英语阅读理解

英语阅读理解专项训练试题及答案

一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练

1．阅读理解

Peoplewhosleepfewerthansixhoursanightaremorelikelytodieearly,rearchersin

scoveredthatpeoplewhosleptfor

lessthansixhourachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthowho

slepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight.

Therearcherspointedoutthatpreviousstudieshadshownthatthelackofsleepwas

r,therearchers

hosleptformorethan

ninehoursanightwere30%morelikelytodieearly,asanarticleinthelatestSleepsuggested.

Thatdirectlycontradictsanotherpassageinthesamejournallastmonthsuggestingthatpeople

sthoughttobe

becaupeoplewholivedintoextremeoldagewerehealthierandthereforesleptbetter.

However,theauthorsofthelatestrearchcontradictedthisandsuggestedthatlongsleepwas

asignofunsor

FrancescoCappuccioattheUniversityofWarwicksaid:"Whileshortsleepmayreprentacau

ofill-health,longsleepisbelievedtoreprentmoreanindicatorofill-health."

Healsomentioned:"Modernsocietyhasenagradualreductionintheaverageamountof

sleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatit

therhand,theworningofour

healthisoftenaccompaniedbyanextensionofoursleepingtime."

"r,whether

toachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresof

publichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments,"ProfessorFrancesco

Cappuccioadded.

（1）WhatdidrearchersinUniversityofWarwickfind?

whosleepfewerthan6hourachnightdiebefore65.

ngformorethan9hoursanightdoesgoodtoone'shealth.

ighthours'sleepcanbeappropriateforpeople.

atanoldagearehealthierbecautheysleeplonger.

（2）WhatisProfessorFrancescoCappucciomostlikelytoagreewith?

eepiswhatcausourhealthproblems.

peoplesleeplessbecautheyworklonger.

lthbecomesworbecauwesleepless.

gwesleepdependsonoureducation.

（3）Whatdidtherearcherthinkmayhelppeoplehavepropersleep?

workinghours.

sofworkingenvironments.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

SleepMakesBetterHealth

ortanceofSleep

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人死亡风险更

大。每晚睡6至8小时最合适。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansix

hourachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthowhosleptthe

recommendedsixtoeighthoursanight."可知，研究者们发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在

65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。由此可知，每晚睡足6

至8小时是比较合适的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Modernsocietyhasenagradualreductionin

theaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-time

workers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours"可知，

ProfessorFrancescoCappuccio认为：现代社会中，人们的平均睡眠时间逐渐减少，这种模

式在全职工作者中更为常见，这可能是由于长时间工作的社会压力造成的。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernight

r,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuch

astheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesofthe

workingenvironments"可知，能否实现每晚睡足6至8小时这个目标取决于环境的改变以及

针对工作环境变化的公共卫生措施等多种因素。由此可知，工作环境的改变是帮助人们获

得适当睡眠的方法之一。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段点明研究结果：每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的

可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。下文针对这一研究结果，分析了导致这

种结果的原因，解决方法等。故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此为中心展开。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅

读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正

确答案。

2．阅读理解

WhenShakespearewastwenty-one,hewenttoLondon,averyinterestingplace,totryhis

fortune.

'sCathedral,andpalacesandmarketsand

longstreetsfullofshops.

Then,too,therewerethedailycrowdswherecouldbeenpeoplefromallovertheworld.

Knights,scholarsandthehighwayman(拦路强盗）orthieves,whohadbeeninfamousfortheir

cleverrobberies,pasdbyeachother.

Here,also,werenoblemendresdingold,fromItalyandSpainandFrance;slavesfrom

SpanishAmerica,acaptainsandministers,soldiersandrvants—allheldbychancesor

interestswithinthegraywallswhichcircledLondon,andwhogatesgavewelcometoasstrange

acrowdascouldbefoundintheworld.

IntothiscuriouscrowdcameShakespeare,orelongall

thestrangesightswereasfamiliartohimasthefacesofhisowntown'e

tolditsstorytohimsoplainlythat,asbeforehehadlearnedthecretsofthefieldsandwoods,

sonowhelearnedmenandmen'sintereststhatmakeupthegreatworld.

Andhelearnedthelessonssowellthatwhenhecametowritehisplays,hemadesuchu

ofthemasnowriterevermadebeforeorsince;foritistheuofthisknowledgeoftheworld,

combinedwithhisowngenius,thatmakesShakespearethegreatestdramatistthathaverlived.

（1）WhatwasLondonlikeinShakespeare'yeswhenhefirstwentthere?

eandinteresting.

arandmodern.

（2）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShakespeare?

pearegotinspirationtowritefromhishometown,London.

pearewaagertomakefriendswiththenoblemeninLondon.

pearewasgoodatobrvingandlearningfromthedailylife.

pearebecamethegreatestdramatistowingtohisowngenius.

（3）Whatdoestheword"one"inparagraph5referto?

.

（4）Thepassageprobablycomesfrom______.

uncement

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇名人轶事，介绍了文学大师莎士比亚年轻时去到伦敦第一天

时遇到的有趣的事情。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“averyinterestingplace”和第五段中的“allthe

strangesights”可知，在Shakespeare的眼中，伦敦是一个有趣而陌生的城市。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，Shakespeare来到伦敦不久之后，通过观察和学习

了解了伦敦，并适应了那里的生活，由此可推断出，Shakespeare擅长观察日常生活并从中

学习。故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。根据第五段中的“asbeforehehadlearnedthecretsofthefieldsand

woods”正如他以前所学到的田野和树林的秘密那样，可知，one指的是"像田野和树林一样

的景象"。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。本文主要讲述了莎士比亚到伦敦的经历，所以这篇文章最有可能出

现在一本教材中。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅

读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出

正确答案。

3．阅读理解

JaneAustenislovedmainlyasacharmingguidetofashionablelifeintheRegencyperiod(英国

摄政时期).Sheisadmiredfordescribingaworldofeleganthous,dances,rvantsand

fashionableyoungmendrivingbarouches(四轮四座大马车).Butherownvisionofhertaskwas

highlyconsciousof

humanfailingsandshehadadeepdesiretomakepeoplenicer:lesslfish,morereasonableand

morensitivetotheneedsofothers.

InPrideandPrejudice,ndElizabethBonnetstartoffheartilydislikingeachotherand

then,

handsome,richandwellconnected;sheispretty,actuallyaretheyright

foroneanother?

'sforareasonwetendnottothinkofverymuchtoday:Itisbecau

rrivesintheneighborhood,hefeels

"superior"toeveryoneel,moment,

Elizabethcondemnshisarrogance(自大)dsoffensiveintheextreme,

butlaterheadmitsthatthiswasjustwhatheneeded.

Mostly,wetendtothinkofloveaslikingsomeoneforwhotheyalreadyare,andoftotal

personwhoisrightforus,Austenissaying,isnotsimplysomeonewho

makesusfeelrelaxedorcomfortable;theygottobeabletohelpusovercomeourfailingsand

becomemoremature,morehonestandkinder—andweneedtodosomethingsimilarforthem.

（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJaneAustenfromparagraph1?

teaboutthelifeoftherich.

nicertolesslfishpeople.

（2）romthetext?

ikesElizabethfromthebeginningtotheend.

ndsome,richandrathermodest.

ndtoeveryoneintheneighborhood.

sElizabethtopointouthisshortcomings.

（3）WhichpersonisrightforyouaccordingtoJaneAusten?

nthatyoulikeforwhoheorsheis.

nwithwhomyoufeelreallyrelaxed.

nmakingyoubecomeabettermanorwoman.

nwhodoessomethingsimilartoyou.

（4）WhatmessagedoesthebookPrideandPrejudiceconvey?

eyourlfwithyourlover'shelp.

thepeopleyoulovetotally.

chmoneytomakepeopleloveyou.

urtruelovewithprideandprejudice.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了简·奥斯丁的著作《傲慢与偏见》中传达了在

爱人的帮助下提高自己的思想。简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合

你。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Sheisadmiredfordescribingaworldofeleganthous,

dances,rvantsandfashionableyoungmendrivingbarouches.“她因描述了一个充满优雅的房

子、舞蹈、仆人和时髦的年轻人驾着四轮马车的世界而受到赞赏。可知她写了关于富人的

生活。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”Atakeymoment,Elizabethcondemnshis

dsoffensiveintheextreme,butlaterheadmitsthatthis

wasjustwhatheneeded.“在关键时刻，伊丽莎白当面谴责了他的傲慢和骄傲。这听起来很

无礼，但后来他承认这正是他所需要的。可知达西先生需要伊丽莎白指出他的缺点。故选

D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Butthepersonwhoisrightforus,Austenissaying,

isnotsimplysomeonewhomakesusfeelrelaxedorcomfortable;theygottobeabletohelpus

overcomeourfailingsandbecomemoremature,morehonestandkinder—andweneedtodo

somethingsimilarforthem.“但奥斯汀说，适合我们的人，不仅仅是让我们感到放松或舒适

的人;他们必须能够帮助我们克服失败，变得更成熟、更诚实、更善良——我们需要为他们

做一些类似的事情。可知简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。故

选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”It'sforareasonwetendnottothinkofverymuch

today:Itisbecaueachcaneducateandimprovetheother.“这是一个我们今天很少想到的原

因:因为每个人都可以教育且帮助对方提高。可知《傲慢与偏见》这本书传达了在爱人的帮

助下提高自己的信息。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Africa'sMostAmazingPlacestoVisit

PyramidsofGiza,Egypt

ThemostfamousofthestructuresatGiza,nearCairo,thePyramidofKingKhufuwasbuilt

esfacenorth,south,eastandwest.

