smokefree

公共英语四级-473

(总分100,考试时间90分钟)

SectionⅠListeningComprehension

Directions:

lheara

lectiono

arethreepartsinthisction,PartA,PartBandPartC.

Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtest

ndofthe**prehensionction,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyour

answersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.

NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.

PartA

Directions:

ForQuestions1--5,youwillhearapassageaboutsometipstoimproveyourdigitalmessages.

Listentoitandfilloutthetablewiththeinformationyou'the

l

heartherecordingonlyonce.

Subject:Email

Usage:Amodeof______1

Inbusinessttings,itisbestudtoconveykeyinforma-

tion,toconfirm______;todocumentdecision;tocontacta

decisionmakerdirectly.2

Tipsforyoutoim-

proveyourdigital

aysomethingaboutsomeoneelthatyouwouldnot

wantthatpersontoe.

Taketimetothinkaboutyour______line.3

Avoidusingall______lettersinyourmessages.4

Becarefulaboutanyuofsarcasmand______.5

【点此下载音频文件】

t:Email

Usage:Amodeof______1

Inbusinessttings,itisbestudtoconveykeyinforma-

tion,toconfirm______;todocumentdecision;tocontacta

decisionmakerdirectly.2

Tipsforyoutoim-

proveyourdigital

aysomethingaboutsomeoneelthatyouwouldnot

wantthatpersontoe.

Taketimetothinkaboutyour______line.3

Avoidusingall______lettersinyourmessages.4

Becarefulaboutanyuofsarcasmand______.5

t:Email

Usage:Amodeof______1

Inbusinessttings,itisbestudtoconveykeyinforma-

tion,toconfirm______;todocumentdecision;tocontacta

decisionmakerdirectly.2

Tipsforyoutoim-

proveyourdigital

aysomethingaboutsomeoneelthatyouwouldnot

wantthatpersontoe.

Taketimetothinkaboutyour______line.3

Avoidusingall______lettersinyourmessages.4

Becarefulaboutanyuofsarcasmand______.5

t:Email

Usage:Amodeof______1

Inbusinessttings,itisbestudtoconveykeyinforma-

tion,toconfirm______;todocumentdecision;tocontacta

decisionmakerdirectly.2

Tipsforyoutoim-

proveyourdigital

aysomethingaboutsomeoneelthatyouwouldnot

wantthatpersontoe.

Taketimetothinkaboutyour______line.3

Avoidusingall______lettersinyourmessages.4

Becarefulaboutanyuofsarcasmand______.5

t:Email

Usage:Amodeof______1

Inbusinessttings,itisbestudtoconveykeyinforma-

tion,toconfirm______;todocumentdecision;tocontacta

decisionmakerdirectly.2

Tipsforyoutoim-

proveyourdigital

aysomethingaboutsomeoneelthatyouwouldnot

wantthatpersontoe.

Taketimetothinkaboutyour______line.3

Avoidusingall______lettersinyourmessages.4

Becarefulaboutanyuofsarcasmand______.5

t:Email

Usage:Amodeof______1

Inbusinessttings,itisbestudtoconveykeyinforma-

tion,toconfirm______;todocumentdecision;tocontacta

decisionmakerdirectly.2

Tipsforyoutoim-

proveyourdigital

aysomethingaboutsomeoneelthatyouwouldnot

wantthatpersontoe.

Taketimetothinkaboutyour______line.3

Avoidusingall______lettersinyourmessages.4

Becarefulaboutanyuofsarcasmand______.5

PartB

Directions:

stions6--10,

morethan3wordsforeach

lheartherecordingonlyonce.

【点此下载音频文件】

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

PartC

Directions:

istening,answereachquestionby

choosingA,B,lheareachpieceonlyonce.

have15condstoread

Questions11-13.

【点此下载音频文件】

scloningbypasd?

cesstakingDNA

ationofcells

'sthebigbreakthroughwithDolly,thefirstclonedanimal?

saclonefromanordinary,adultcell.

sthefirstnormalandhealthyclonedanimal.

sthewaytothecloningofhumanbeings.

saclonedanimalwithonlymother.

ountryfirstpasdthelawbanninghumancloning?

tedKingdom

have15condstoread

Questions14--16.

