专四高频词汇
.变化,改动,变更
i.,n.突然发生,爆裂
evi.除掉;处置;解决;
解决(of)
.爆炸;气流vi.炸,炸
掉
ev.消耗,耗尽
.劈开;割裂;分裂a.
裂开
.吐(唾液等);唾弃
.溢出,溅出,倒出
.滑动,滑落;忽视
.滑动,滑落n.滑动;
滑面;幻灯片
ian.细菌
.种,品种v.繁殖,
产仔
n.预算v.编预算,作
安排
aten.候选人
n.校园
la.慷慨;丰富;自由
ormv.转变,变革;变
换
itv.传播,播送;传递
lantv.移植
ortvt.运送,运送n.
运送,运送工具
.转移;转动;转变
.变化,变化;使多样
化
vi.消灭,不见
wv.吞下,咽下n.燕
子
ionn.怀疑,疑心
iousa.怀疑,可疑
.温暖,暖和;温柔,
味淡
a.温柔;脆弱
cen.损害,妨害,讨厌
(人或事物)
ificanta.无意义,无足
轻重;无价值
ratevt.加速,增进
tea.绝对,无条件;完
全
ryn.分界线,边界
.刹车,制动器v.刹
住(车)
gn.目录(册)v.编
目
.模糊,不明确
.徒劳,白费
ta.绝灭,熄灭
rdinarya.不寻常,特
别,非凡
ea.极度,极端n.极
端,过度
.代理人,代理商;动
因,因素
ln.含酒精饮料,酒精
n./vi.呼吁,哀求
iatevt.注重,赏识,欣
赏
ev.赞成,批准,批准
atevt.刺激,勉励
evt.获得,获得;学到
lishvt.完毕,到达;
实行
kn.网状物;广播网,
电视网;网络
.潮汐;潮流
.整洁,整洁
t.追踪,找到n.痕迹,
踪迹
en./vt.拷打,折磨
vi.漫游,闲逛
.蜡
.织,编
vev.保护,保存,保持,
维持
.滥用,虐待;谩骂
ica.学术;高等院校;
研究院
yn.电池(组)
rn.障碍;棚栏
.(船、飞机等装载)
货品
n.生涯,职业
n.船舶;容器,器皿;
血管
ala.垂直
v.迫使,责成;使感
激
ea.阴暗,模糊
n.限度,范畴,大小,
限度
orn.外部,外表a.外
部,外表
ala.外部,外表,外面
n.汽油
eumn.石油
t./n.推迟,延误,耽
误
i.腐烂,腐朽
a.像样,体面
.路;路线;航线
.毁坏,破坏n.毁灭,
[pl.]废墟
.缘故,理由
iten.卫星
.大小,规模;级别;
刻
n.庙宇
sa.乏味道,单调,
.易于,趋向
cyn.趋向,趋势
tea.极端,最大,最后
n.极端
ov.经历,遭受
nta.丰富,充裕,大
量
.收养;采用;采纳
i.适应,适合;改编,
改写vt.使适应
orn.学士,学士学位;
单身汉
a.偶尔,碰巧;暂时;
非正式
.陷阱,圈套v.设陷阱
捕获
a.空,未占用
n.真空,真空吸尘器
.口头,口述,口
n.(单、复数同形)
光学
词组汇总(一)___基本篇。
1.动词短语
beabouttodo刚要,即将
befriendswith与……和谐
bearinmind记住
bringintoeffect实行;使生效
bringintooperation实行;使生效
cannothelp禁不住,忍不住
carryintoeffect施行;使生效
castlighton/upon阐明,使理解
catchfire着火,烧着
catchone'sbreath喘气,松口气;屏息
catchone'ye引人注目
catchsightof看到,发现
comeintoeffect生效;实行
comeintooperation施行,实行,生效
cometoone'sns醒悟;苏醒
cometrue实现
couldnothelp禁不住,忍不住
cutshort中断,打断
doone'sbest竭力,努力
enjoyonelf过得快活
fallinlovewith爱上
findfault(with)找岔
gainanadvantageover赛过,优于
getholdof得到,获得
getridof丢弃,挣脱,
getthebestof战胜
getthebetterof战胜,占上风
gettogether会晤,装配
giverito引起,导致
giveway让路,让步
goahead开始,进行
gointoeffect施行,实行,生效
gointooperation生效,实行
gowrong出错,出故障
hadbetter应当
hadrather宁愿
hadrather……than宁愿……而不肯……
haveanadvantageover赛过,优于
haveinmind想到;记得;打算
havenothingtodowith和……毫无关系
have(something/much/little)todowith
和……(有些/有很大/没有什么)关系
helponelf自用,自取
keepaneyeon留意,照看
keepinmind记住
keepone'shead保持镇定
keepone'sword守信用
keeppace(with)(与……)齐步迈进
leadtheway引路,带路
learnbyheart记住,背诵
leavealone不打扰,不干预
letalone更别提,不打扰
letgo(of)放,松手
loheart失去勇气,丧失信心
loone'shead慌乱,仓皇失措
loone'stemper发脾气,发努
losightof忘掉,忽视;看不见
makea/thedifference有影响,起作用
makefriends交朋友
makefunof取笑,嘲弄
makeone'sway去,前去
maken讲得通,言之有理
makesure查明;务必
makethebestof充分运用
makethemostof充分运用
makeupone'smind下决心,打定主意
makeuof使用,运用
makeway让路,让出地方
mayaswell还不如,不妨
nevermind不要紧;不用紧张
payattentionto注意
piecetogether拼合
playapart(in)起作用,参于
putintoeffect实行;使生效
putintooperation实行;使生效
putintopractice实行;实行
puttou使用
etoitthat注意,务必,保证
ethat注意,务必,保证
tfireto使燃烧,点燃
take……for把……以为是
takeachance冒险,投机
take(a)delightin以……为乐
takeadvantageof运用,趁……之机
takecare当心,注意
takecareof照顾,照顾
takecharge管理,接管
takeeffect生效,起作用
takeintoaccount考虑
takeforgranted以为……理所固然
takeone'stime不着急,不着慌
takepains努力,竭力,下苦功
takepart(in)参加,参于
takeplace发生,进行,举办
taketheplaceof代替,取代
taketurns依次,轮流
tahorwlighton阐明,使理解
thinkbetterof经考虑变化对……看法
tryone'sbest竭力,努力
2.形容词同介词搭配
abntfrom不在,缺席
abundantin富于
aliento与……相反
angrywithsbat/aboutsth气愤,愤怒
anxiousabout/for忧虑,紧张
appropriatefor/to恰当,适当
applicableto合用于
aptat聪颖,善于
aptto易于
ashamedof羞愧,害臊
approximateto近拟,接近
awareof意识到
abailabletosbforsth可用,可供
bareof几乎没有,缺少
boundfor开往……
capableof可以
carefulof/about/with;小心,注意
certainof/about确信,必定
about/indoingcharacteristicof特有,独特
clearof没有,不接触
cleverat善于
cloto接近,亲近
comparableto/with可比较
consciousof察觉到,意识到
conquenton随之而来
consideratetowards体谅,体贴
contemporarywith与……同步代
contentwith满足于
contraryto违背
counterto与……相反
crazyabout热衷,着迷
criticalof挑剔,批评
curiousabout好奇,想懂得
distinctfrom种类(风格)不同
doubtfulof/about怀疑
eastof在……东面
equalto相等,胜任
equivalentto等于,相称于
esntialto/for必不可少
expertat/in/on善于
faithfulto忠实于
familiartosb为……所熟悉
familiarwithsth熟悉,通晓
fatalto致命
favourableto支持,赞成
favourablefor有协助
fearfulof惧怕
fitfor适于
foreignto非……所原有
fondof喜欢
freeof/from未受……;免费
freewith康慨,大方
guiltyof有……罪
hungryfor渴望
ignorantof不懂得
impatientatsth.不耐烦
impatientof无法容忍
withsbindependentof不受……支配
impatientfor急切,渴望
indifferentto无兴趣,不关怀
indignantwithsb.愤慨
inferiorto级别低于,不如
ab/aboutsthinnocentof无……罪,无辜
intenton专心于
invisibleto不可见
jealousof嫉妒
keepon兴趣,很喜欢
liablefor对……有责任
liableto易于
loyalto忠于
madat/withsb.气愤,愤怒
madwith因……发狂
nextto下一种,另一方面
necessaryto/for必要
oppositeto在对面
opento不限制,开放
particularabout挑剔,讲究
parallelto与……平等,类似
peculiarto独特,独有
patientwith有耐心
priorto在……之前
popularwith受……爱慕,爱戴
reprentativeof代表……
relativeto与……关于
richin富于
responsiblefor负责,是……因素
nsitiveto对……敏感
nsibleof觉查到
sickof厌恶,厌倦
shortof缺少
skilledat/in善于
similarto相似
sufficientfor足够
subjectto受制于,易于
superiorto优于,级别高于
suitablefor/to适合于
suspiciousof怀疑
sureof/about对……有信心,确信
typicalof是典型,特有
tiredof对……不在感兴趣
votalto对……关系重大
uncertainof/about不确知
madabout/on狂热迷恋
voidof没有,缺少
3.名词同介词搭配
abncefrom缺席,不在
abnceof缺少
accessto……入口,通路
acquaintancewith相识,理解
actiononsth对……作用
additiontosth增长
admissionto/into进入,入(场,学,会)
admissionofsth承认
advancein改进,进步
advantageover优于……有利条件
affectionfor/towards爱,喜欢
answerto……答案
anxietyforsth渴望
apologytosbforsth道歉
appealtosbforsth哀求,呼吁
appealfor魅力,吸引力
appetitefor对……欲望
application把……应用于……
approachto类似,办法,通道ofsth/tosth