SaharaDunes,Morocco

Themostur-

cancampoutinTazzarine,whererunnersfromallovertheworldcompletetheweeklong

toftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,

totallyfreeoflightpollution.

LakeRetba(LacRo),Senegal

Therearefewpinklakesintheworldandoneofthem,LakeRetba,alsocalledLacRoby

ttimestoethelakeatitspinkestisduring

Senegal'sdryason,betweenNovemberandJune.

NyikaPlateauNationalPark,Malawi

WithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsoffthe

easternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemost

greatdomesofhillshavegentleslopes,makingNyikaperfectforbothhikingandmountainbiking

aswellasJeepexploration.

（1）Whichcountrywillyougoifyouwanttowatchstars?

l.

（2）Whenisthebesttimetoethepinkestlake?

y.

（3）WhatmakesNyikaoneofthemostbeautifulparksinAfrica?

.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个非洲最神奇的地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationfor

gazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution.“默佐加沙丘的脚下是观星的最佳地点，完全没有

光污染。可知如果你想看星星，你可以去摩洛哥。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Thebesttimestoethelakeatitspinkestisduring

Senegal'sdryason,betweenNovemberandJune.“在塞内加尔的旱季，11月至6月是观赏

湖面最粉的最佳时间。分析选项可知看粉红色湖泊的最佳时间是一月份。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Withaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreach

LakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargest

nationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica.“这里的高原被众多河流切断，这

些河流通过山脉东部边缘的瀑布到达马拉维湖，造就了尼卡是马拉维最大的国家公园，它

是非洲最美丽的国家公园之一。可知是水域使尼卡成为非洲最美丽的公园之一。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节

信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

WhizzfizzingFestival

Oneofthe"HomeCounties"tothenorthandwestofLondon,Buckinghamshireisknownfor

therollingChilternHills,itsprettyvillages,andthemuch-lovedchildren'sauthorRoaldDahl.

ThewriterwhopennedCharlieandtheChocolateFactory,TheWitches,MatildaandTheBig

FriendlyGiantisthei9nspirationfortheWhizzfizzingFestival–whichwilltransformthemarket-

townofAylesburyintoallkindsofmusic,colourandfunonSaturday,1July.

FormerlyknownasTheRoaldDahlFestival,thisyear'ventwillcelebrateabroadrangeof

children'sfilmsandbringtolifesomeofitsbest-lovedcharacters–fromAliceinWonderlandand

theGruffalatoTheBigFriendlyGiantandHarryPotter.

Thingstoeanddo

olourfulchildren'an650local

schoolchildrenandteachers,manyinfancydress,willmarchthroughthetowncarryinggiant

carnivalpuppets(木偶),withthousandsofaudiencesliningthestreetstowatch.

Theparadewillbefollowedwitharangeofchild-friendlyactivitiesandworkshopsheldin

venuesacrossthetown.

Don'tbelatefortheMadHattersTeaPartyintheBucksCountyMuum,catchasplendid

screeningofaRoaldDahlmovieintheOldCourtHou,andwatchleadingchildren'sauthors,

includingJulianClary,givereadingsintheMarketSquare.

CBeebies'children'schefKatyAshworthwillonceagainbecookingupastormwithherinter-

active

ConcoctionKitchen,chefswillhavelotsof

opportunitiestogetinvolvedwithpreparing,cooking–andbestofall,tasting–Katy'sfabulous

recipes.

Withhands-onartsandcraftsworkshops,storytellingssions,livemusic,afancydress

competition,streettheatreandmore,thereissomethingforeveryone.

Formoreinformation,visit:/cylesbury-whizzfizzing-

festival-inspired-roald-dahl

（1）WhoisWhizzfizzingFestivalintendedfor?

en'sauthors.

（2）WhichfilmwasmadefromRoaldDahl'swork?

FriendlyGiant.

（3）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhizzfizzingFestival?

ry.

（4）Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

howreview.

cialreport.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了WhizzfizzingFestival节日的一些有关情况和

主要活动。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Thingstoeanddo部分中的“Theparadewillbefollowedwitha

rangeofchild-friendlyactivitiesandworkshopsheldinvenuesacrossthetown.”可推知

WhizzfizzingFestival是面向孩子们的，选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ThewriterwhopennedCharlieandtheChocolate

Factory,TheWitches,MatildaandTheBigFriendlyGiantisthei9nspirationfortheWhizzfizzing

Festival”可推知TheBigFriendlyGiant.是来自RoaldDahl的作品，选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Withhands-onartsandcraftsworkshops,

storytellingssions,livemusic,afancydresscompetition,streettheatreandmore,thereis

somethingforeveryone.”可知在这个节日中，有各种各样精彩纷呈的活动，每个人都可以找

到自己喜欢的东西，所以这个节日是多方面的，选A。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了WhizzfizzingFestival节日的一些有关情况

和主要活动。是一则布告，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Whenyouliveintotalmessiness—cookiesinyourpantsdraws,andsomeoldNewYorkersor

appleedsinyourbed—it'er

day,aftertwoweeksofarching,'tsayIwassurprid.

ButIwassurpridwhenIwasdiagnodwithADHD(多动症),whenIwasajunioratYale.

Accordingtoanewstudy,11%ofschool-agechildrenhavereceivedanADHDdiagnosis,a16%

ingdiagnosmeanrisingtreatments—drugslikeAdderallaremore

r,theconquencesofmisuandabuofthedrugsare

dangerous.

YetalsoharmfularetheconquencesofADHDundiagnod,anall-too-commonstoryfor

womenlikeme,whohavesymptoms,likedisorganizationandforgetfulness,whichlookdifferent

fromthotypicallyexpresdinmales.

,authorofUnderstandingGirlswithADHD,hasfoundaround4millionfemaleswith

ADHDarenotdiagnod."Themainreasonisthatthediagnosticcriteriaweredevelopedbad

onthohyperactive（过度活跃）youngboystakentoclinics,makingitdifficultforgirlstobe

diagnodunlesstheybehavelikehyperactiveboys."Ellensays.

Besides,

student,Ididn'ndswerealsoconfud,andrathercertain

mydoctorwasmisguided.

"Often,ifgirlsaresmartorinsupportivehomes,symptomsaremasked,"ays."Girls

etheirtroubleorganizing,and

concentratingascharacterflaws(缺陷)."

Theyears,Iambothembarrasdandexhaustedbymystrugglestokeeptrackofobjects,

butdrughashelpeditandmadeitmorebearable.

（1）Thewriterprentsthefirstparagraphto.

pthetopicofthepassage

ungpeople'alealsohasADHDstudents

（2）ManyfemalewithADHDarenotdiagnodmainlybecau.

gnosticcriteriaaremadeaccordingtomaleADHD

esmartenoughtomasktheirADHDsymptoms

n'tviewtheirtroubleassymptomsofADHD

DHDaremorehyperactivethanyoungboys

（3）Whatdoestheword"skepticism"inParagraph5probablymean?

.

rnness.

.

.

（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

aleADHDpatientsdevelopthedia.

yfemaleADHDpatientsareundiagnod.

ngADHDpatientsarecuredofthedia.

hhelpADHDpatientscangetfrommedication.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的亲身经历讲述女性多动症不容易被诊断出来的原因。

（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段的结构和ButIwassurpridwhenIwasdiagnodwith

ADHD（多动症）,whenIwasajunioratYale.以及下文关于多动症的内容可知，作者讲述第

一段的目的是为了引出下文关于多动症的话题，故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的Themainreasonisthatthediagnosticcriteriawere

developedbadonthohyperactive（过度活跃）youngboystakentoclinics,makingit

difficultforgirlstobediagnodunlesstheybehavelikehyperactiveboys.可知诊断多动症的标

准是基于过度活跃的年轻男孩来制定的，所以很难诊断出女孩，除非她们的行为像过度活

跃的男孩，故选A项。

（3）词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的Asatopstudent,Ididn'tbelievemydiagnosisat

ndswerealsoconfud,andrathercertainmydoctorwasmisguided.可知作者一开

始不相信多动症的诊断结果，她的朋友也很困惑，认为是医生诊断错误，即她们都怀疑医

生的诊断，故推测画线部分的意思是"怀疑"，故选D项。

（4）主旨大意题。文章第三段主要讲述女性多动症的症状和男性不同；第四段主要讲述

女孩很难被诊断出多动症，因为诊断标准是按男性制定的；第五段主要讲述女性自己会怀

疑诊断结果；第六段主要讲述女性会把多动症症状隐藏起来。综上所述，本文主要讲述女

性不容易被诊断出多动症的原因，故选B项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题，

细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词

义猜测题要结合划线词所在语境，推测词义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找

出中心思想

7．阅读理解

It'rtrieverydaytogetmore

thanafewminutesofsleepinthemorninginthecitywilltellyouthathecoulddonothingabout

it!Noonecandenyhonkingofhornsisjustoneofhismostwidelyenjoyedpastimes.