【点此下载音频文件】

thetargetgroupforthisyear's"NoTobaccoDay"?

ween20and33yearsold

plewithriousdias

therecentimportantdevelopmentobrvedindevelopingcountries?

berofsmokershasbeenfallingabout2percentayear.

berofsmokershasbeenrising20percentayear.

berofsmokershasbeenrising2percentayear.

berofsmokershasbeenfalling20percentayear.

thegoodoftheWorldHealthOrganization?

"smoke-free"world

hthepeopleindevelopingcountriesalesson

idfarmerstogrowtobacco

idsmokerstobuytobaccoproducts

have20condstoreadQuestions17-20.

【点此下载音频文件】

sthewomansayshehasmixedfeeling?

n'tquitereadytocomebacktocampus.

remoreendangeredspeciesinzoosthaninthewild.

dswon'tlearntokeepawayfrompeople.

htchangehermajor.

sthewoman'sjob?

ngcages

puppets

sthemanmentiontigersandpandas?

hadajobinazoo.

'refamiliarexamplesofendangeredspecies.

'sinterestedinthegeneticsofmammals.

sobecomeattachedtohumans.

hestaffmemberscoverthemlveswithclothastheywork?

theyareprotectedfromscratchesbythecrane'stalons.

theyaren'texpodtoinfectiousdias.

thechickscanbeexaminedinasterileenvironment.

thechicksdon'tbecomedependentonhumanbeing.

SectionⅡUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDonANSWERSHEET1.

Itisoftenobrvedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpast

lives,(21)eminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial

memories,(22)person'srecollections

ofthepasthelpto(23)anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:(24)anyrole

thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide(25)tothefuture,theindividualmentions

theirpastasaremindertolisteners,thatherewasalife(26)living.(27),thememories

formpartofacontinuinglife(28),inwhichtheoldperson(29)theeventsand

experiencesoftheyearsgonebyand(30)ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherown**pleted

life.

Asthelifecycle(31)toitsclo,theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheir

ownimpending(即将发生的)death.(32)thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis

almosta(33)ediscussionofdeathisoftenregarded

as(34)Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare(35)tothinkaboutit--and

certainlynottotalkaboutit(36)asachieved

thistaboo(37)eemstobeanimportantreason

forourreluctanceto(38)everyfactthatdeathremains(39)our

control;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocess(40)isso.

han

g

tation

hile

icular

cts

ve

i

t

ate

ant

ty

SectionⅢReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Text1

Sixyearslater,inanabout-face,theFBIadmitsthatfederalagentsfiredteargascanisterscapable

ofcausingafireattheBranch**poundnearWaco,officialsaidthefiring

cameveralhoursbeforethestructureburstintoflames,killing80peopleincludingthe

Davidians'leader,DavidKoresh.

"Inlookingintothis,we'vecomeacrossinformationthatshowssomecanistersthatcanbe

deemedpyrotechnicinnaturewerefired--hoursbeforethefirestarted,"theofficialsaid."Devices

werefiredatthebunker,notatthemainstructurewheretheDavidianswerecampedout."

TheFederalBureauofInvestigationmaintainsitdidnotstartwhatturnedtobeariesof

fieryburstsofflamesthatendeda51-daystandoffbetweenbranchmembersandthefederal

government."Thisdoesn'tchangethebottomlinethatDavidKoreshstartedthefireandthe

governmentdidnot,"theofficialsaid."Itsimplyshowsthatdevicesthatcouldprobablybe

flammablewereudintheearlymorninghours."

Thelawenforcementofficialsaidthecanisterswerefirednotatthemainstructurewherethe

uncedoffthe

bunker'sconcreteroofandlandedinanopenfieldwell,isterswerefired

ataround6a.m.,andthefirethatdestroyedthe**poundstartedaroundnoon,theofficialsaid.

Theofficialalsoaddedthatotherteargascanistersudbyagentthatdaywerenotflammableor

potentiallyexplosive.