argument赞成/反对……理由
arrangementfor对……安排
for/againstattackon对……攻打,评击
attemptat尝试,企图
attentionto对……注意
attractionfor对……吸引力
balancebetween……之间平衡
barrierto……障碍
beliefin对……信奉,相信
candidatefor候选人,人选
checkon检查,制止
claimforsth规定
collisionwithsb/sth碰撞,冲突
commenton/about对……评论
betweenAandB
complaintof/about报怨,控告
compromibetween/on折中,妥协
concentrationonsth专心,集中精力
concentrationofsth集中,汇集
concernabout/for/over紧张
confidencein对……信任,相信
connectionbetween;关系,连接
connttosth批准
with/tosthcontactwithsb/sth接触,联系
contestforsth争夺,竞争
contradictionbetween矛盾,不一致
contrastto/withsth对比,对照
contributionto贡献,捐献,促成
betweenAandBconversationwithsb对话
conversion转变,转换aboutsth
ofsthintosthcreditforsth荣誉,赞扬
damagetosth损坏
dangertosb/sth危险
decisionon/against做/不做……决定
decreainsth……减少
defenceagainst防御,保卫
delegateto参加……代表
demandfor对……需求
departurefrom离开
desireforsth渴望
difference不同,差别
difference分歧
between……in……
between……over……disputeabout争论,辩论
distinctionbetween区别
doubtabout/asto怀疑
effecton对……作用
emphasison对……强调,注重
encounterwith遭遇,遇到
enthusiasmabout/for热情
entranceto……入口,入场
envyofsb嫉妒
exceptionto……例外of/atsth
exposuretosth暴露
fancyforsth爱慕
faithin对……信任,信奉
glanceat扫视
gratitudetosb感激
guessatsth猜测
forsthhatredfor/of仇恨
hazardto危险
hungerfor渴望
impacton/upon对……撞击,巨大影响
improvementon/in对……改进,提高
increainsth增长,增长
independencefrom独立,自主
influenceon对……影响
inquiryabout对……查询
inquiryinto对……调查
interactionwithsth互相作用
inteferencein/with干涉,阻碍
between/amongsth
introductionto引言,简介,入门
memorialtosth引进(物)
invitationto邀请
investmentinsth投资
loyaltytosb/sth忠诚
memorialtosb/sth纪念碑
obstacletosth纪念碑
objectiontosth反对
opponentofsth……障碍
opponentat/insth对手
patiencewith反对者
passionfor对……强烈兴趣,热爱
precautionagainst耐心
pityforsb/sth可怜,怜悯
preferenceforsth防止,防备
prefaceto……前言
preparationfor偏爱
preferencetosth优先
proposalforsth准备
prejudiceagainst/对……偏见,偏重
preparationfor建议
infavourof……
protectionforsb保护
protestagainststh抗议
againststhprovisionfor/against准备
pullat/onsth拉,拖
ratioofsthtosth比率
reactionto对……反映
reasonfor因素,理由
referenceto提及,参照
regardfor对……注意,尊重
remedyfor补救,解决
replytosb/sth对……回答
reputationfor名声,名气
requestforsth规定
rearchon/into对……研究,调查
resistanceto对……抵抗,阻力
responto对……回答,反映
responsibilityfor责任,负责
restrainstonsb/sth限制,约束
archfor对……搜寻
rviceto服务,贡献
similaritybetween……相似之处
skillat技巧,纯熟
solutionto……解决办法
sorrowat/for/over悲哀,悲痛
stresson对……强调
supplementtosth补充,增刊
sympathyfor对……同情
sympathywith对……赞同
tastefor对……兴趣,爱慕
tastein对……审美能力
tendencytosth趋向,趋势
trustin对……信赖,信任
wishfor欲望,愿望
4.惯用其他短语
ariesof一系列,一连串
aboveall一方面,特别是
afterall毕竟,究竟
aheadof在……之前
aheadoftime提前
allatonce突然,同步
allbut几乎;除了……都
allofasudden突然
allover遍及
alloveragain再一次,重新
allthetime始终,始终
allthesame依然,照样
asregards关于,至于
anythingbut主线不
asamatteroffact事实上
apartfrom除……外(有/无)
asarule普通,照例
asaresult(of)因而,由于
asfaras……beconcerned就……而言
asfaras远至,到……限度
asfor至于,关于
asfollows如下
asif好像,仿怫
asgoodas和……几乎同样
asusual像寻常同样,照例
asto至于,关于
allright令人满意;可以
aswell同样,也,还
aswellas除……外(也),即……又
asidefrom除……外(尚有)
ataloss茫然,不知所措
atatime一次,每次
atall丝毫(不),一点也不
atallcosts不惜一切代价
atallevents不论如何,无论如何
atalltimes随时,总是
atanyrate无论如何,至少
atbest充其量,至多
atfirst最初,起先
atfirstsight乍一看,初看起来
athand在手边,在附近
atheart内心里,本质上
athome在家,在国内
atintervals不时,每隔……
atlarge大多数,未被捕获
atleast至少
atlast终于
atlength最后,终于
atmost至多,不超过
atnotime从不,决不
byaccident偶尔
atonetime曾经,一度;同步
atprent当前,当前
atsb'sdisposal任……解决
atthecostof以……为代价
atthemercyof任凭……摆布
atthemoment此刻,当前
atthisrate照此速度
attimes有时,间或
backandforth来回地,重复地
backof在……背面
beforelong不久后来
besidepoint离题,不相干
beyondquestion毫无疑问
byair通过航空途径
byallmeans尽一切办法,务必
byandby不久,迟早
bychance偶尔,碰巧
byfar最,……得多
byhand用手,用体力
byiteslf自动地,独自地
bymeansof用,依托
bymistake错误地,无意地
bynomeans决不,并没有
byonelf单独地,独自地
byresonof由于
bytheway顺便说说
byvirtueof借助,由于
bywayof经由,通过……办法
dueto由于,由于
eachother互相
evenif/though虽然,虽然
everso非常,极其
everynowandthen时而,偶尔
everyother每隔一种
exceptfor除了……外
facetoface面对面地
farfrom远非,远离
forever永远
forgood永久地
forthebetter好转
forthemoment暂时,当前
fortheprent暂时,当前
forthesakeof为了,为了……利益
forthetimebeing暂时,眼下
fromtimetotime有时,不时
handinhand手拉手,密切关联
headon迎面地,正面
heartandsoul全心全意地
howabout……怎么样
inahurry匆忙,急于
incaof如果,防备
inamoment立即,一会儿
inan从某种意义上说
inaway在某种限度上
inaword简言之,总之
inaccordancewith与……一致,按照
inaddition此外,加之
inadditionto除……之外(还)
inadvance预先,事先
inall总共,共计
inanyca无论如何
inanyevent无论如何
inbrief简朴地说
inchargeof负责,总管
incommon共用,共有
inconquence(of)因而;由于
indebt欠债,欠情
indetail详细地
indifficulty处境困难
ineffect事实上,事实上
ingeneral普通来说,大体上
infavourof支持,赞成
infrontof面对,在……前
inhalf成两半
inhand在进行中,待办理
inhonourof为庆祝,为纪念
initlf本质上,就其自身而言
inlinewith与……一致
inmemoryof纪念
innoca决不
innotime及时,立即
innoway决不
inorder按顺序,按顺序
inotherwords换句话说
inpart某些地
inparticular特别,特别
inperson亲自,本人
inplace在适当位置
inplaceof代替,取代,互换
inpractice在实践中,事实上
inproportionto与……成比例
inpublic公开地,当众
inquantity大量
inquestion正在谈论
inregardto关于,至于
inrelationto关于,涉及
inreturn作为报答/回报/互换
inreturnfor作为对……报答
inshort简言之,总之
insight被见到;在望
inspiteof尽管
instep齐步,合拍
instepwith与……一致/协调
intears流着泪,在哭着
inthecourof在……期间/过程中
inthedistance在远处
intheend最后,终于
intheeventof如果……发生,万一
inthefaceof虽然;在……面前
inthefirstplace一方面
inthefuture在将来
intheleast丝毫,一点
in(the)lightof鉴于,由于
intheway挡道
intheworld究竟,究竟
intime及时
intouch联系,接触
inturn依次,轮流;转而
invain徒劳,白费力
insteadof代替,而不是
justnow眼下;刚才
littlebylittle逐渐地