ButAndy,,the27-year-oldman

approachedtheopenwindowtowaitforthedrivertofinishhonking,deliveredapolite"excu

me"andthenyelled"Ho-o-o-o-onk!",threwthree

eggsfromthewindowofhisapartmentontoapassingcarhonkingloudlybelowwhenhis

dofapologizingtohim,,

nobly,tedwritinganti-honkinghaikuvers,aformof

Japanepoetry,andsubmittedthemtolocalnewspapers:

Enron;

Theproblemaroundhereis;Allthedamnhonking(Enron:amajorAmericancompanythat

recentlycaudascandalbecauofcorrupt(腐败)mismanagement)

"Thenthiskindofchainreactionstartedhappening,"Andysays."Alltheotherhaikustarted

appearingunexpectedly"Andy'scommunityisnowcoveredinanti-honkingpoetry,writtenby

allwalksoflife.

Patienceslowlyfades;

Residentsstoreuptheireggs;Thatdayiscomingsoon.

It'sunderstandablethatAndyhastupawebsite——andnowpeoplefrom

sthatpoetrycan

,justrecently,anti-anti-honkinghaikustartedtoappear,

launchedbylocalswhothoughtAndyshouldstopworryingabouthonkingandstartworrying

aboutstarvingchildren,sananswerforthat."Stopme

ifthisistooridiculous,"hesays,"buttheytalkabouttheviolenceintheMiddleEastlikeit'sa

forceofnature,likeit'uallyit'skindoflikethehonking-theviolence

nfigureouthowtostophonkingonthestreets,Ithinkwecouldlearn

somethingsthatwecoulduonalargescale."

（1）WhatdoesthefirstparagraphintendtotellusaboutNewYorkers?

joylisteningtothehonkingofhorns.

ifehasbeenaffectedbythehonkingnoi.

taccustomedtosleepinglateinthemorning.

veformedahabitofhonkingwhiledriving.

（2）WhatisAndy'sfinalreactiontothefrequenthonkingofhorns?

edatthedriver.

inedtothegovernment.

（3）Accordingtothepassage,mostNewYorkersthinkAndy'sresponis______.

al

（4）Facingthecriticismofhisanti-honkingcampaign,Andynotesthat______.

andledwell,honkingwillcauriousproblemslikestarvation

violenceintheMiddleEastismoreofanissueworthyofconcern

ceintheworldaswellashonkingonthestreetisunderourcontrol

gthesolutiontoanti-honkingisasmeaningfulasthattostarvation

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了纽约的汽车喇叭声严重影响了人们的生活，

一个日本人对此做出了很大的挣扎，从激烈对抗到写打油诗的非暴力反抗，以及纽约当地

人对此的反映。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It'snosurpritohearthehonkingofhornsinNew

rtrieverydaytogetmorethanafewminutesofsleepinthemorninginthecity

willtellyouthathecoulddonothingaboutit!”可知在纽约听到巨大的汽车喇叭声不足为奇，

因为这些声音人们想多睡几分钟是不可能的，即汽车喇叭声影响了纽约人的日常生活。故

选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“So,nobly,Andyturnedtonon-violence.”可知Andy最

后采取了非暴力行为来反抗喇叭噪音。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It'sunderstandablethatAndyhastupawebsite

——andnowpeoplefromacrossthecountryndhimnewsoftheirownanti

-honkingactivities.”可知Andy建立网站后全国各地的人都给他寄来反喇叭噪音行为的消

息，故推测人们对Andy的行为是接受并且支持的。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ifwecanfigureouthowtostophonkingonthe

streets,Ithinkwecouldlearnsomethingsthatwecoulduonalargescale.”可知Andy认为如

果解决了喇叭噪音问题，就能把从中学到的东西应用到更大规格的事情上，故推测他认为

解决喇叭噪音和解决饥荒一样重要。选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答

案。

8．阅读理解

BritishMuumVisitorRegulations

Openinghours

WeopentheMuum'sgalleriesdailyfrom10：00amuntil17：lected

galleriesopenuntil20：30pmonFridays.

TheMuum'sGreatCourtisopenfrom9:00amuntil18:00pm;exceptonFridayswhenit

remainsopenuntil20:30pm.

Youmaybeaskedbyyourstafftobeginleavinguptotenminutesbeforeclosingtime.

TheMuumisclod24-26Decemberand1January.

Admission

nterestsofthecurityofallof

ourvisitorswerequireyoufollowtheregulations.

AdmissiontotheMuumisfree,butwemaychargeforentrytosometemporaryexhibitions

andevents.

Foodanddrink

Youaren'tallowedtoconsumefoodanddrinkinsidetheMuum,exceptinplacessuchasthe

eswithchildrenmayutheFordCentreforyoung

visitorsinthebamentoftheMuum'sGreatCourtatweekendsandduringschoolholidays.

Animals

Ifyouhaveadisability,youmaybeaccompaniedintheMuumbyyourguide,assistantor

n'tallowedtobringanimalsintotheMuumunderanyother

circumstance.

Film,photographyandaudiorecording

Excepttheplacethatareindicatedbynotices,you'repermittedtouhand-heldcameras

(includingmobilephones)withflashbulbsorflashunits,andaudioandfilmrecordingequipment

uyourphotographs,filmandaudiorecordingsonlyforyour

ownprivateandnon-commercialpurpos.

（1）WhencanvisitorsvisittheMuum?

18:14:00amonChristmasDay.

19:11:00amonNewYear'sDay.

（2）Whoaretheregulationsmainlyintendedfor?

ldren.

（3）WhatcanvisitorsdointheMuum?

ongtheirpetdogs.

otosforpersonalpurpo.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了大英博物馆的游客守则。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Openinghours部分中的“TheMuum'sGreatCourtisopenfrom

9:00amuntil18:00pm;exceptonFridayswhenitremainsopenuntil20:30pm.”及“The

Muumisclod24-26Decemberand1January.”可知，大英博物馆从上午9点开放到下午

18点，周五开放到晚上20:30，12月24日至26日圣诞节期间和1月1日新年是闭馆的，

由此可知，你可以在星期五晚上19:00去参观，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。纵观全文，以及标题“BritishMuumVisitorRegulations”可知，本文

介绍的是大英博物馆的游客守则，自然是针对游客的，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Film,photographyandaudiorecording部分中的“Youmayu

yourphotographs,filmandaudiorecordingsonlyforyourownprivateandnon-commercial

purpos.”可知，大英博物馆里允许游客出于个人目的或非商业目的拍照，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAge

peopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.

Theevidencesuggeststhatmegaliths,prehistoriclargestonestructures,sometimesactedas

estfindings

thrownewlightontheoriginsandsocialstructureofthegroupsthatbuiltmegalithsinthis

region—ahistorythathaslongbeenhiddeninmystery.

Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofrearchersanalyzedthegenomes—thecompletet

ofgeneticmaterialinacell—of24StoneAgeindividualsfromfivemegalithicburialsitesin

Ireland,ScotlandandGotland,alargeSwedishislandintheBalticSea.

Thisanalysisshowedthatmanyoftheindividualsburiedateachmegalith,whoalllived

between3,2,600B.C.,accordingtoradiocarbon-datingoftheirremains,were

clolyrelatedviafamilyties.

TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithic

farmersinnorthernandwesternEuropebutgeneticallydistinctfromotherhunter-gatherers.

ThiswasparticularlynoticeableattheAnsarvesiteontheislandofGotland.

"ThepeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombareremarkablydifferentonageneticlevelcompared

totheindividualsdugoutfromhunter-gathercontexts,showingthattheburialtraditioninthis

megalithictomb,whichlastedforover700years,wasperformedbydistinctgroupswithrootsin

theEuropeanNeolithicexpansion,"MagdalenaFrar,co-firstauthorfromUppsalaUniversity,

saidinthestatement.

（1）What'sthesignificanceofthenewfindings?

alsthefamilytiesbetweenpeopleinIrelandandSweden.

iesthatmanypeopleburiedinthetombswereclolyrelated.

catesthelong-hiddenmysteryconcerningDNAanalysis.

eststhatthemegalithsbecametombsthousandsofyearsago.