WhileCoulsondeniedthegrenadesplayedaroleinstartingthefire,hisstatementmarkedthe

mentofficialhadpubliclycontradictedthegovernment'sposition

thatfederalagentsudnothingonthefinaldayofthesiegeatWacothatcouldhavesparkedthe

firethatengulfed**ofthefieryendisamajorfocusofanongoinginquiryby

theTexasRangersintotheWacosiege.

officialhasNOTadmittedthat______.

isterswerefiredatthemainstructure

isterswerefiredhoursbeforethefirestarted

lagentsfiredteargascanisterscapableofcausingafire

eargascanistersthatwerenotflammableorpotentiallyexplosivewerealsoud

epassage,whatinformationcanbeinferredabouttheeventin1993?

A.**poundwasblownupbytheFBIagents.

B.**poundburstintoflamesatdawn.

eralgovernmentbesieged**poundfor51daysbeforethetragedyoccurred.

80peoplewerekilledintheeventexcepttheDavidians'leader,DavidKoresh.

eadingthepassage,howmuchdoyouknowabout**poundnearWaco?

51]peoplelivedin**poundatthetimeoftheeventin1993.

istedofamainstructureandabunker.

uiltofstone.

schoolhou.

n'sspeechhas______.

emattereven**plicatedandconfusing

provedbythegovernment

rpcriticism

tthewholematterintobroaddaylight

itudeofthenarratortowardsthismessageis______.

ant

Text2

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisone,whichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld'sgreat

consideringthisquestion,itwillbeufultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.

Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguished

**petition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomething,

itorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoa

ct**petitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasa

processbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionisthedisrviceofoneanother.

Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionin

efinitionsarenecessarybecauitisimportanttoemphasize

**petitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflict

ct,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanesntialanddesirable

elementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremithatinthestrugglefor

existenceamonganimalspecies,ral,however,thisstrugglein

natureiscompetition,animals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinor

uggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butin

**petitionforlimitedfeedingareasandforoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.

Thowhofailin**rugglefor

existencedoesnotremblehumanwar,butrather**petitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,and

enceofthestruggleis**petitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficientto

satisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactory

cessfulnationsgrowandprosper;tistrue

that**petitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenofothers,andthusleadto

conflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,**petitionis.

irstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto______.

orthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

outtheconflictsinhumansocieties

guishbetweentwokindsofopposition

izethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

ingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat______.

ltsinwarinmostcas

ceffortstoexpandterritory

indofoppositionamongsocialentities

ntiallyastruggleforexistence

a"functioninthedisrviceofoneanother"(Para.1)mostprobablymeans______.

eachother

eanother

collaboratewitheachother

toneanother

horindicatesinthepassagethatconflict______.

evitablestruggleresulting**petition

tsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

positionamongindividualsocialentities

voided

50."Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion"______".

nevitable?

hereconflict**petition?

lictdesirable?

D.**petitionleadtoconflict?

Text3

Howefficientisoursystemofcriminaltrial?Doesitreallydothebasicjobweaskof

it--convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocent?ItisoftensaidthattheBritishtrailsystemis

yersoneachsidearesoengrosdin

playinghardtowin,challengingeachotherandthejudgeontechnicalpoints,thattheobjectof

effortisconcentratedonthebigday,onthe

sliketocompareour

"adversarial"system(remblingtwoadversariengagedinacontest)withthecontinental

"inquisitorial"system,underwhichthejudgeplaysamoreimportantinquiringrole.

Inearlytimes,intheMiddleAges,time

trialby"ordeal"--especiallyareligiouvent--wasthemainwayoftestingguiltorinnocence.

Whenthiswayeventuallyabandonedthetwosystems**ontinentchurch-trained

legalofficialstookovertheunctionofbothprocutingandjudging,whileinEnglandthewere

largelylefttolaypeople,theJusticeofthePeaceandthejurymenwhowereilliterateandthis

storicalaccidentdominates

procedureeventoday,withallevidencebeinggiveninopencourtbywordofmouthonthecrucial

day.

