingamoresophisticatedwayofreprentingmythical

characters

○Movingfromaprimarilyoraltraditiontoamorewritten

tradition，来源：北京新航道托福培训

Paragraph5:Inadditiontoexploringthepossibleantecedentsof

theater,

scholarshavealsotheorizedaboutthemotivesthatledpeopleto

develop

theaterdevelop,andwhywasitvaluedafteritcead

to

fulfillthefunctionofritual?Mostanswersfallbackonthetheories

aboutthe

,tforthbyAristotleinthe

fourth

centuryB.C.,eshumansasnaturallyimitative—astakingpleasurein

imitating

persons,things,r,

advancedin

thetwentiethcentury,suggeststhathumanshaveagiftforfantasy,

through

whichtheyektoreshaperealityintomoresatisfyingformsthantho

,fantasyorfiction(ofwhichdramais

oneform)

permitspeopletoobjectifytheiranxietiesandfears,confrontthem,and

ater,then,isonetool

wherebypeopledefineandunderstandtheirworldorescapefrom

unpleasant

realities.

ollowingarementionedinparagraph5aspossible

reasonsthat

ledsocietiestodeveloptheaterEXCEPT:

○Theaterallowspeopletofacethattheyareafraidof.

○Theatergivesanopportunitytoimagineabetterreality.

○Theaterisawaytoenjoyimitatingotherpeople.

○Theaterprovidespeopletheopportunitytobetterunderstandthe

human

mind.

fthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationof

paragraph

5?

○Theauthorprentstwotheoriesforahistoricalphenomenon.

○Theauthorarguesagainsttheoriexpresdearlierinthe

passage.

○Theauthorarguesforreplacingoldertheorieswithanewone.

○Theauthorpointsoutproblemswithtwopopulartheories.

Paragraph6:Butneitherthehumanimitativeinstinctnora

penchantfor

ore,additional

essaryconditionemstobea

somewhatdetached

mple,onesignofthisconditionisthe

appearanceofthecomicvision,sincecomedyrequiressufficient

detachmentto

viewsomedeviationsfromsocialnormsasridiculousratherthanas

rious

rconditionthat

contributes

tothedevelopmentofautonomoustheateristheemergenceofthe

aesthetic

mple,someearlysocietiesceadtoconsidercertainrites

esntialtotheirwell-beingandabandonedthem,nevertheless,they

retainedas

partsoftheiroraltraditionthemythsthathadgrownuparoundtherites

and

admiredthemfortheirartisticqualitiesratherthanfortheirreligious

ufulness.

d“penchant”inthepassageisclostinmeaningto

○compromi

○inclination

○tradition

○respect

stheauthormention“comedy”?

○Togiveanexampleofearlytypesoftheater

○Toexplainhowtheaterhelpsasocietyrespondtothreatstoits

welfare

○Tohelpexplainwhydetachmentisneededforthedevelopment

of

theater

○Toshowhowtheatricalperformersbecomedetachedfromother

membersof

society

fthentencesbelowbestexpresstheesntial

information

inthehighlightedntenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethe

meaning

inimportantwaysorleaveoutesntialinformation.

○Asociety’sritesweremorelikelytoberetainedintheoral

traditionif

itsmythswereadmiredforartisticqualities.

○Theartisticqualityofamythwassometimesanesntialreason

fora

societytoabandonitfromtheoraltradition.

○Someearlysocietiesstoppedusingmythsintheirreligious

practiceswhen

ritesceadtobeenas

ufulforsocialwell-being.

○Mythssometimessurvivedinasociety’straditionbecauof

their

artisticqualitievenaftertheywerenolongerdeemedreligiously

beneficial.

Paragraph3:█Althoughorigininritualhaslongbeenthemost

popular,it

isbynomeanstheonlytheoryabouthowthetheatercameintobeing.

█Storytellinghasbeenpropodasonealternative.█Underthistheory,

relating

andlisteningtostoriesareenasfundamentalhumanpleasures.

█Thus,the

recallingofanevent(ahunt,battle,orotherfeat)ilaboratedthrough

the

narrator’spantomimeandimpersonationandeventuallythrougheach

rolebeing

assumedbyadifferentperson.

thefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowing

ntence

couldbeaddedtothepassage.

Toenhancetheirlisteners’enjoyment,storytellerscontinually

maketheir

storiesmoreengagingandmemorable.

Wherewouldthentencebestfit?

ions:Anintroductoryntenceforabriefsummaryof

thepassage

tethesummarybylectingtheTHREE

answerchoices

ntencesdo

not

belonginthesummarybecautheyexpressideasthatarenot

prentedinthe

estionisworth2

points.

Anthropologistshavedevelopedmanytheoriestohelpunderstand

whyandhow

theateroriginated.

Answerchoices

○Theprenceoftheaterinalmostallsocietiesisthoughttohave

occurredbecauearlystorytellerstraveledtodifferentgroupstotell

their

stories.

○Manytheoristsbelievethattheaterariswhensocietiesactout

mythsto

prervesocialwell-being.

○Themoresophisticatedsocietiesbecame,thebettertheycould

influence

desirableoccurrencesthroughritualizedtheater.

○Sometheoriesoftheaterdevelopmentfocusonhowtheaterwas

udby

groupleaderstogroupleadersgovernothermembersofsociety.

○Theatermayhavecomefrompleasurehumansreceivefrom

storytellingand

movingrhythmically.

○Thehumancapacitiesforimitationandfantasyareconsidered

possible

reasonswhysocietiesdeveloptheater.

参考答案：

1.○4

2.○1

3.○1

4.○4

5.○3

6.○3

7.○2

8.○4

9.○1

10.○2

11.○3

12.○4

13.○4

eoristsbelievethat…

Theatermayhavecomefrom…

Thehumancapacitiesforimitation…