（2）Howdidtherearchersreachtheirfindings?

rviewingindividuals.

ellingtodifferentregions.

yzinggenes.

yingtheburialsites.

（3）Whichistrueaccordingtothelatestfindings?

opleburiedinthetombswererelatedtofarmers.

pleburiedinthetombsweregeneticallydifferent.

peopleburiedatmegalithshadfamilyrelationships.

buriedintheAnsarvetombweredugout700yearslater.

（4）What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

thsrvedastombsthousandsofyearsago.

buriedatthemegalithswererecentlyanalyzed.

findingsshedlightonamysteryaboutburials.

-AgepeopleinIrelandandSwedenhadcloties.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新一项发现显示石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人可

能存在亲属关系。研究人员通过分析来自爱尔兰、苏格兰和位于波罗的海的瑞典格特兰岛

的5个巨石墓葬遗址的24个石器时代个体的基因组。发现，每座巨石下埋葬着许多人，他

们都生活在公元前3800年至公元前2600年之间根据他们遗体的放射性碳年代测定，他们

的血缘关系非常密切。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationships

betweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIreland

andSweden.”可知DNA分析揭示了爱尔兰和瑞典巨石墓群10多代人之间存在家庭关系。这

项新发现意味着埋葬在坟墓里的许多人是近亲。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofrearchers

analyzedthegenomes”可知研究人员是通过分析基因组得出这项发现的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Theresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedat

themegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEurope”可知埋葬在巨

石阵中的人与北欧和西欧的新石器时代农民有关，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationships

betweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIreland

andSweden.”以及文章主要内容可知文章中心内容主要围绕着石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人

有密切联系展开。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Recently,astheBritishdoctorRobertWinstontookatrainfromLondontoManchester,he

hadpickedupherphoneandbegunaloud

conversation,s,Winstonbegantotweetaboutthe

herpictureandntittohismorethan40,000followers.

Whenthetrainarrivedatitsdestination,'dhadenoughofthe

woman'nthey

showedherWinston'smessages,sheudjustonewordtodescribeWinston'sactions:rude.

Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(缩影)ofourageofincreasingrudeness,fueledby

nwedotofixthis?

Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly,

witnessingrudenessmakesitfarmorelikelythatwe,inturn,yway

say,"Juststop."ForWinston,thatwouldhave

meantapproachingthewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingother

pasngersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietlyormakethecallatanothertime.

Therageandinjusticewefeelattherudebehaviorofastrangercandriveustodooddthings.

Inmyownrearch,surveying2,000adults,Idiscoveredthattheactsofrevengepeoplehad

ndidshineaspotlightonthewoman's

behavior—butfromafar,inawaythatshamedher.

eitoccurinastore,wemuststepup

ppenstoacolleague,defendstrangers

inthesamewaywe'andoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithout

eoncerudepeoplecanetheir

actionsthroughtheeyesofothers,

tideofrudenessris,civilizationneedscivility.

（1）WhatcanyoulearnaboutRobertWinstonfromthepassage?

showtospeaktorudepeople.

vedimproperlyandspokeloudlyonthetrain.

histemperduetootherpeople'srudeness.

tedtoawoman'srudebehaviorwrongly.

（2）Whatdoes"fueledbysocialmedia"meaninParagraph3?

havioriscommononsocialmedia.

sscanbeavoidedthroughsocialmedia.

caneasilygetawaythroughsocialmedia.

mediamayspreadandcaurudeness.

（3）Accordingtothewriter,howshouldyourespondwhenyoumeetrudepeople?

themandpostitontheInternet.

toutinapoliteandskillfulway.

ingbutwaitforotherpeopletofixit.

mbackbydoingequallydisturbingthings.

（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthelastparagraph?

nlypointoutrudenessfromfamiliarpeople.

ssandmannerscanhardlycoexistincivilizedsociety.

rangersandacquaintancesderveourfriendlywarning.

oplecan'tetheirrudenessthroughothers'eyes.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光

在媒体上的不当行为，提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Winstondidshineaspotlightonthewoman'sbehavior

—butfromafar,inawaythatshamedher.”温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为——

但从长远看，这是方式一种让她蒙羞。可推出，作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。故选D。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(缩影)of

ourageofincreasingrudeness”可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁；再根据第四段中的

“Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly,almostlikethecommoncold.”研究表明，

粗鲁行为传播迅速，就像普通感冒一样。可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。因此此处fuel

意为“加速”之意，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithouta

traceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourlves.”但我们可以优雅地做到这一点，处理它

时不带一丝侵略性，自己也不粗鲁。可知，作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗

鲁的行为和人。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'd

defendourbestfriends.”我们必须保护陌生人，就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟

类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而

选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

ofyouwhodon'tknow,

anidiomisaphrawhichhasameaning,butthemeaningisnotclearfromthewords

ranslateanidiomwordforword,e

likepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscangetconfudwhensomeoneusaphrathatthey've

neverheardof.

Withthatinmind,herearefivecommonEnglishidiomsthatyoucanuinavarietyofSituations.

⒈Getyouracttogether(Meaning:youneedtoimproveyourbehaviour/work)

Thismightbesomethingyourteachersaystoyouifyouscorebadlyinanexamorifyou

mple,ifyourfriend

isbeingmeanornastyfornoreason,thenyoucantellthemthattheyneedtogettheiract

together.

⒉Pullyourlftogether(Meaning:calmdown)

Thisisasomewhatimpolitewayoftellingsomeonethattheyareoverreactingandthatthey

ethisifyouthinkthepersonyouarespeakingtoisgettinguptover

friendtellsyouthattheirclorelativehasdied,itisNOTthetime

totellthemtopullthemlvestogether.

⒊I'mfeelingundertheweather(Meaning:I'msick)

Yes,it'slongerandmoredifficulttosaythan'I'msick',butifyourEnglishteacherasksyouwhy

youhaven'tdoneyourhomework,heorsheismorelikelytoforgiveyouifyousaythatyouwere

nothavedoneyourEnglishhomework,butyourteacher

mightbeimpresdthatyouknowhowtomakeeloquentexcusinaforeignlanguage.

⒋It'sapieceofcake(Meaning:it'asy)

Idon'tknowwhythismeanswhatitdoes,butsometimesyoujusthavetoacceptthatEnglish

peopleuweirdphras.

⒌Breakaleg(Meaning:goodluck!)

onesaysthis

toyou,donottakeoffenceorthinktheyarethreateningyou;

mostoftenudforpeoplewishingsuccesstoactorsandactressbeforetheyperformonthe

stage,butitcanbesaidinothersituations,too.

Allinall,'sdefinitelynotapieceofcake,

r,withenoughhardworkand

interest,leg!

（1）Whichidiomisproperforyoutosaytoyourworriedclassmatewhoistotakepartinthe

800-metreraceattheschoolsportsmeet?

racttogether.

urlftogether.

leg.

'sapieceofcake.

（2）Howshouldyourespondwhenyouhearyourdeskmatesay,"Iamfeelingunderthe

weather."

A."What'swrongwithyou?"

B."Don''scall120."

C."Getupandfinishyourhomework."

D."Whydon'tyoutakeanumbrellawithyou?"

（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutidioms?

metimesmakenonatall.

speakershavetroubleunderstandingidiomssometimes.

arethehardestpartoflearningalanguage.

uessthemeaningofanidiomfromthewordsinit.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，习语是学习语言最困难的部分之一，作者列举了五

个常见习语的用法。

（1）考查推理判断。根据It'sapieceofcake(Meaning:it'asy)意思是很容易，可知可以表

达你对即将参加800米比赛的同学的担忧，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据I'mfeelingundertheweather(Meaning:I'msick)可知，当你听到

你的同桌说“我感觉不舒服”时，你该怎样回答。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Theyarelikepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscanget

confudwhensomeoneusaphrathatthey'veneverheardof.”它们就像谜题一样，当有

人使用他们从未听说过的短语时，甚至以英语为母语的人也会感到困惑。可知选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

asnineyearsold,Ilearnedhowtomakeacoin

disappear.I'dreadTheLordoftheRingsandriskedcomingintotheadultctionofthelibraryto

archforabookofspells(魔法)—ninebeingthatcuriousageatwhichyou'reoldenoughto

workthroughmorethan1,200pagesofmysteriousfantasyliteraturebutyoungenoughtostill

holdouthopethatyoumightfindabookofreal,kIfound

insteadtaughtbasicsleight-of-hand(戏法)technique,andIdevotedthenextmonthstopractice.

Initially,themagicwasn'titwasn'tevenmagic;itwasjustatrick—abad

hourachdayinthebathroomrunningthroughthecretmovesinfrontofthe

edthecoinoverandover,athousandtimesinaday,andaftertwoweeksofthis

mymomgotacarpetsamplefromthestoreandplaceditunderthemirrortoeradicatethe

soundofthecoinfallingagainandagain.