Ontheotherhand,inFranceforinstance,alltheevidenceiswrittenbeforethetrialunder

haustivepretriallooksveryundramatic;muchofit

isjustapubliccheckingofthewrittenrecordsalreadygathered.

TheAmericansadoptedtheBritishsystemlock,stockandbarrelandenshrineditintheir

,whilethebasicfeaturesofourSystems**mon,therearenowsignificant

,tuallyno

contemptofcourtlawstopreventpretrialpublicityinthenewspaperandontelevision,American

lawyersareallowedtoquestionjurorsaboutknowledgeandbeliefs.

InBritainthisisvirtuallyneverallowed,andarandomlectionofjurorswhoarepresumed

ly,thereisnoparateprofessionofbarristerinthe

UnitedStates,andbothprocutionanddefenlawyerswhoaretoprentcasincourtprepare

outandvisitthescene,trackdownandinterviewwitness,andfamiliarize

ainitisthesolicitorwhopreparestheca,and

thebah

eptdistantfromthe

preparationandregularlyappearingforbothsides,barristersaresaidtoavoidbecomingtoo

personallyinvolved,anlawyers,however,

oftenknowtheircasbetter.

Reformersrightlywanttolearnfromothercountries'tisclear

isthatjusticesystems,largelybecautheyaretheresultoflonghistoricalgrowth,arepeculiarly

difficulttoadaptpiecemeal.

51."Britishtrialsystemismorelikeagamethanariousattempttodojustice."Itimpliesthat

______.

tishlegalsystemcandothebasicjobwell--convictingtheguiltyandacquittingthe

innocent

tishlegalsystemisworthanthecontinentallegalsystem

tishlegalsystemisoftenconsideredtobenotveryfair

tishlegalsystemisveryefficient

fthefollowingntencesisNOTtrue?

idencewasunnecessaryinFrancebecauthejudgesandprocutorscouldread.

ialbyordealwasfinallyabandonedthroughoutEurope,trialbyjurywasintroduced

inBritain.

dversarialsystem,itisthelawyerswhoplaytheleadingroles.

sinBritainarepreparedtolieinordertowintheircas.

ain,newspapers______.

ameasAmericannewspapersdo

interestedinpublishingdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace

allowedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace

owedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace

nferthatAmericanlawyers______.

ttempttofamiliarizethemlveswithcas

ethecasthemlves

bemorepassionatelyinvolvedintheircas

approachcasdispassionately

sage______.

onswhetherthesystemoftrialbyjurycaneverbecompletelyefficient

tsanumberofreformswhichshouldbemadetothelegalsystemofvarious

countries

beshowtheBritishlegalsystemworks**paresitfavourablywithothersystems

esthelegalsystemsofanumberofcountriesanddiscusstheiradvantagesand

disadvantages

Text4

alkedbyavideoarcade

intheearly1980s,youcouldnothavefailedtonoticethattheuofvideogameswasgrowingat

1981themovieindustrygrosd$3billion,video

gamestookinanestimated$vesyousomeideaofjusthowbig**puterindustry

amemploythesametechnologyas**puters,andindeedmanywhobought

**putersdidsoprimarilyforplayinggamesathome,video

gamesarenotaspopularastheywereafewyearsago,theydidprovideconsumerswiththeirfirst

realreasontobuyPCs.

Amore**puterinnovation,desktoppublishing,suppliesonegoodreasonforthowhowrite

ppublishingisadeceptivelysimpledescriptionforan**plex

nowwritetext,edittext,drawillustrations,

incorporatephotographs,designpagelayouts,andprintafinisheddocumentwitharelatively

**ghthenewtechnologyoffersnewfreedom,thereisapricetobe

tal**,theissueofsocialresponsibility

inour**puteragehaslongbeenatopicofdebate**opleareconcerned

withthelong-termsocialeffectsoftheso-**ally,manyPCpioneerswho

builtaimthat

while**putertechnologyhasthepotentialtomakesocietymoreequal,it'shavingtheopposite

effectsinceupper-middle-classpeoplecanaffordthemandlower-classpeoplecannot.