lotsof许多
manya许多
moreorless或多或少,有点
nextdoor隔壁,在隔壁
nodoubt无疑地
nolessthan不少于……;不亚于……
nolonger不再
nomore不再
nomorethan至多,同……同样不
noneotherthan不是别,正是
onone'sguard警惕,提防
nothingbut只有,只但是
nowandthen时而,偶尔
offandon断断续续,间歇地
offduty下班
onalarge/smallscale大/小规模地
onaccountof由于
on(an/the)average平均,普通
onbehalfof代表
onboard在船(车/飞机)上
onbusiness因公
onconditionthat如果
onduty上班,值班
onearth究竟,究竟
onfire起火着火
onfoot步行,
onguard站岗,值班
onhand在场,在手边
onoccasion(s)有时,间或
onone'sown独立,独自
onpurpo故意地
onsale出售,便宜出售
onschedule准时间表,准时
oncondthoughts经重新考虑
onthecontrary正相反
onthegroundsof依照,以……为由
on(the)onehand一方面
ontheotherhand另一方面
onthepointof即将……时刻
ontheroad在旅途中
ontheside作为兼职/副业
onthespot在场;立即
onthewhole总来说,大体上
ontime准时
onceagain再一次
once(and)forall一劳永逸地
onceinawhile偶尔
oncemore再一次
onceuponatime从前
oneanother互相
orel否则,要否则
orso大概,左右
otherthan非;除了
outof从……中;由于;缺少
outofbreath喘但是气来
outofcontrol失去控制
outofdate过时
outofdoors在户外
outoforder出故障
outofplace不恰当
outofpractice久不练习,荒疏
outofsight看不见,在视野外
outofthequestion毫无也许
outoftouch不联系,不接触
overandover(again)屡次地,再三地
priorto在……之前
quiteafew相称多,不少
ratherthan不是……(而是)
regardlessof不顾,不惜
rightaway及时,立即
sidebyside肩并肩,一起
sofar迄今为止
soonerorlater迟早,早晚
stepbystep逐渐地
suchas例如,诸如
thanksto由于,多亏
thatis(tosay)就是说,即
tothepoint切中要害,切题
undercontrol处在控制之下
underthecircumstances这种状况下
uptodate在进行中
upto多达;直到;胜任;取决于
whatif切合当前状况
whatabout怎么样
withrespectto如果……将怎么样
withregardto关于,至于
withoutquestion关于,至于,
withtheexceptionof除……之外
withoutquestion毫无疑问
wordforword逐字
专四高频短语汇总(二)____例句篇。
y(=befaithfulto;obeyvt)忠于;遵守。
a)Plefeelassuredwewillabidebyourpromi.
ntfrom…缺席
a)Heisldomabntfromschool.
eofmind(=beingabnt-minded)心不在焉
a)Abnceofmindinchemicalexperimentsmaycauariousaccident.
rbedin全神贯注于…近:beengrosdin;belostin;beraptin;beburiedin;beconcentratedon;
befocudon;becenteredon
a)Newtonwassoengrosdinhislaboratoryworkthatheoftenforgottoeat.牛顿全神贯注地在实验室工作,经
常连吃饭也忘了。
b)engrossvt用大字体书写,使全神贯注,
c)raptadj全神贯注
5.(be)abundantin(berichin;bewellsuppliedwith)富于,富有
a)aboundinplacewithsth
b)Streamsaboundwithfish河里鱼诸多。
c)Birdsareabndantinthetallvegetationbythecanal.
(to)(不可数名词)能接近,进入,理解
a)Thereisnoaccesstothestreetthroughthatdoor.
b)穿过那个门没有通向大街路。
’sownaccord(willingly)自愿地,积极地
a)Sheknewtheywouldleaveoftheirownaccord.
rdwith与…一致
a)…thismilitaryaction,takeninaccordwithUnitedNationsresolutions…
ccordwith同…不一致
rdance(accord)with(=inagreementwith)依照,依照
a)Mostpeoplebelievetheyconducttheirprivateandpubliclivesinaccordancewith
eaccord(unanimously)一致地
a)Withoneaccordtheyturnedandwalkedbackoverthegrass.
ord和谐;和睦
a)Thetwotribeslivedinconcord.两部落和睦相处。
’sownaccount为了某人缘故,为了某人自己利益
14.(=atone’sownrisk)自行负责
a)Itoldhimifhewithdrewitwasonhisownaccount.
15.(=byonelf)依托自
a)Shehadplanstotupinbusinessonherownaccount.
unt(credit)赊账;
a)Ifyoubuysomethingonaccount,youpaynothingoronlypartofthecostatfirst,andpaytherestlater.
untof由于(becauof);
a)Youuonaccountoftointroducethereasonorexplanationforsomething.
count无论什么因素也不;
a)Onnoaccountshouldthemixturecomenearboiling.
hintoaccount把……考虑进去
a)Thedirectionoftheprevailingwindsshouldbetakenintoaccount.
anaccountof阐明,解释(理由)
tfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解释,阐明
a)Thesuspectcouldn'taccountforhistimethatnight.
b)嫌疑犯不能阐明那天晚上她时间安排
sbof…(=chargesbwith…;blamesbfor…;blamesthonsb;complainabout)指控,控告
a)Theywereaccudofunlawfulasmbly.
stomedtodoingsth(=beinthehabitofdoingsth,beudtosth)习惯于
a)Iamnotaccustomedtobeinginterrupted.
aintedwith理解;熟悉
a)HewaswellacquaintedwiththeliteratureofFrance,GermanyandHolland.
履行;
a)BoththeIsraelisandthePalestiniansfailedtoactonrecentUNresolutions.以巴双方均未能履行联合国近期
决策。
担当;
a)Actasanagenttorecordtheaccounts.
代理
a)HeactedforSmithwhilehewasill.
nelfto
a)Headaptedhimlftothecoldweather.
b)她适应了寒冷天气。
…(for)(=makesthSuitableforanewneed)改编,改写(以适应新需要)
a)Agradedreaderisastorywhichhasbeenadaptedforpeoplelearningtoreadorlearningaforeignlanguage.
tion此外,又,加之
a)TheMetOfficeWebsiteprovidesregionalreports,tion,visitors
candownloadsatelliteimagesoftheUK.
tionto(=aswellas,besides,otherthan)除…外
a)There’sapostageandpackingfeeinadditiontotherepaircharge.
to(=abideby,conformto,complywith,clingto,insiston,persistin,obrve
附;坚持,遵循
a)Iwilladheretothisopinionuntilcontraryfactsappear.
b)如果没有相反事实,我将坚持我意见。
to(=changeslightly)调节;适应;
a)Theyareunabletoadjustthemlvestotheirenvironment”
f(leaveroomfor;allowfor)留有…余地Therulesandregulationsadmitofnootherexplanation这些
规章制度不容许有其她解释。
ntage有利,使长处更加突出地
a)Therosweredisplayedtoadvantageinablueva.
advantageover赛过
a)Thiscustom-builtkitchenhasmanyadvantagesoverastandardone.
vantageof(=makethebestof,utilize,makeuof,profitfrom)欺骗、运用
a)Shetookadvantageofhimevenaftertheyweredivorced.
to批准,允诺
a)Sheagreedtomyidea她批准我想法。
n对…意见一致
a)Weagreeonthiscount这一点上,咱们意见一致。
ith一致;相符合
a)Iquiteagreewithwhatyousay.你所说我很赞成。
ithsb.批准某人观点
a)Iagreewithyouaboutthegunsituation.
ementwith批准,一致
a)Notallscholarsareinagreementwithher,however.
f在…之前,超过
a)Ourcompanyisaheadofothermakersofsparepartsfortheairplane.
b)咱们公司制造飞机零部件比别家业绩好。
ftime提前
a)Thisdishmaybepreparedadayaheadoftimeandrefrigerated.
ir1)不必定,不详细
1.2)在谣传中
2.3)处处弥漫
b)Excitementwasintheair.处处布满了兴奋之情
ll(=especially,mostimportantofall)特别是,最重要
a)Aboveall,donotbetooproudtoaskforadvice.