Ihadheardmydadworkthroughpassagesofnewmusiconthepiano,soIknewhowto

practice—slowly,deliberately,nItriedtheillusion

(错觉)

hatIhadgotwhatIwanted.

eenplayingfootballandwere

d

lled,laughed,scrambled

sbrilliant.

（1）Whatdidtheauthorentertheadultctionofthelibrarytodo?

histime.

nknowledgeofliterature.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"eradicate"inParagraph2mean?

guish.

（3）Whatcontributedtotheauthor'ssuccess?

her'retofquickmoves.

eatedhardpractice.

（4）Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheresultofhisperformanceontheplayground?

''''sdisappointing.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者变成魔术师是偶然的，并且具体讲述了自己九

岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I'dreadTheLordoftheRingsandriskedcominginto

theadultctionofthelibrarytoarchforabookofspells”我读过《魔戒》，并且冒险进入

图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书，可知，作者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。原文中

使用了不定式表达目的。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失时的练习经历，他每天

要在镜子前练1000遍左右，那么硬币也就会掉在地上1000次左右。所以划线单词所在句

子句意应为：两周后，妈妈从店里买了一块地毯，把它放在镜子下面，以掩盖硬币一次又

一次落下的声音。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Ihadheardmydadworkthroughpassagesofnew

musiconthepiano,soIknewhowtopractice—slowly,deliberately,goingforprecisionrather

nItriedtheillusion(错觉)inthemirrorandanunbelievablescenetook

edlikeamiracle.”可知，作者是在父亲练习钢琴的

经历的启发下，领悟到了练习的真谛，最终取得了成功。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Theyyelled,laughed,ne

sbrilliant.”，可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后，其他同学欢呼、大

小并且都不知道是如何做到的，每个人都很疯狂。作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。故选

A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一盘故事类阅

读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出

正确答案。

13．阅读理解

In1953,amountainclimberreportedeingabar-headedgoosoaroverthepeakofMount

Everest(珠穆朗玛).earcherswhoraid19ofthegee—

namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads—haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.

Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandface

xygenlevels,temperature,and

metabolicrate—earcherssimulated(模拟)10w-,

medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtoface

maskswornbyeachgooasitflewinthetunnel.

Birdsalready

rearchersknewthatbar-headedgeehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathe

moredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.

Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-

likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atalevel—thegee'sheartrateand

frew,the

birdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcould

takeinmoreoxygen,olinglikelyhelpscompensate

fortheverythinair,theteamsays.

Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orlesswhen

wearingtheirbackpacksandflyingat6ihigh"'snotclearwhetherthe

adaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMount

fewminutesshowedthegeereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.

（1）Whydidtherearchersrai19bar-headedgeeandtrainthem?

theflyingheightandspeedofthem.

irmtheycouldflyoverMountEverest.

rvethemflyingthroughthewindtunnel.

owmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.

（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthewindtunnelexperiment?

arriedoutatveryhighaltitude.

managedtobreathelesswhentheirblooddecread.

couldlivethroughthelowestconcentrationofoxygen.

sthegeecouldflyathighaltitudeforlong.

（3）Whatstillpuzzlesscientistsaboutthegee?

rtheyhavesuperheartsandlungs.

rtheyhavemusclespumpedmoreoxygento.

rtheyarewillingtowearbackpacksandfacemasks.

rtheycanmanagetofly8hourstoclimboverMountEverest.

（4）Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?

cereport.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的

顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果

发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚

不明确。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"In1953,amountainclimberreportedeingabar-

houghtimpossible."报道说，一名登

山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及"Nowrearcherswho

raid19ofthegee-namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthe

birdsreallyflysohigh."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。再根据

最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletofly

fewminutesshowedthegee

reallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚

不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhenthe

concentrationofoxygen...thegee'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesame

evenastheirmetabolicratedropped....olinglikely

helpscomp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，

即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能

有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostay

intheairafewminutes-orless..."尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两

处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheadaptationsaloneare

whatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest."可知，目前尚不

清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶

峰。为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果

发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚

不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进

行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

Doyouhaveatalentedyoungartist,photographer,ordesignerinyourlife?It'snevertooearly

tostarthelpingthemgettheirworkoutthere!We'veroundedupthetopartcompetitionsfor

kidsandteensthatcanhelptheyoungcreatorssharetheirfirstmasterpiecewiththeworld.

Mostofthemaretotallyfreetoenter!

GlobalCanvasChildren'sArtCompetition

Ages:16andunderMediums:drawing,painting

OrganizedbytheDavidShepherdWildlifeFoundation,thisartcompetitionwantstoinspirethe

gesarelookingfor

artiststodiscoverthewonderfulplacesthatwildlifecallshome.

ToyotaDreamCarArtContest

Ages:15andunderMediums:drawing,painting

Timetodesignadreamcar!Toyotawantstogetjuniorartiststhinkingaboutwhatthefutureof

includeachancetotouroneoftheToyotacarplantsand

experiencevariousaspectsofJapaneculture.

AdvenaWorldChildren'sArtCompetition

Ages:15andunderMediums:drawing,painting,photosandotheroriginalartworks

dofatheme,itasksthe

participatingartiststosimplyexpresstheirfeelings—anythingfromsadnessorjoytoangeror

excitement—throughtheirchonmedium.

ProgressiveYoungArtistsAwards

Opento:highschoolandcollegestudentsMediums:drawing,painting,photograph,mixed

media,sculpture

,ifthereisacreativeteenin

yourlifewhowantstodogoodintheworld,ze

isascholarshipthatwinnerscanputforwardstheirpost-condaryschooling.

（1）Whichofthefollowingfavorstheenvironment?

WorldChildren'CanvasChildren'sArtCompetition.

ssiveYoungArtistsAwards.

（2）WhatprizecanthewinnergetatToyotaDreamCarArtContest?

ntofcash.

（3）WhatisspecialaboutAdvenaWorldChildren'sArtCompetition?

nentrancefee.

ticipantsaretheyoungest.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。

（1）考查细节理解。根据GlobalCanvasChildren'sArtCompetition部分中的“thisart

competitionwantstoinspirethenextgenerationtobemoremindfulofhowwetakecareofthe

earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据ToyotaDreamCarArtContest部分中的“Prizesincludeachanceto

touroneoftheToyotacarplantsandexperiencevariousaspectsofJapaneculture.”可知，奖

励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。纵观全文并进行细致比较可知GlobalCanvasChildren'sArt

Competition关注的是地球环境；ToyotaDreamCarArtContest则着眼与未来的交通；

ProgressiveYoungArtistsAwards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有AdvenaWorldChildren'sArt

Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Insteadofatheme,itaskstheparticipatingartiststo

simplyexpresstheirfeelings—anythingfromsadnessorjoytoangerorexcitement得知本比赛

没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节

信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

thisn',yourhair

andnailsdon'esatthetopofBicbiropensaretheresothat,ifyou

swallowoneaccidentally,youcanstillbreatheandwon''sdebatablewhether

Googlearchofthefact,rewrittenasa

question,showsarticlesaddressingthispointgoingbackveralyears,withthelatest

(re)oit'soneofthothingsthatcome

upfromtimetotime,likewhatwouldhappenifyouattackYellowstonewithanuclearweapon

(notmuch,asitturnsout).

IfyoujumpovertoBic'swebsite,undertheirFAQs(frequentlyaskedquestions),itquiteclearly

states:"ThereasonthatsomeBIC®penshaveaholeintheircapistopreventthecapfrom

requestedbythe

internationalsafetystandardsISO11540,exceptforincaswherethecapisconsideredtoolarge

tobeachokingrisk."

That'eciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsy

customers,wethoughtwe'dshareafewmorerandomfactsaboutBicthatareprobablygoingto

know,forexample,thateachBicballpointpencan

produceatleast2kilometers(1.2miles)ofinkbeforeitbeginstorunout?Infact,in2018,7,250

kilometers(4,505miles)ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gel

pens(中性笔),androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard.

ThebestpartoftheBicsite,however,isthisrathercuriousfact:"100percentofpenballsare

madethroughahighly-controlledprocess."Asoppodtoahighlyuncontrolledprocess,

involvingexplosionsandbouncycastlesandtotalchaos,wesuppo.

（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthecaofYellowstone?

ehispoint.

asizetheimportanceofsafety.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obstructing"inparagraph2mean?

.

（3）Whywerethewritingtestsonpenscarriedout?

retheirgoodquality.

aredifferentpenswitheachother.

（4）Inwhattonedoestheauthordevelopthetext?

s.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的

使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。

（1）考查推理判断。毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因，且这个问题会被偶尔问到，就

像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样，作者是在举例证明他的观

点，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时，笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止

笔帽完全阻塞气管而引起窒息，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers(4,505miles)of

writingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens(中性笔),androllersto

makesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard."可知，举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能

够达到最高的标准，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgeby

thisn',yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie."和第三段中的

"That'eciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsy

customers"等作者的行文措辞可知，作者笔调轻松幽默，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅

读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

DarrellBlatchley,amarinebiologistandenvironmentalistbadinthePhilippinecityofDavao,

receivedacallfromthePhilippines,BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources(渔业与水产资源

局)earlyFridaymorningreportingadeathofayoungwhale.