Inaddition,theways**putersareudtomonitortheactivitiesoftheirurshaveevoked

7millionAmericansnowhavetheirworkpaced,controlled,and

terismorerestrictiveandpowerfulinthewayitcontrolspeople

nleadtowhatsomehavecalled"tech-stress".

Irritatedeyes,backproblems,andotherphysicalsymptomshavealsobeenassociatedwiththe

ghthe**putermaynothavehadtheimpactsomepredicteda

decadeage,**binationofcomputertechnologywithsatellitesandcabledoespromiinnovations

inthemassmediathatwouldhaveemedastonishingjustafewshortyearsago.

maticgrowthofthebusinessdealinginvideogamesistheresultof______.

elopmentofcomputerindustry

elopmentofwirelesstechnology

lineinmovieindustry

ressionintheentertainmentbusiness

sumers'firstmotivationinbuying**puteristo______.

deogames

itingeasierforthemlves

tatetheirentranceintothestockmarket

itprintedinformation

'stheadvantagethatdesktoppublishingbringspeople?

shomebankingareality.

idesamethodforproducingprofessional-lookingdocuments.

sitpossibleforpeopletoreceivenewspaperelectronically.

sitpossibleforpeopletobringofficeworktohome.

ongrun,thesocialeffectofcomputersisthat______.

rolspeople'slife

gsaboutamoreequalsociety

tlengthenthedistancebetweenupper-middle-classpeopleandlower-classpeople

stoaprofoundchangeinthemassmedia

ingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

ermaycauhealthproblemsforitsurs.

erhasledtoarevolutionineveryaspectofpeople'slife.

erisfinanciallywithinthereachformostconsumers.

luenceofcomputerhasonpeople'slifeisnotasgreataspeoplehavepredicted.

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedgmentsintoChine.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Exerci,everyoneadvis!Butimmediately,whenyoutry,yourunintotrouble.61)Thereisso

muchcontradictory,

tellyouwhatyouneedtoknow.

twaytoreducethemid-ctionistodoabdominalexerci.

oplebelievethatwhenspecificmusclesareexercid,thefattytissuesinthe

immediateareaare"burnedup."62)Thetruthisthatexerciburnsfatfromalloverthebodyand

notfromonespecificarea,,ifyoureducethefat

throughoutyourbody,youwillcertainlyeresultsaroundyourwaistlinetoo!

tainanadequatelevelofphysicalfitness,youneedtoexercionlytwiceaweek.

sconductedbyNASA,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,show

48to72hours,youmustuthe

tdoesthatmeantoyou?63)NASA

scientistsconcludedthatwhiledailyexerciismostbeneficial,threealternatingdayachweek

willmaintainanadequatelevelofphysicalfitness.

weightyoushouldalways"workupagoodsweat"whenexercising.

ngonlylowersbodytemperaturetopreventoverheating;itdoesnothelpyou

weighlessimmediatelyafteraworkout,u

replacetheliquid,youreplacetheweight.

breathingdoesn'treturntonormalwithinminutesafteryoufinishexercising,you've

exercidtoomuch.

nutesorsoafterexercising,yourbreathingshouldbenormal,yourheart

shouldn'tbepounding,andyoushouldn'tbeexhausted.64)Beneficialexerciisnotoverly

difficult,unpleasant,andexhausting;itismoderate,enjoyable,andrefreshing.

gisoneofthebestexercis.

ghelpscirculationofbloodthroughoutthebody,andthushasadirecteffecton

youroverallfeelingofhealth.

imumamountoftimeyoushouldspendexercisinginadayis20minutes.

remorethan400musclesthatattachtoyourskeleton.65)Agoodexerci

routineshouldcontractandstretchallthemuscles,andthissimplycannotbedonewithfouror

perience,I'vefoundthatabout20minutesisthe

minimumamountoftimeneededforanadequateworkout.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

SectionⅣWriting

Directions:

viceattherestaurant

twoofyourfamilymembershadverestomach-aches

dwasalsooverpriced.

ydetailsthatyou

managertodosomethingaboutthesituation.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

YoudoNOTneedtowriteyourownaddress.

Beginyourletterasfollows:

DearSir/Madam,