dv.(=altogether)总共,总计
a)Inallsome15millionpeopleliveinthelectedareas.
ll毕竟,究竟;
a)Ithasturnedouttobeanicedayafterall.
b)天气终于转晴了。
49.(not)atall一点也不;
a)I'mnotatallsorryIcame,I'mglad!
b)我来了一点也不遗憾,我很高兴。
nce(=suddenly)突然;
a)Ifeelterriblysleepyallatonce.
b)Allatoncetherewassomeoneknockingonthedoor
dforall一劳永逸;
a)Theproblemcanbesolvedonceandforall,ifyoudothat.(如果你那样做,问题就也许一劳永逸地得到解
决。)
ll最重要;
a)Aboveall,IloveTchaikovsky.
b)一方面,我喜欢柴可夫斯基。
fall一方面;
a)Thecutintfall,banksare
stillafraidtoloan.
ll大体上说;
a)Allinall,herconditionisgreatlyimproved.
b)普通说来,她健康状况大大好转。
(=Nearly;almost)几乎
a)allbutcryingwithrelief高兴地差一点大叫起来
or考虑到,预计到
a)Wemustallowforhisinexperience咱们必要考虑到她缺少经验。
to(=tobeequalto)总计、等同于
a)Thebankshavewhatamountstoamonopoly.
b)...aschoolboycomedy,whichamountedtolittlemorethanslapstick.
for(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,takechargefor)对…负责、保证(guarantee)
a)Iwillanswerforthetruthofwhathehassaid.
b)我保证她所说话是真。
to(conformto,compliancewith)适合,符合
a)Hedoesn'tanswertothedescriptionofthemissingman.她与所描绘失踪者相貌特性不符。
ousabout为…焦急不安;或anxiousfor
a)Weareallanxiousabout/forhissafety.
b)咱们都为她安全而忧虑。
izetosbforsth为…向…道歉
a)Iapologizedtoherforsteppingonherfoot.
b)我因踩了她脚而向她道歉。
forsth呼吁…、祈求
a)toappealforaid求助
tosb对某人有吸引力
a)Doesthefilmappealtoyou?
or申请
a)Iwanttoapplyforthejob.我想申请这项工作。
osth=resorttosth与…关于;合用
a)WhatIhavesaiddoesnotapplytoyou.
b)我说话与你无关。
eofdoing(=conntto,beinfavorof,favor,agreeto,considergood,right)赞成,
a)Myparentsdon'tapproveofmesmokingcigarettes.
b)我父母不准许我吸烟。
rom(=resultfrom)由…引起
a)mistakesthatarifromabasicmisunderstanding.
b)出自于基本上是误解错误
eforsbtodosth安排…做…
a)Ithasbeenarrangedforhimbyhisfamilytomarryagirlofhisownclass.她家已就婚姻问题为她做好安排,
要她娶一种门当户对女孩
at到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;
a)Wearrivedatadecisionaftermuchthought.
b)通过人们重复考虑后做出了决定
c)toarriveataport到达港口
in到达某地(大地方);
a)toarriveataport到达港口
medof以…为羞耻
a)IbehavedbadlyyesterdayandIamashamed(ofmylf)now.我昨天体现不好,我当前感到很羞愧。
sbofsth向…保证,使…确信
a)Iassureyouitsquality.保证质量
(to)缚,系,结
a)Weshouldattachprimaryimportancetothedevelopmentofeconomy.咱们要把发展经济工作放在第一位。
attemptatdoingsth(todosth)试图做…
a)Ifyoumakeanattempttodosomething,youtrytodoit,oftenwithoutsuccess.
to(=lookafter)关注;注意:
a)We'llattendtothatproblemlater.
b)稍后咱们将关注那个问题
c)Thestaffwillhelpfullyattendtoyourneeds.
on(upon)(=waitupon,rve)侍候
a)attendonone'smaster侍候主人
deto/toward…对…态度/看法
a)People'sattitudetowardstheskyscrapersvarieswidely.人们对这些摩天大楼态度很不相似。
ute…to…(=tobelievesthtobetheresultof…)把…归因于
a)Davidattributedhiscompany'ssuccesstotheunityofallthestaffandtheirperveringhardwork.
b)大卫说她们公司之因此获得成功是由于全体员工团结和坚持不懈努力工作成果。
verage(=onaverage,onanaverage)平均
a)Onaverage,Americanfirmsremainthemostproductiveintheworld.
b)Americansharesro,onaverage,by38%.
eof(=beconsciousof,beware)意识到
a)Iwasnotawareofthefire.我没故意识到火。
ackof在...背面支持,主使
a)ActorHughGrantwascaughtwithhispantsdownwhenhewashavingxwithaprostituteinthebackofhis
car.
ackof在…后部(外面);
a)Aguyisreadinghispaperwhenhiswifewalksupbehindhimandsmackshimonthebackoftheheadwitha
fryingpan.
e’sback(=beillinbed)卧床
a)Helayonhisback,withhishandscrosdunderhishead.她仰面躺着,头枕着手。
’sback(=supportingorfavoringsb)支持
a)Don’ttalkaboutother’sathis
back.
b)A:Tomshouldlearntolookafterhimlf.
c)B:Yeah,hecan’talwayshaveusathisback.
atone’sback有…支持,有…作后台
one’sback背着某人(说坏话)
a)Don'tspeakevilofamanbehindhisback.
b)不要在背后说人坏话。
e’sbackonsb(=cloone’yetosb)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃
a)Iftheworldturnsitsbackonyou,youturnyourbackontheworld.
don/upon基于
a)Thisnewsreportisbadentirelyonfact.
b)这篇新闻报导是完全依照实际状况写成。
asisof依照…,在…基本上
a)Onthebasisoftheaboveresults,wemayestablishattractorviewpointofprocessofthelong-rangeatmosphere
andclimate.
ith以…开始
a)Knowledgebeginwithpractice.结识从实践开始。
nwith(=firstly)一方面,第一(经惯用于开始语)
a)Tobeginwith,wemustconsiderthefacultiesofthestaffall-sidedly.一方面,咱们必要全面地考虑全体员工素
质。
lfof以…名义
a)SecretServiceofficerRobinThompsonspokeonbehalfofhiscolleagues.
ein(=havefaithortrustin;counton)相信,依赖,信奉
a)Idon'tbelieveinthestory.
b)我不相信这件事。;我不相信这个故事。
t(from)受益,得到好处
a)Webenefitfromdailyexercis.
b)咱们得益于每天做操。
benefitof为了…利益(好处)
a)intheinterestsof符合…利益
b)tforyourbenefit.
这不是她过错。她是为了你利益才这样做。
c)Allthedonationsareforthebenefitofthedisabledchildren.
所有捐款都是为了协助残疾小朋友。
better好转
a)Herconditiontookaturnforthebetter.
b)她状况有所改进
betterof(=defeatsb)打败,智胜
a)Thedevilbeginstogetthebetterofhimbyfurnishinghimwithreasonsforlf-approval.
h在出生上,论出身,按血统
a)IococcaisItalianbybirthalthoughhewasbornintheUnitedStates.
b)雅可虽然生在美国,但父母是意大利人。
rthto出生
a)Ahobbythatgavebirthtoasuccessfulbusiness.
bforsth因…责怪某人
a)blamesthonsb把…推在某人身上
b)Don'tblameitonhim,butonme.
c)别怪她,该怪我。
d)Theyblamedthecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.
e)她们怪罪秘书导致筹划延误。
ossom开花(强调状态)
a)comeintoblossom开花(强调动作)
b)Afriendshipinfullblossom浓郁情谊
c)Approximatma.
d到船上,在船上,上火车或飞机
a)Wewentonboardtheship.咱们登上了轮船。
b)Everybodyonboardwasworriedandwewerecurioustofindoutwhathadhappened.
c)飞机上人都很着急,并且咱们急于想理解出了什么事。
f(orabout)吹嘘bragabout
a)Nobodyshouldboastofhislearning.
b)谁也不应当夸耀自己学识。
reath喘但是气来
a)Ifyouarepuffing,youarebreathingloudlyandquicklywithyourmouthopenbecauyouareoutofbreath
afteralotofphysicaleffort.
f(=forshort,Insummary)简言之
a)Inbriefhesays'No'她简短地说了一种'不'字。
成批地,不散装
a)Ifyoubuyorllsomethinginbulk,youbuyorllitinlargequantities.
efloor起立发言
a)Itiswithgreatemotion,thatItakethefloorheretoday.
ness出差办事(相应forpleasure)
a)I'mhereonbusiness.
withsth于某事。
a)bebusydoingsth忙于做某事
b)Hebusiedhimlfwithansweringletters.
c)她忙于回信。
tone倒数第二
a)Jackwasthelastbutonetoarrive.杰克是倒数第二个到达。
(=without)要不是(表达假设)
a)Butformybrother'shelp,Iwouldnothavefinished.
b)要不是我兄弟协助,我是无法完毕。
for…money用多少钱买
a)Sheboughtherfriendaprentfor50RMB.
b)她花了50元买了一件礼物给她朋友。
bleof可以,有能力
a)Areyoucapableofclimbingthattree?
b)你能爬上那棵树吗?
a(atanyrate,atanyprice,atanycost,anyhow)无论如何
a)It'stoolate,inanyca.无论如何太晚了。
(=forfearthat)万一;
a)tookalonganumbrella,justinca.
b)随身带一把伞,以防万一
of(=intheeventof,if)如果发生…万一
a)Thisisacaofstupidity,notdishonesty.
b)这只是个愚蠢例子,并非不诚实。
aof在...状况
a)Whattodointhecaofaneyeinjury?