Whenthenecropsy(尸检)wasperformed,BlatchleytoldNPR,hewasnotpreparedforthe

amountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach."Itwasfullofplasticnothingbutnonstop

plastic."hesaid"Itwasfilledtothepointthatitsstomachwasashardasababall."Thatmeans

thatthisanimalhasbeensufferingnotfordaysorweeksbutformonthsorevenayearormore,"

Blatchleyadded.

BlatchleyisthefounderandowneroftheD'BoneCollectorMuum,anaturalhistorymuum

omingdays,themuumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.

BlatchleyandhisteamworkwiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandother

organizationstoassistinrescueandrecoveryofmarineanimals.

"Withinthelast10years,wehaverecovered61whalesanddolphinsjustwithintheDavao

Gulf,"hesaid."Ofthem,57havediedduetomanwhethertheytookplasticorfishingnetsor

otherwaste,orgottencaughtinpollution—andfourwerepregnant."

Blatchleysaidhehopedthatthelatestincidentwouldlaunchtheissueofplasticpollutionin

thePhilippinesandacrosstheglobe."Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoe

ananimaldieofnaturalcausthanitistoeananimaldieofplastic,"hesaid.

（1）Whatcanheinferredfromthecondparagraph?

lewasstarvedtodeath.

leywasshockedatwhathefound.

dwhalemusthaveswallowedababall.

leydidn'tmakepreparationsforthenecropsy.

（2）WhatwillbeshownintheD'BoneCollectorMuum?

lesystemofthewhale.

foundinthewhale'fferenttoolsofwhaling.

（3）WhatdoesBlatchleythinkofplasticpollutioninthePhilippines?

.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

pforProtectingWhales

lDeathorMercilessMurder

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们

对海洋塑料污染的担忧。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplasticthey

foundinthewhale'sstomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无

准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Inthecomingdays,themuumwilldisplayallthe

itemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展

出，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommon

toeananimaldieofnaturalcausthanitistoeananimaldieofplastic,”可知，布拉奇利

说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他

对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死

亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

17．阅读理解

IhavethreekidsandagreathusbandandI'menjoyingacareerthatIfindchallengingandfun.

Thisfeelslike"Success"reisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisis

silencedoIhearthelfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.

lled,forthefirsttime,

toIcelandwithafriend,whosharesanappreciationforwildernessandsilence.

Forsixdays,wewereimmerdinwild,rawsceneryandrealweather—allkindsofweather.

Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittle

strongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.

IfoundsilenceinIceland，andtimetoconsiderthemeoutsideofcareerandthemeoutside

ofkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangers.

WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened，Ibecamemoregenerous.I1earnedthatchoosingto

begenerouscancreatemorespace,morefoodandmorewarmth.

ButIdidn'ctthe

anxietythatdrovemetoeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoogratitude

andjoy，andtobeprentinthechallengesItinmycareerandmyfamily.

Icamehometonoi，rushandlove;he

answerisn'werisinfrontofme

witheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.

（1）WhydidtheauthortakeatriptoIceland?

yfamilyhappiness.

eciatenaturalbeauty.

（2）Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'strip?

ing

（3）Whatchangehappenedtotheauthorafterthetrip?

amemoreenergetic

amemoreanxious

（4）Whatwilltheauthordointhefuture?

erealitybravely.

sattentiontoherfeelings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上了冰岛之旅。回来

之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在平平淡淡的日常生活和工作中。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段中的“Butthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingif

Ibookedatriptofindout.”可知作者心里一直有疑问，那就是"我是真正的自己吗？"，所以

作者预定了旅行去寻找答案，即她去冰岛旅行的目的是寻找真正的自我，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoa

strongitfeelstobe

uncomfortablesometimes.”可知作者在冰岛旅行时冒雨爬山，饮食简单，并且体验到了种

种不适，故推测作者的旅行是艰苦的，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.和The

answerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.”可知

作者不再困惑，她知道真正自我的答案就在日常生活中，就在她所做出的每个选择中，故

推测作者旅行回来后变乐观了。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Isuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoek

silenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoogratitudeandjoy，andtobeprentin

thechallengesItinmycareerandmyfamily.”可知作者怀疑驱使她去冰岛的焦虑正在让她

失去选择感恩和快乐的能力，也让她看不到在家庭和事业中的挑战。故推测作者以后不会

逃避生活，并且能够勇敢面对生活中暂时的困惑。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

18．阅读理解

Astudyshowe

ildrenreceivemoreattention,they

receiveinformationwhentheye,hearandfeelthings,which

reahundredtrillion(万

亿)connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

RearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsound

earchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsound

mple,thepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwas

thepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsible

forspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"owsthatbabiescantellthe

sowerensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.

Gervainixcitedbythefindingsbecautheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwords

andgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningoratthe

end,itmakesabigdifference:Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'Thebearcaught

John.'”

RearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,

audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobe

enoughforchildren'rriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmerican

pectedthefirstgroupwho'dwatchedvideosinChinetoshowthesamekindof

leardthey

iesinthecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilar

otherbabies－regardlessofwhethertheyhad

watchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio－learnednothing.

（1）Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'sbrain?

encingnewinformation.

y'nectionwithotherbabies.

（2）WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?

identifydifferentsoundpatterns.

derisrelevanttomeaning.

canwellunderstanddifferentwords.

inbrainregionprocesslanguage.

（3）WhatdoestheunderlinedntencemeaninParagraph3?

risimportantinlearninglanguages.

entordershavedifferentmeanings.

entlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.

avedifferentsounds.

（4）WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?

shouldn'twatchalotoftelevision.

ingtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies'brain.

nlanguageshelpbabies'braindevelop.

communicationimprovesbabies'braindevelopment.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒

介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheye,hearandfeelthings,

whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可

以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsiblefor

speechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"owsthatbabiescantellthedifference

betweendifferentpatterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。

（3）句意猜测题。根据第三段"Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabig

difference:'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”可知，有些东西

放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一

样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段RearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthat

languagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhow

educational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.可知，通过电视、

网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语

言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅

读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的

技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分

析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

19．阅读理解

EngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecorated

',itdoesn'tlooklikeany

esystems,thebatterycanbe

tery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.

Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,an

stneed

morebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.

"tutingbacteriacanbean

advantage,"Choisays."Theyarecheapandlf-repairing."Whatpaper-badbatterieswon'tdo

,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayor

dangerousplaces—tance,they

mightpowertinynsors,suchasthetypesudtomeasurebloodsugar.

Thisinventionisbadonanobrvationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes(微

生物)istsrefertothebio-batteriesbadonthis

gular

baellusfuel

ca,llingmoremicrobes,asneeded,

scientistscankeepthefuelcellsrunning.

,Choiandhisteamare

'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsforthe

anodeandcathode(正负极).They'realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesfor

utyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.

Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.

（1）Whatmakesthepaper-badbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?

ebacteriatogenerateelectricity.

keamuchshortertimetorecharge.

（2）Whatcanthepaper-badbatteriesdo?

loodsugarlevels.

chemicalsinthepaper.

（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

racteristicsofthepaperbatteries.

kingprincipleoftheinvention.

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-badbatteries?

ive.

stic.

ul.

ous.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物

进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。研发团队则在寻找能使

该电池储存更多电量的方法。该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"st

needmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."这种电池是不需

要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之

处。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Whatpaper-badbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuch

,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"纸

基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险

的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的"Thisinventionisbadonanobrvationmademore

thanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood"，这项发

明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。因此，科学家们

"Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbadonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"根据这一原理

将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选

D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucan

simplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。

作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。故选

B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

20．阅读理解

Itemverymajorcityandtownaroundtheworldhostsanannualmarathon,with

anyrunners'motivationisto

beattheirpersonalbestandcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'realsodoingitfora

goodcau—eothermajorevents,themarathonalso

ndstravel—somebyplane—tothelocation,and

wastefr

becomingabigissueforcities—howtohostaworthwhileevent,encouragingpeopletoexerci

andhelpcharities,whileprotectingtheenvironment?Severalcitieshavedevelopedformalplans

toreducetheirenvironmentalimpactandpromotesustainable(可持续的)ntin

Wales,forexample,introducedrecyclingforoldrunningkit.

It'ssomethingthatthisyear'sLondonMarathontriedtotacklebyreducingthenumberof

drinkstationsontherunningroute,givingoutwaterinpapercupsandofferingsomedrinksin

sotriallednewbottlebeltsmadefromrecycledplasticso700

Marathoneventdirector

HughBrasnertoldtheBBC:"Therearealotofinitiatives(倡议)weareusingthisyearthatwe

thinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesinthefuture."

