名词(可数不可数,所有格)
主谓⼀致:
⼀般来说,不可数名词⽤动词单数,可数名词复数⽤动词复数,但当不可数名词前有表⽰数量的复数名词时,谓语动词⽤复数形式。
主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语必须采取复数形式.
不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词⽤单数.
不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词⽤单数.neither,either,everyone,anyone,someone
表⽰国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词⽤单数.
ariesof,akindof,thenumberof等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数,谓语动词⽤单数.(什么的什么)
有些短语,如:alotof,mostof,anyof,halfof,threefifthsof,eightypercentof,someof,noneof,therestof,allof等后接不可数名词,或是单数形
式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词⽤单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词⽤复数.(量词)
表⽰时间,⾦钱,距离,体积,重量,⾯积,数字等词语作主语时,其意义若是指总量应看作单数,谓语动词⽤单数;但如果其意义是
指"有多少数量"则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该⽤复数.
这⼀原则是指,谓语动词的⼈称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持⼀致.常出现在这类句⼦中的连词有:or,either…or…,neither…nor
…,notonly…butalso…therebe等.例如:
主语由“morethanone/a(an)”修饰时,谓语⽤单数;但如果是“more+名词的复数+thanone”这⼀结构时,后⾯的谓语动词要⽤复数。
and的时候同⼀个概念⽤单数,不同概念⽤复数
Butterandbread—is—theirdailyfood,butthebreadandthebutter_and__upnow.
1.⼀般的名词词尾直接加-s。如:
book→booksroom→roomspear→pears
hou→housday→dayssong→songs
2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。如:
bus→busbox→boxes
watch→watchesdish→dishes
3.以"辅⾳字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city→citiesbody→bodiesstory→stories
factory→factories
4.以o结尾的名词,通常有⽣命的加es⽆⽣命的加s。如:
⽆⽣命:piano→pianosradio→radios
有⽣命:potato→potatoes
5.以f或fe结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half→halvesleaf→leaves
knife→kniveswife→wives
6)不规则名词:foot→feet,goo→gee,tooth→teeth,child→children,man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,
mou→mice.
7、对可数名词前的修饰语提问⽤howmany;对不可数名词前的修饰语提问⽤howmuch。如:
Howmanyapplesarethereinthebox?
翻译:盒⼦⾥有多少个苹果?
Howmuchteaisthereinthecup?
翻译:杯⾥有多少茶⽔?
8,不可数也可以加the表⽰特指,可数名词也可以加the
最常见的不可数名词有:baggage,change(零钱),furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic
,beef,mutton,broccoli,orange(橘⼦,橘⼦汁,橙⾊)
其它不可数名词还有:abnce,age,anger,bread,courage,energy,equipment,experience,failure,fear,food,fun,health,ice,industry,
kindness,labour,luck,marriage,music,nature,paper,peace,pleasure,power,pride,rain,rearch,respect,safety,salt,sand,silence,
sleep,strength,snow,technology,time,trade,transport,travel,trust,truth,waste,water,wealth,weather,wind,work(⼯作)
英⽂裡,不可数名词通常是属於以下这⼏种类型:
1.材质:
wood,metal,glass,paper,cloth,cotton,silk,plastic,concrete,rubber,clay
2.⽓体与液体:
air,gas,steam,smoke,pollution,oxygen;water,blood,sweat,shampoo,paint
3.⾷物、饮料、农作物、固体与半固体⽇⽤品:
food,meat,beef,pork,bread,pasta,chee,ketchup,mayonnai,chocolate,oil,soy
sauce;milk,juice,coffee,tea,water,wine,beer;wheat,rice,corn/maize,grass,sugarcane;glue,soap,toothpaste,shoepolish
4.由微粒/细条组成,或成⽚的物质:
dirt,sand,powder,flour,sugar,salt,pepper,cinnamon;hair,fur,skin
5.⾃然现象:
weather,wind,rain,snow,ice,fog,dew,humidity,thunder,lightning,electricity,sunshine,heat,cold,gravity,time
6.组合与总称(集合名词):
furniture,bedding,clothing,underwear,fruit,machinery,housing,traffic,jewelry,medicine,makeup,money,cattle,poultry,equipment,
software,baggage,luggage,mail,rearch,homework,grammar,vocabulary,alphabet,information,slang,gossip,feedback,staff,faculty,
audience,stuff,junk,garbage
7.活动、动名词、疾病:
basketball,tennis,chess,work,sleep,music,leisure;running,swimming,cleaning;cancer,pneumonia,polio
8.抽象概念与学科:
truth,happiness,honesty,beauty,death,fun,help,intelligence,knowledge,progress,information,advice;science,history,literature,law,
art,religion
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