在任何状况下都不(放句首倒装句)
a)Innocadowerecommendthatanyonegobelow100Nutripointsdailybecauyoureallycannotexpectto
getadequatenutrientsatthislevel.
iousof谨防
a)Hewascautiousofhisfooting,waryoftheedge.
one’sattentionon(=focusone’sattentionon)把某人注意力集中在…上
a)Industrialdevelopmentisbeingcentereditsattentiononthewestofthecountry.
b)这个国家西部正集中发展工业。
ainof(=besureof)有把握,一定
a)Wearecertainofvictory.咱们一定会获得胜利。
tain(=forsure)必定地,有把握地
a)Somesoilsareactuallytooalkalineforcertainplantlife.
ce(=accidentally,byaccident)偶尔
a)Theymetbychanceonaplane.
b)她们在飞机上不期而遇
ange换换环境(花样等)
a)ateearlyforachange.变化一下提早吃饭
geof(=responsiblefor)负责(某事)
a)Who'sinChargeofthisNetwork?
argeof(beresponsiblefor)负责管理(照顾)
a)Sheistheyoungestmanagerwhotakeschargeoftheoverasbusinessinthecompany.她是这个公司里负责海
外业务最年轻经理。
…for因…索取(费用),chargesbwithsth控告某人犯有…
a)Chargestendollarsforahaircut.
heclock(=alldayandallnight,usuallywithoutstopping)昼夜不断地
a)Thisisaterrificmissionandweareverybusydoingscienceroundtheclock.
tonsth评论
a)Everyonecommentedonhernewhat.
b)人们都在评论她新帽子。
c)Hecommentedonthebadroad.
d)她评论这条糟糕路。
onelfto致力于
a)Icommitmylftostriveforgradesof“C”orbetterinallmyhighschoolclassandtobenefitfullyfromthe
classofferedduringthesummerprogram.
sbtoprison把某人送进监狱;
a)Arobberywascommittedtoprisonlastnight.
b)昨晚发生了一种强盗被送入了监狱。
itonelftoapromi受诺言约束
on(和…)有共同之处,共用
a)Wehavemanythingsincommon.
touchn.平易近人特性
a)Aneffectiveadministratorandalsoaneffectiveleader,withacommontouch
b)有效行政人员,也是有效领导者,普通有平易近人品质
ontosb是与某人所共有
mpanywith(=befriendlyandgoouttogether)和…要好
a)Ifyoukeepcompanywithapersonorwithaparticularkindofperson,youspendalotoftimewiththem.
eAwithB把…与…比较
a)compareonethingwithanother
b)将一物与另一物比较
eAtoB把…比作…
a)Man'slifeisoftencomparedtoacandle.
b)人生常被喻为蜡烛。
arison(with)比较起来
a)Hepuffedthenewsystembyshowinghowbadlyhixistingsystemperformedbycomparison.
b)AgriculturalproductivityremainedlowbycomparisonwithadvancedcountriesliketheUnitedStates.
arisonwith(=incontrastto)和…比起来
a)Theywerelivingratherwell,incomparisonwithpeopleelwhereintheworld.
satefor(=givesthtomakeupfor)补偿,补偿,弥补
a)Nothingcancompensateforthelossofone'shealth.
b)一种人失去了键康是不可弥补。
satesbforsth补偿,弥补
a)Managementcompensatedusforthetimeweworked.资方补偿咱们工作时间报酬
intosbabout/ofsth向某人抱怨…
a)Jeanisalwayscomplainingaboutsomething.
b)琼总是满腹牢骚。
with(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,ruleetc)遵守,依从
a)Youmustcomplywiththelibraryrules.
b)遵守图书馆规则。
liancewith顺从,遵守,依从
a)Compliancewiththelawixpectedinthestate.
b)该州规定人人守法。
veof(thinkof,imagine,consider)设想
a)Halfacenturyagoit’sdifficulttoconceiveoftravellingtothemoon半个世纪前去月球旅行是难以想象。
ernedwith(=about)关怀关注
a)We'reratherconcernedaboutfather'shealth.咱们相称紧张爸爸健康。
nonelfabout关怀(concern及物)
a)We'reratherconcernedaboutfather'shealth.
b)咱们相称紧张爸爸健康。
nonelfwith关注
a)toconcernonelfwithpublicwork关怀公众事务
lusion(=asthelastthing)adv最后,总之;attheconclusionof当…结束时;
a)Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexerci.
专四必备语法
一、时态、语态
时态、语态需要掌握要点:
1.表达将来时形式:
(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,普通当前时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句类型,如:
I’lltellhimwhenyouwillringagain.我告诉她你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句)
比较:I’lltellhimwhenyouringagain.你再打电话时我告诉她。(状语从句)
(2)在makesure,makecertain,e(toit)后that从句中,谓语动词用普通当前时代替将来时,如:
Seetoitthatyouincludeinthepaperwhateverquestionstheydidn’tknowtheanswertolasttime.
(include不能用willinclude或其她形式)
2.完毕时是时态测试重点,注意与完毕时连用句型和时间状语:
(1)by/between/upto/till+过去时间、since、bythetime/when+表达过去发生状况从句,主句用过去完毕时。
如:Wehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.
Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayedhadbeenproduced.
(表达19时已发生状况)
(2)by+将来时间、bythetime/when+谓语动词是普通当前时从句,主句用将来完毕时。如:
BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedinEuropefortwoweeks.
Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.
(3)bynow、since+过去时间、in/during/for/over/thepast/lastfew(或详细数字)years/days/months,主句用当前
完毕时,如:
Thechangesthathadtakenplaceinairtravelduringthelastsixtyyearswouldhaveemedcompletelyimpossible
toeventhemostbrilliantscientistsattheturnofthe19thcentury.
但在itis+详细时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多时候不用完毕时。
ItisfouryearssinceJohnleftschool.
(4)在Itisthe+序数词/形容词最高档+that定语从句中,谓语动词惯用当前完毕时。如:
Itisn’tthefirsttimethatIhavefoundmylfinanembarrassingsituation.
(5)在nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句惯用过去完毕时。
3.完毕进行时指动作在完毕时基本上还要继续下去。如:
Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappened.
时态、语态答题思路:
(1)先依照选项区别点拟定考题要点为时态,然后回到题句中寻找给出或暗示时间状语,缩小选取范畴,进
而选出对的答案;
(2)依照谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语关系,拟定句子是积极语态还是被动语态。
二、不定式
1.不定式做主语
(1)引导逻辑主语介词:不定式逻辑主语普通由介词for引导,但下列表达人性格行为特性形容词做表语时,
不定式逻辑主语则由of引导:
absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wi,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,
thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,lfish,lazy,wicked,
wrong。如:
Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.
It’scleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.
(2)不定式做主语补足语:
掌握惯用不定式做主语补足语句型。注意不定式表达动作发生时间,并采用相应形式。如:
besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/suppod+todosth.
2.不定式做宾语
掌握规定接不定式做宾语动词:
afford,arrange,attempt,claim,desire,determine,expect,fail,guarantee,endeavor,intend,pledge,
pretend,resolve,request,swear,tend,venture。如:
Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedtobeasleep,thenurswerenotdeceivedwhentheycameintotheroom.
3.不定式做定语
(1)被修饰名词前有序数词、形容词最高档或next,last,only,nota,the,very等限定词时,该名词用不定
式做定语。如:thefirstwomantotfootonthemoon第一种登上月球女性
(2)如果其动词规定不定式做宾语,相应名词普通用不定式做定语。如:
tendencytodo→tendtodo,decisiontodo→decidetodo
ThisbookisanattempttohelpyouuEnglishandrecognizehowitisud.