Meanwhile,somepeoplestillthinkrunningamarathoncouldbeourbestfootforwardin

eaCollinsfromCardiffUniversitytoldtheBBC:"Trainingfora

edwalkingorrunningto

nvironmentallyfriendlywhile

trainingstickswithyouandbecomesawayoflife."

（1）Whydomanypeopleenterforamarathon?

evetheirownambitions.

rateamassivecarbonfootprint.

ovethemlvesbothphysicallyandmentally.

lengetheirpersonallimitationsandraimoneyforcharities.

（2）WhatdidHughBrasnerthinkofthisyear'sLondonMarathon?

ringalargeprofittoLondon.

dalotofwaterresourcesandpower.

mprovepeople'sbehaviourinthefuture.

akeLondonersmorefriendlywhenrunningamarathon.

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"shunning"inthelastparagraph?

ng.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

gamarathoncanmakemoremoney.

gamarathoncandogreatdamagetotheearth.

gamarathoncanchangepeople'slifecompletely.

gamarathoncancontributetoprotectingtheearth.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，现如今，许多城市和乡镇都举办了马拉松比赛，马

拉松旨在为一些公益活动募集资金，但马拉松的举办也为城市带来了环境问题。有一些城

市已经采取了一些措施，来保证马拉松比赛的可持续性发展，如减少马拉松赛程中的供水

站，以水囊的形式代替等等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"manyrunners'motivationistobeattheirpersonalbest

andcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'realsodoingitforagoodcau—togenerate

fundsforcharity"许多参赛的动机是打破他们的个人最好记录，同时还为了一个非常好的目

的，就是为了慈善机构募款。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Therearealotofinitiatives（倡议）weareusingthis

yearthatwethinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesinthefuture.“HughBrasner认

为，在这几年马拉松比赛中使用的一些环保倡议会引起将来一些行为上的巨大改变，故选

C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的"Trainingforamarathonmakesyoumoresustainable

edwalkingorrunningtoworkeveryday"为马拉松做出的训练可

以使人能够更加适应每天的日常活动，DrAndreaCollins也开始每天走路或跑步上下班，这

样的通勤方式可以避免交通拥堵，因此可以用avoid代替shun，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"runningamarathoncouldbeourbestfootforward

inhelpingtheplanet"跑马拉松是在用个人的力量帮助这个星球，以及"Beingenvironmentally

friendlywhiletrainingstickswithyouandbecomesawayoflife."这样做既能运动同时对环境也

有帮助，成为新兴的生活方式，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象

类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，

推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

21．阅读理解

DanceClass

Ballet

Balletteachesgrace,posture(姿势)tsfocusontheuofproperballet

items(物品),expandingtheirknowledgeofclassicalballettechniquesandimprovingmotorskills

ssisaformalballetclass.

Age8-10

September7,2019-May16,2020

10:30am-12:00amonSaturday

CreativeMovers

Studentscanexplorecreativemovement,balance,focus,thedevelopmentofskills,motor

sshelpsbuildstrength,flexibilityandlf-confidence,andallows

enutheir

imaginationtocelebratemovementandhavelotsoffun.

Age3-5

September7,2019-January18,2020

9:00am-9:45amonSaturday

Jazz

asswillfocus

ordertoensureproperplacementforyourchild,weinviteallstudentstoparticipateina

sample(示例)tsandparentsworkwithprogramstafftomeetstudents'personal

dancegoals.

Age5-6

September7,2019-May16,2020

2:00pm-3:00pmonSaturday

HipHop

Studentswillbeintroducedtoveraldifferentaspectsofhiphopdanceincludingpopping,

locking,hopinstructorsarehighly

knowledgeableandwillprovidestudentswithawonderfulviewofhiphopdance.

Age7-10

September7,2019-May16,2020

1:00pm-2:00pmonSunday

（1）Whichclassissuitablefor4-year-oldchildren?

.

（2）Whatcanstudentsdointhejazzclass?

helonghistoryofjazz.

nowjazz-stylemovements.

（3）Whatisspecialaboutthehiphopclass?

ailableonSunday.

hemostskilledteachers.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几门舞蹈课。这些课程适合不同年龄段的孩

子。孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。

（1）考查细节理解。根据CreativeMovers部分中的”Age3-5“可知，CreativeMovers这门课

适合四岁的孩子。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Jazz部分中的”Studentswillbeintroducedtojazz-stylerhythms

andmovements.“可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据文中”Ballet(10:30am-12:00amonSaturday);CreativeMovers(9:

00am-9:45amonSaturday)“;”Jazz(2:00pm-3:00pmonSaturday)“;”HipPop(1:00pm-2:00

pmonSunday)“可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而HipHop课是在星期天上课，这

就是它独特的地方。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节

信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

22．（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选

项。

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanksto

awarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)called

eofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thephytoplanktoncreate

olourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingon

echangewillfuelthegrowthof

phytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean's

appearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intothe

eorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,an

toplanktonarevulnerableto

theocean'gchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect

phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate

ldthatwarmsupby

3℃,elprojects

thomewaters,

suchasthooftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andthe

areaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."she

said,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."

（1）Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

iouspatternsattheoceansurface.

ofthechangesinoceancolour.

lightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

ortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?

ceable

（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

lanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

wicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges

lanktonhavebeenudtocontrolglobalclimate

withmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

（4）Whatisthemainpurpoofthepassage?

sstheconquencesofoceancolourchanges

ythecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

aintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

oduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会

变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的

作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的

影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。

（1）段落大意题。第一段“ooner,theworld'soceanswillbe

bluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末，

一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更

绿。再根据第二段中的“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalled

tofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thephytoplanktonscreate

olourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingon

thetypeandconcentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，

在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取

决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变

化的原因。故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanand

canaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,

butalsonutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由

此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swamningtrend”可知，浮游植物很

容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswith

omewaters,suchasthooftheArctic,a

warmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheareaswillturngreener”,可知

Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些

水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿

了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得

更绿了。故选D。

（4）主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“ooner,the

world'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”

可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将

会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarning

trendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”

可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响

浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

23．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，

选出最佳选项。

WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthan

thewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpresdbythemostrecent

changes?

Itwouldnotmatterifthemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'r,

theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,

reprentedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthings

isso"yesterday"liefin"post-industrialsociety"has

ledthocountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingctor(制造业)withnegativeconquences

fortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmoved

theinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesand

sledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodeveloping

stion,however,iswhether

sgivingmoneyfortholess

fashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmore

affordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychilda

laptopcomputerorttingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthothings

arenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithout

carefullyasssingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecent

changesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnow

weliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecome

tobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,

inginsuchaworld,many

governmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsof

capital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.

Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,

bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesatthe

r,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathas

alreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.

（1）Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________.

rogressintechnology

oflimitedresources

（2）TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________.

ople'sntialneedsintoaccount

eirprogrammesattractivetopeople

thateachchildgetsfinancialsupport

emoreaffordableinternetfacilities

（3）Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?

tingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.

ingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.

ngthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.

-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

shouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.

ionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.

rightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.

icpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对

慈善事业都会有不利的影响。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultin

misguideduofscarceresources.”可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使

用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Perhapsgivingmoneyfortholessfashionablethings

suchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashing

machineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputeror

ttingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthothingsarenecessarilymore

important,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyasssing

therelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusoftheirmoney.”可知，与其给那些

贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起

的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐

赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实

际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第五段“Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasled

peopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsand

transportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".以及Believingin

suchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationson

cross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.”可知，对新东西的迷恋让人

们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在

这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故

选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据第三段“ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunication

Technology)revolution,reprentedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswrongly

concludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"liefin

"post-industrialsociety"hasledthocountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingctor(制造业)

withnegativeconquencesfortheireconomies.”可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋

让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而

忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知，传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能被

新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

24．（2019•天津）阅读理解

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？hisadultlifehasbeena

juryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,

byheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowritea

book.

The

formerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestory

posaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheend

oftheirdays,whileothersgotoedlongbefore？

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnot

'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeople

whohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecautheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesand

opinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,eedinourfieldof

ournofwonder.

But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

ntobearwith

thethingswecan'nthathowevermuchwetryto

plea,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiventually

relaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,willknowhow

r,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehave

madeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我）,whethertoloved

ones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofuquate（视……等同于）"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteaching

nganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitlfanadmirablecommitment.

Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-

'velearnedlife'smost

valuablelesson.

（1）ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.

freedomstimulatesone'screativity

otabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

inspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

litycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？

'ne'nergytakingrisks.

einteresttocontinuelearning.

（3）WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

hodaretotryoftengetthemlvestrapped.

hotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

unityfavorsthowithacuriousmind.

unityawaitsthowithacautiousmind.

（4）WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

mancantoleratesuffering.

ancanlivewithoutlf-pity.

ouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

ouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

（5）Whatistheauthor'spurpoinwritingthepassage?

ideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

sstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

etheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

estawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会

有意义。

（1）考查推理判断。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残

疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文

可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningon

growingbecautheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewith

passingyears.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长

的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“,ifwearewillingto

learn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学

习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'

nthathowevermuchwetrytoplea,somepeoplearenever

goingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiventuallyrelaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那

些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜

欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我

们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

（5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故

本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅

读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答

案。

25．阅读理解

At88,'mdeterminedto

helpheragewithdignityandgraceinherhomeforaslongasshecan.