(3)如果其形容词形式规定接不定式做补语,相应名词普通用不定式做定语。如:
ambitiontodo“干……雄心”→beambitioustodo“有雄心干……”
curiositytodo“对……好奇心”→becurioustodo“对……好奇”
abilitytodo“做……能力”→abletodo“有能力做……”
AccordingtoDarwin,randomchangesthatenhanceaspecies’abilitytosurvivearenaturallylectedandpasd
ontosucceedinggeneration.
(4)表达方式、因素、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语,这些名词涉及:
way,method,reason,time,place,chance,occasion,opportunity,evidence,power,right,movement,
drive(运动),effort等。如:IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtimetocatchthelastbus.
Weappreciateyoureffortstobringaboutacomprehensivesolutiontotheexistingproblem.
(5)不定代词something,nothing,little,much,alot习惯上用不定式做定语。如:
Thoughwehavemadegreatprogress,thereisstillmuchtobeimproved.
4.不定式做状语
不定式做状语重要表达目、限度、成果、方式。
(1)inorderto(do),soasto(do)构造引导目状语,soasto不能置于句首。如:
(2)so…asto,such…asto,enough…to,too…to构造做限度状语。如:
Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoarelf-employed,don’thavesmallchildrenandgetalongwellenough
tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.
ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglisharesotrivialandfewashardly
tobenoticed.
(3)不定式做成果状语只能出当前句子末尾,表达不高兴成果,有时用only加强语调。
常用不定式动词有find,hear,e,betold,form,give,make,produce等。如:
Greatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentandtriedthedoor,onlytofinditlocked.
(4)not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表达必定意义。如:
Iamonlytoopleadtohearfromyoufurther.能再听到你消息,我太高兴了。
三、动名词
1.必要接动名词做宾语动词
紧记下列规定接动名词做宾语动词:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,admit,confess,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,
excu,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,imagine,involve,justify,mention,pardon,practice,postpone,recall,
recollect,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate。如:
Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.
2.动名词做介词短语
考生特别要辨认下列短语中to是介词,不是不定式符号:
objectto,resortto,reactto,contributeto,lookforwardto,beaccustomedto,becommittedto,beexpodto,
besubjectedto,bedevotedto,bededicatedto,beoppodto,bereconciledto,becontraryto,be(get)ud
to,comecloto,getdownto,giveonelfupto,prefer…to,eto,tto,taketo,inadditionto,withregard
to,withaviewto,onthewayto。如:
四、分词
分词起形容词和副词作用,在句中做定语或状语。在概念上应清晰:
●当前分词表达积极,表达动作在进行。
●过去分词表达被动,表达动作结束了状态或成果。
1.分词做定语,弄清当前分词与过去分词区别
分词短语做定语相称于省略了定语从句,考生应掌握:
(1)当前分词与被修饰词之间具备积极意义。如:
It’asytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechangestakingplacein
ourever-increasingworld.
(相称于thechangeswhichtakeplace...)
TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecentlygivingwhathethoughtwasa
reasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.
(相称于whichgave...)
Howmanyofusattending,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?
(相称于Howmanyofuswhowillattend...)
(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具备被动意义。如:
Goodnewswassometimesreleadprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheportannouncedhalfaday
beforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.
(相称于…recaptureoftheportwhichhadbeenannounced…)
Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem,sodoesthevalueofa
computersystemincreawitheachprogramthatturnsout.(相称于…eachnewphonewhichisaddedto…)
Theauthorgaveadetaileddescriptionbadonhispersonalobrvationofnature.
(相称于…descriptionwhichwasbadon…)
(3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具备被动意义:
decead,departed,elapd,faded,fallen,gone,grown-up,retired,returned,rin,t,vanished,much-travelled,
newlyarrived,recentlycome。如:
anescapedprisoner一种逃犯aretiredworker一位退休工人
afadedcurtain一种褪了色窗帘anewlyarrivedstudent一种新来学生
2.分词做状语,注意区别分词普通式与完毕式
(1)表达时间,多置于句首,注意如果分词表达动作时间先于谓语动词,要用完毕式。如:
Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanotherone.(complete先于start之前发生)
(2)表达因素,置于句首句尾均可,依照状况有时要用完毕式,有时用普通式。如:
Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,beingconsideredinsufficientlypopularwithall
members.
Thereemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,havingbeendertedinthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythrough
it.
(3)表达随着、方式,置于句尾,用分词普通式。如:
Helenborrowedmydictionarytheotherdaysayingthatshewouldreturnitsoon.
Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completelylosttotheoutsideworld.
(4)表达到果,置于句尾,用分词普通式。如:Thecityfounditlfinacrisissituationlastsummerwhentheair
conditioningondozensofthenewbusbrokedown,themunusable.
(5)表达补充阐明(同位),置于句尾,用分词普通式。如:Thearticleopensandcloswithdescriptionsoftwo
newsreports,eachmakingonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.
Fordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworkerassignedaparatetask.
3.分词独立主格构造
分词逻辑主语普通为句子主语,否则分词短语要有自己逻辑主语,称为分词独立主格构造。分词独立主格
构造只是句子一种某些。如:
Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.
Darknessttingin,theyoungcouplelingeredonmerrymaking.
五、非谓语动词其她考点
1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以,但在乎思上有区别动词用法
meantodo想要(做某事)propotodo打算(做某事)
meandoing意味(做某事)propodoing建议(做某事)
forgettodo忘掉(要做事)remembertodo记得(要做某事)
forgetdoing忘掉(已做事)rememberdoing记得(已做过事)
goontodo继而(做另一件事)stoptodo停下来去做另一件事
goondoing继续(做本来事)stopdoing停止正在做事
regrettodo(对将要做事)遗憾regretdoing(对已做过事)后悔
2.不定式习惯用法
句型:cannothelpbutdocannotbutdo
cannotchoobutdocandonothingbutdo
havenochoice/alternativebuttodo
上述句型意思接近,即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如:
Nobodycanhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.
WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasapainter,Icannothelpbutbelievethatthepublicwillappreciatehisgift.
3.动名词习惯用法
句型:bebusy/fficulty/trouble/problemdoingsth.
It’snogood/u/ood/great/wonderfultimedoingsth.
spend/snopoint/n/harm/udoingsth.
snodoingsth.
Iknowitisn’timportantbutIcan’thelpthinkingaboutit.
Alicewashavingtroublecontrollingthechildrenbecauthereweresomanyofthem.
Thereisnoucryingoverspiltmilk.
e非谓语动词用法
(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词持续规定。如:
Thestudentxpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassbeforethefinalexams.(expect规定接不定式做宾语)
(2)做目状语或限度状语时用fortheretobe,做其她状语用therebeing。如:
Fortheretobesuccessfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitlfby
allprent.(fortheretobe…在句中做目状
语)
Itisn’tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim’scaroutquitesafely.
(fortheretobe…在句中做限度状语)
Therebeingnofurtherquestions,we’llstopheretoday.(therebeing…做因素状语)
(3)引导主语用fortheretobe。如:Itisunusualfortheretobenolatecomerstoday.
(4)做除for外介词宾语,用therebeing。如:
Hewouldalwaysignorethefactoftherebeingsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought.
六、虚拟语调
1.主从句谓语动词时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词规范搭配:
主句从句
与当前事实相反would/情态动词过去式+dowere(不分人称)/did
与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+havedonehaddone
与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+doshoulddo/weretodo
如:Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechildcouldnothavedied.
Thereisarealpossibilitythattheanimalscouldbefrightened,shouldtherebeasuddenloudnoi.
(2)区别主从句表达不同步间概念:
主从句谓语动词所指时间不同,这叫做错综时间条件句,动词形式应依照实际状况来调节。如:
Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.
(主句与当前事实相反,从句与过去事实相反)
HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.
(主句与当前事实相反,从句与过去事实相反)
(3)辨认事实和假设混合句:
Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthat
yourparentswereillatthetime.
(句子前半某些为假设状况,而“父母病了”是事实)
Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflast
week.
(前半某些为假设,后半某些是事实)
2.名词性从句虚拟形式
名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表达
虚拟。考生应熟悉:
(1)下列动词做谓语时,that宾语从句中动词用虚拟形式:
desire,advi,recommend,command,direct,order,ask,demand,request,requireinsist,maintain,move,
propo,prefer,urge,vote。如:
Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.
Imovethathebedischargedforhisriousmistake.
(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时,that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式:
advisable,desirable,insistent,preferable,urgent,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,esntial,imperative,
important,necessary,obligatory,possible,probable,proper,vital,advid,arranged,commanded,demanded,
desired,ordered,propod,recommended,requested,required,suggested。如:
Theboarddeemiturgentthatthefilesshouldbeprintedrightaway.
Itisntialthatallthefiguresbecheckedtwice.
(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时,从句中动词用虚拟形式:
insistence,preference,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,motion,desire,requirement,request,order,
necessity,importance,regulation,rule,resolution,understanding。如:
JohnWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbe
analyzedinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.
Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourreprentativebenttotheconferenceonschedule.
3.含蓄虚拟条件句谓语动词形式
含蓄虚拟语调是指假设条件不通过if从句表达,而是暗含在其她构造中。考生应熟悉:
(1)连词but,butthat,or,orel;副词otherwi,unfortunately等表达转折假设。如:
unately,itwasneverdone.
Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened;otherwihewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.
(2)介词短语暗含假设条件,惯用有:without,butfor,undermorefavorableconditions等。如:
ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.
(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+不定式完毕式或had
intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished
+不定式普通式暗示虚拟语调。如:Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.
(4)情态动词完毕式暗示虚拟语调。如:Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinerervation,butIdidn’t.
4.惯用虚拟形式句型
(1)从句中动词用过去式或过去完毕式表达虚拟句型:
wouldratherwouldassoonasthoughsuppo…
hadratherwouldsoonerasifsupposing…
Ifonly…Itis(high)timethat…(从句中动词只用过去式)
如:Hiswifewouldrathertheydidn’ttalkaboutthematteranymore.
I’dratheryouwentbytrain,becauIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.
IfIwereinamovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatIburiedmyheadinmyhandsforacry.
Myfatheralwaystalksasthoughhewereaddressingapublicmeeting.
(2)Ifitwerenotfor…(与当前事实相反)
Ifithadnotbeenfor…(与过去事实相反)相称于butfor。如:
Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butforhishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.
(3)Ifonly…谓语动词视状况选用恰当形式。如:
Ifonlythecommitteewouldapprovetheregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.
(4)lest/forfearthat/inca从句谓语用(should+)动词原形。如:
Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimlf.
(5)whether…or…有时谓语用be原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法经常采用倒装构造。如:
Churchasweuthewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,betheyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,and
soon.
Thebusinessofeachday,beitllinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.
七、情态动词
注意情态动词完毕式用法有两方面含义:
1.表达已经发生状况
(1)musthave+过去分词,表达对已发生状况必定推测,译为“(昨天)一定……”。如:
MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetasked
sympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”
(2)can’t/couldn’thave+过去分词,表达对已发生状况否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没……”。如:
Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter;otherwishewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.
(3)may/mighthave+过去分词,表达对已发生事情做不必定、也许性很小推测,或事实上主线没发生,译为
“也许……”。如:AtFloridaPower’sCrystalRiverplant,apotentiallyriousleakageofradioactivewatermay
havebeenunknowinglycaudbyanelectrician.
2.表达虚拟语调
(1)needn’thave+过去分词,表达做了不必做事,译为“其实没必要……”。如:
Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouparty,weneedn’thavedresdupsoformally.
(2)should/shouldnothave+过去分词,表达应当做某事但事实上未做,或本不应当做但事实上做了,译为“本
(不)应当……”。如:Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldhaveplannedeverythingaheadcarefully.
(3)oughttohave+过去分词,表达动作按理该发生了,但事实上未发生,译为“该……”,与should完毕式含
义类似。如:
Theporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock,whichwentupinsmoke.
(4)couldhave+过去分词,表达过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……”。如:
Whatyousaidisright,butyoucouldhavephraditmoretactfully.
(5)may/mighthave+过去分词,表达过去可以做但实际未做,译为“(那样)也许会……”。如:
Itmighthavebeenbettertoincludemorepunchystatisticsandphotosofequipmentintheintroductiontofurther
assistfirst-timeofficeautomationmanagers.
3.几种情态动词常考句型
(1)may/might(just)aswell“不妨,最佳”,与hadbetter相近。如:
Sincetheflightwascancelled,youmightaswellgobytrain.
(2)cannot/can’t…too…“越……越好,怎么也但是分”。注意这个句型变体cannot…over…。如:
Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.
bjectcannotbeoveremphasized.
(3)udn’t或didn’tuto为udto(do)否定式。
(4)should除了“应当”一层意思外,大纲还规定要掌握其“居然”意思。如:
Ididn’texpectthatheshouldhavebehavedlikethat.
八、形容词、副词及其比较级
1.形容词句法功能
形容词在句中做定语、表语和主语。考生应注意:
(1)以“a”开头形容词如alone,alike,asleep,awake等不能做前置定语,可做表语或后置定语。
(2)某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾词是形容词,如friendly,leisurely,lovely等。
(3)下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,规定形容词做表语:remain,keep,become,
get,grow,go,come,turn,stay,stand,run,prove,em,appear,look。
2.考比较级时,考生应把握
(1)形容词和副词比较级形式与否和比较连词相应浮现,即与否符合原级比较及比较级构造。如:
Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoftenasgoodas,orbetterthananactualperformance.
Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethowithlittleambition.
(2)比较成分与否属于同类事物或同类概念。如:
Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalfthatoflastyear’s.
Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofDickensfarmoreexcitingthanThackeray’s.
(3)比较级修饰语如alittle,alot,the,any,even,far,hardly,lots,much,rather,尚有表达倍数比较词
等,她们位置是:修饰语+as…as…,或修饰语+more…than…。如:
Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillsventimesmorepeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.
“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?”“No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidtwiceasmuchforit.”
(4)下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表达比较概念:
inferior,minor,nior,prior,preferto,superior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwith,
incomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan。如:Theirwatchissuperiortoalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.
3.最高档形式应注意问题
比较级形式表达最高档意义时,比较对象范畴应用:
anyother+单数名词
theother+复数名词
theothers
anyone/anythingel
上述词是用来将比较级构造转变成最高档意义核心词语,切不可漏掉,否则会导致逻辑混乱错误。如不能
说:Johnrunsfasterthananyone.注意与汉语表达不同。
4.关于比较级特殊句型
(1)notsomuch…as…与其说……不如说……
Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariinbirthratesasafallindeathratesasaresultof
improvementsinmedicalcare.
(2)no/notanymore…than…两者同样都不……Theheartisnomoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyare
bothcontrolledbythebrain.
Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,anymorethantheycanlimithowmuchwater
youdrink.
(3)no/notanyless…than…两者同样都……Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.
(4)justas…so….正如……,……也……(用倒装构造)Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,soistheatmosphere.
九、平行构造
1.注意比较构造中相比较内容在语法形式上与否相似。如:
Itisbettertodieonone’sfeetthantoliveonone’sknees.
Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.
2.其她具备并列或比较意义短语。
(1)ratherthan,letalone虽不是并列连词,但在构造上连接两个语法形式相似成分。如:
Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleratherthaninapersonalstyle.
Forthenewcountrytosurvive,letaloneforitspeopletoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillberequired.
(2)如果平行两个成分在形式上是介词短语,并且介词相似,普通说来第二个介词不要省略。如:
Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertimentsthanintothewritingof
thefeaturesandeditorials.
十、代词
1.与所指代名词在性、数、格上与否一致
如:Eachcigaretteapersonsmokesdoessomeharm,andeventuallyhemaygetariousdiafromitffect.
Itwasduringthe1920’sthatthefriendshipbetweenthetwoAmericanwritersHemingwayandFitzgeraldreached
itshighestpoint.
指代作用
that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词(如是复数,用tho),背面普通跟有修饰语,如出当前比较构造中that
of。如:Conversationcallsforawillingnesstoalternatetheroleofspeakerwiththatoflistener,anditcallsfor
occasional“digestivepaus”byboth.
Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetasthatearnedbyhisownlabor.
指代作用
one指代不确指单数可数名词,复数为ones。theone指代确指单数可数名词。如:
Agoodwriterisonewhocanexpressthecommonplaceinanuncommonway.
十一、主谓一致问题
1.主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其她构造修饰,因此距离较远,考生易误认主语。如:
Theamountofpressurewhichthematerialsaresubjecttoaffectsthequalityoftheproducts.
2.关系代词做主语定语从句中,谓语数要与先行词一致。如:
Despitemuchrearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinctthatarenotfullyunderstood.
Therearemanyvaluablerviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butwhichdonotbringareturninmoney
tothecommunity.
3.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数。如:
Buyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjobbecauthoclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheonesthatfit
himorher.
Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar.
4.主语带有(together/along)with,suchas,aswellas,accompaniedby,including,ratherthan等附加成
分,谓语数不受附加成分影响。如:
Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,isplanningaconferenceforthepurpooflayingdown
certainregulations.
5.表达时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。
6.某些固定构造中谓语数:
agreatmany+可数名词复数谓语用复数
manya+可数名词单数谓语用单数
anumberof+可数名词复数谓语用复数
thenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数
themajorityof+可数名词复数谓语用复数
each/every+可数名词单数谓语用单数
neither/eitherof+可数名词复数谓语用单数
morethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数
oneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数
thegreaterpartof/alargeproportionof/50%of/onethirdof/plentyof/therestof
谓语数与of背面名词一致
十二、倒装构造
1.下列否定词及具有否定意义词组修饰状语时,若置于句首,句子主谓要某些倒装
never,no,neither,notonly,hardly,scarcely,little,ldom,rarely,notuntil,nowhere,atnotime,onno
account,innorespect,innon,bynomeans,innoway,nolonger,noless,nomore,nosoonerthan,
undernocircumstances,invain,stillless。如:
Notonlyisitsdirectattackontheirdiscipline,itbypasstheesnceofwhatsociologistsfocuson.
Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoanythingthatwillbenefitourlvesbutharmtheinterestsofthestate.
2.以only修饰状语开头句子,句子主谓要某些倒装
Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacanyoucometoasoundconclusion.
3.如下列副词或短语开头句子,句子主谓要某些倒装
often,so,well,tosuchadegree,tosuchanextent,tosuchextremes,tosuchapoint,manyatime。如:
Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersdothechildrenbecomethatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhaveto
forcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.
4.如下列副词开头句子,句子主谓要所有倒装
(1)出于修辞需要,表达方向副词:out,down,in,up,away,on。如:
Downjumpedtheburglarfromthetenthfloorwhenheheardsomeoneshoutedathim.
(2)出于习惯用法:here,there,now,thus,hence,then。如:
oesthebell.
5.让步从句倒装
(1)as引导让步状语从句,必要采用倒装构造,但不是主谓倒装,而是将被强调内容置于句首。如:
MuchasIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverenanyonetoequalher,inthoroughness,whateverthejob.
(2)出当前句型be+主语+其她,comewhatmay中。如:
Ourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge—beitscientificorartistic.
Thebusinessofeachday,beitllinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.
Comewhatmay,I’llbeonyourside.
6.比较从句倒装
as,than引导比较从句中,如果主语是名词短语且较长,经常采用倒装构造(不倒装也可以)。注意:这种构
造主语普通为名词,如果是代词则不倒装。如:
Hydrogenburnsmuchmorecleanlythandootherfuelsandiasytoproduce.
Readingistothemindasixercitothebody.
十三、复合句——形容词性(定语)从句
1.特别要注意who用法
who在从句中做定语,修饰名词。因此,如果关系代词背面紧接是名词,且关系代词又不在从句中做主
语或宾语,那么,这个关系代词就应当是who。如:
2.介词+which用法
如果从句中主宾成分齐全,考生便可考虑关系代词与否在从句中做状语,而状语通惯用介词短语充当,于
是可以得知,关系代词前面应有介词,再分析所给选项,依照与名词搭配作出对的选取。如:
Wearenotconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthepsychologicalsatisfactionthatcanmakethe
differencebetweenafullandanemptylife.
与which用作关系代词区别
(1)as与thesame,such,so,as等关联使用。如:Astheforestgoes,sogoesitsanimallife.
(2)as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句,但as在句中位置比较灵活,可出当前句首、句中、句末,而
which只能出当前句末,特别是当先行词是整个句子时。如:
Asistrueinallinstitutions,juriesarecapableofmakingmistakes.
Asisgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.
常用此类构造有:ashasbeensaidbefore,ashasbeenmentionedabove,ascanbeimagined,asisknowntoall,
ashasbeenannounced,ascanbeenfromthefigures,asmight/couldbeexpected,asisoftentheca,ashas
beenpointedout,asoftenhappens,aswillbeshown等。
4.关系代词that与which用于引导定语从句区别
(1)如果关系代词在从句中做宾语,用that,which都可以,并且可以省略;
(2)先行词是不定代词anything,nothing,little,all,everything时,关系代词用that;
(3)先行词由形容词最高档或序数词修饰或由next,last,only,very修饰时,用that;
(4)非限定性定语从句只能用which引导;
(5)关系代词前面如果有介词,只能用which。
做关系代词,用于否定句,相称于who…not,that…not
这个构造特点是主句中常有否定词或具有否定意义词。如:
Therearefewteachersbutknowhowtouacomputer.
Thereisnocomplicatedproblembutcanbesolvedbyacomputer.
十四、复合句——名词性从句
一种句子起名词作用,在句中做主语、宾语/介词宾语、表语、同位语,那么这个句子就是名词性从句。
/whatever用法
考生应把握:what是关系代词,它起着引导从句并在从句中担当一种成分这两个作用。如:
Theylosttheirwayintheforest,andwhatmademattersworwasthatnightbegantofall.
(what既引导主语从句又在从句中做主语)
Waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistoday—nextinimportancetooxygen.
(what既引导表语从句又在从句中做表语)
r和whomever区别
whoever和whomever相称于anyonewho,用主格与宾格取决于其在从句中做主语还是做宾语。如:
Theyalwaysgivethevacantatstowhoevercomesfirst.(whoever在从句中做主语)
3.关于同位语从句问题
(1)引导词普通为that,但有时因名词内容需要,也可由whether及连接副词why,when,where,how引导。
that不表达任何意义,其她词表达时间、地点、因素等。如:
Theproblem,whereIwillhavemycollegeeducation,athomeorabroad,remainsuntouched.
(2)同位语从句有时与先行词隔开,注意辨认。如:
Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.
r与if在引导名词性从句时区别
(1)主语从句只能用whether引导;
(2)whether普通多用于宾语从句必定式,而if引导从句可以有否定式;
(3)whetherornot可以连在一起用,而ifornot则不能,ornot只能放在句末;
(4)whether可以引导介词宾语从句,if则不能;
(5)宾语从句提至谓语前面时,只能用whether引导;
(6)在question,ask背面普通只用whether,question同位语从句也用whether引导;
(7)后接不定式时,只能用whether。
5.动词believe,expect,fancy,imagine,suppo,think后宾语从句如为否定式,普通将否定词转移到
主句谓语上。
十五、复合句——副词性(状语)从句
副词在句中起状语作用,故如果起状语作用某些为一种句子,那么该句便是副词性从句,也称状语从句。
状语从句可细分为:时间、地点、条件、因素、让步、目、成果、比较、方式等。
状语从句测试重点为:考查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系把握,看其与否能选取对的从属连词。
1.条件状语从句常考知识点
(1)if与unless用法。
if和unless都是引导条件状语从句连词,考生应特别注意unless用法,由于它表达反面条件,相称于ifnot“如
果不”、“除非”。如:
Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhatheprents
asproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.
(2)复合连词aslongas,solongas,asfaras,onconditionthat,intheeventthat;动词及分词provided(that),
providing(that),giventhat,suppo/supposing(that),assuming,say等引导条件状语从句。如:
YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.
Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.
Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)
Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)
Suppoitrained,wewouldstillgo.(如果……)
Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(如果……)
(3)祈使句表达条件。如:Dresswarmly,orelyou’llcatchcold.
Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohit
drugrearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.
2.让步状语从句常考知识点
(1)as引导让步从句,规定用倒装构造,把强调某些置于句首。如:
Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.
Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.
(2)while引导让步从句。如:
Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestand
somewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.
(3)复合连接词forallthat和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如:
Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.
Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeenassubstitutesforfundamental
thinkingandreasoningskills.
3.时间状语从句常考知识点
(1)before表达汉语“只有/必要……才干”。如:
Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.
(2)when引导时间从句时,如果出目先后半句,则表达“这/那时突然”。如:
IhavejuststartedbackforthehoutochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices.
(3)whenitcomesto是习惯用法,意为“当谈到……时”。如:
Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisispeciallytruewhenitcomesto
classroomtests.
(4)名词短语、介词短语each/everytime,themoment/cond/minute,inthetime,bythetime起连词作用。
如:
Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.
MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetasked
sympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”
Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSun
inthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone.
(5)副词directly,immediately,instantly,now引导时间从句,相称于assoonas。如:
Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.
4.因素状语从句常考知识点
(1)inthat引导因素从句时,有时翻译成“是由于”、“就在于”。如:
Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertirpaysforthemessagetobe
delivered.
Criticismandlf-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.
(2)nowthat表达“既然”;eingthat,considering表达“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如:
Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.
Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.
Seeingthatsheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkyoucanstopher.
其她引导因素状语从句连接词语尚有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inas
muchas,insofaras等。
,whereas引导对比从句
如:WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdecade,violentcrimescommitted
byjuvenileshavesharplyincread.
Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.
…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引导成果状语从句
如:Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithas
acquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.
Hehimlfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit.
rthat,inca,forfearthat,lest(用虚拟语调)引导目状语从句
如:Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaIneedyourhelp.
HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted.
作为连接副词一种用法,翻译为“在……地方”
如:InJapan,aperson’hereiswillingnessand
intelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed.
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