Since2015,I'vebeenamanageratHonor,atechnologycompanythatusawebsiteandan

apptopairprofessionalcaregivers(wecallthemCarePros)withlovedoneswhoneedahand.I

wanttomakesureweareofferingallourclients(客户),includingmygrandmother,arvicethat

isaffordable,withpeoplewhoarereliable,,my

grandmother'smost-lovedHonorprofessionalcaregiver,comesovertogetherdresdforchurch.

'sthebestgiftIcangiveherandthebestgiftIcan

r,we'retryingto

createsomethingthatmakesiteasierforwomentobemoms,daughters,andsistersallatonce.

That'swhythiscompanywasbuilt.

WhattsHonorapartfromothercaregivingrvicesisthatwe'reequallyfocudontreating

igher-than-averageratesandtheycangethealthbenefitsandsick

ourCareProsarewomen,hnology

behindourappallowsCareProstotparameters(参数)badonwhen,where,andhowmuch

panyalsoallowscontinuityof

rePronotesinthecaregivers'apphowtheclientisfeelingorwhatshouldhappen

y,theclient'sfamilycanstayuptodateontheirlovedone'shealth.

WhenIwasworkingwithmyteamatHonor,Iwantedtocreateopportunitiesforpeoplewho

lookedlikeme.I'mproudtosaythattherearesinglemomsandotherwomenwithouttraditional

eupofthiscompanyprovesthatpeoplewith

stobeamodelforthe

future.

I'mconfidentitwillhappen.

（1）TheauthormentionsAmyto_______.

tecaringfortheelderly

thereadersofatouchingstory

（2）WhichofthefollowingaboutHonoristrue?

wsflexibleworkingschedules.

shighersalaryandmorepaidleave.

lyemployssinglemothersandmales.

hescaregiverswithclientsatrandom.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"stayuptodate"probablymean?

latestinformation.

anysomebodydayandnight.

（4）Thelastparagraphintendstotellusthat_______.

reabletoholduphalfthesky

shasnothingtodowitheducation

illprobablyhaveabetterfuture

withdiverbackgroundswillbeamodel

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年照顾者的重要性以及Honor公司。

Honor是一家科技公司，它通过一个网站和一个应用程序，将专业护理人员(我们称之为护

理专业人员)与需要帮助的亲人配对。Honor与其他护理服务的区别在于，我们同样注重善

待护理专业人士。我们支付高于平均水平的工资，他们可以享受健康福利和病假。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Iwanttomakesureweareofferingallourclients(客

户),includingmygrandmother,arvicethatisaffordable,withpeoplewhoarereliable,diver

,mygrandmother'smost-lovedHonorprofessionalcaregiver,comes

esthetimeshespendswithAmy.”我想要确保我们为

所有的客户，包括我的祖母，提供一项负担得起的服务，而且要有可靠、多样化和熟练的

员工。在星期天，艾米，我祖母最喜欢的荣誉职业护理员，过来给她穿上去教堂的衣服。

她喜欢和艾米在一起的时光。可知，作者提到Amy是为了说明老年照顾者的重要性。故选

C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ThetechnologybehindourappallowsCareProstot

parameters(参数)badonwhen,where,andhowmuchtheywanttoworksotheycancontrol

theirschedules.”我们的应用程序背后的技术允许医护人员根据时间、地点和工作量来设置

参数，这样他们就可以控制自己的日程安排。可知，它允许灵活的工作时间安排。故选

A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“EachCarePronotesinthecaregivers'apphowthe

y,theclient'sfamilycan

stayuptodateontheirlovedone'shealth.”每个护理专业人员都会在护理人员的应用程序中

记录下客户的感受，以及接下来轮班时应该发生什么。这样，客户的家人就可以随时了解

他们所爱的人的健康状况。由此推知划线词的意思是"获取最新信息"。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Themakeupofthiscompanyprovesthatpeople

stobeamodelfor

thefuture.”这家公司的构成证明，拥有不同背景的人可以成为一家成功科技公司的一部

分。这必须成为未来的模式。和最后一段中的“I'mconfidentitwillhappen.”我相信这将会发

生。可知，最后一段意在告诉我们，Honor可能会有一个更好的未来。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考

生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

26．阅读理解

ThefounderofelectricsupercarmakerRimachassaiditwon'tmakenforpeopletoown

ordrivetheirowncarsinthecomingdecades.

AccordingtoRimac,mostpeoplewillnolongerownoroperatetheirowncarsinthefuture.

Instead,vehicleswillbeshared,lf—hangesarealreadystarting.

"TherewillbepeoplewhostillwanttoowntheircarsanddrivetheircarsandIamhappyforthat

becauthatisourbusiness,"Rimacsaid."Longterm,Ithink20yearsdowntheroad,itwillbe

totallychangedandpeoplewillnotownordrivetheircarsanymore."Rimac'smostrecentcar,

theC—Two,comesofftheproductionlinenextyear.

Rimaciswellawaretheindustryischangingquicklyduetotherioflf-drivingvehiclesand

electricbatteries,andsaysinthenext20yearsdrivingasweknowitmayexistmainlyasahobby.

"Ireallybelievethathumanitygoesforthingsthatmaken."hetoldNewsweek."Ifyoulook

at1.3millionpeopledyingeveryyearontheroads,ifyoulookattheimpactithasoneconomies

badontrafficjamsandtimelost,it'ssomuchofanegativeimpacttosocietythatIthinksucha

hugebenefitcanbegainedifpeoplestopdriving."

"Let'standinginfrontofthechoiceofeitherinvestingahuge

amountofyourmoneyinbuyingahunkofmetalandplasticfor30,40,50thousanddollars,or

youhavetheconvenientoptionofpayingasyougo,thecarpicksyouupinafewminutes,it'sa

niceenvironmentandyouspendafewdollarsperdayonyourtransport."

"Whenyoutakethedriveroutofthecar,transportcanbemuchcheaperandyoucanuthe

timetodootherthings,insteadofsittingbehindasteering(转向)wheelandnotdoinganything

nkthechoiceforthevastmajorityofpeoplewillbetheobviousone."

（1）Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

orityofpeoplewillpurchacars.

angeswilltakeplaceincarindustry.

gcarswillenjoymorepopularity.

businessisgraduallydisappearing.

（2）Whatisamajorcauofthefastchangeinthecarindustry?

idgrowthoflf-drivingcars.

eofsharedvehicles.

reasingdemandofcustomers.

ancedproductionline.

（3）HowdoesRimafeelaboutthefutureoflf-drivingcars?

ain.

ed.

stic.

ened.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

-drivingcarsmeetnewchallenges.

-drivingcarsavoidhumanerrors.

singordrivingcarswon'tbeamust.

tionalcarswillbecompletelyreplaced.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了由于自动驾驶车辆和电池的兴起，在不远的

将来人们不用再买车和驾车，此外自动驾驶车辆将给社会和环境带来巨大好。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Longterm,Ithink20yearsdowntheroad,itwillbe

totallychangedandpeoplewillnotownordrivetheircarsanymore.”可知，20年后交通会有巨

大的变化，人们将不会拥有或者驾驶车辆，由此可推测将来汽车产业将会发生巨大变大。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Rimaciswellawaretheindustryischangingquickly

duetotherioflf-drivingvehiclesandelectricbatteries,“可知汽车产业的巨大变化是由自动

驾驶车辆和电池的兴起导致。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”SoIthinkthechoiceforthevastmajorityofpeoplewill

betheobviousone.”可知Rimac认为很多人都会选择自动驾驶车辆，故推测Rimac对自动驾

驶车辆的未来非常乐观。选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“ThefounderofelectricsupercarmakerRimachassaid

itwon'tmakenforpeopletoownordrivetheirowncarsinthecomingdecades.“和下文所

讲述的内容可知，本文主要围绕将来人们不用再拥有和驾驶车辆展开。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

27．阅读理解

Plasticsludge(污泥)andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'rewtraveledthe

ieAndernofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhat

weeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthat

remainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”

Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplarge

concentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehave

ome

partsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”

Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthe

microscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavy

metals,medicines,industrialwasteinthea,whileitactslikemagnets(磁铁).Thepoisonous

substancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenafoodabsorbstheplastics,thopoisonous

substancenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyotheralifeandbypeopleatlast.

China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,

UnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesand

reeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,including

atthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon(黎巴嫩).ButAndernsaysthereismorethat

peoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-uplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plastic

bagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareesntialtoour

survival.

（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.

effectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeenbyeyes.

tedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.

sticpollutiontooceansismoreriousthanwhatwecane.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?

sticparticles.

issues.

（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

ancountrieshavethemostriousproblemofplasticpollution.

sticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.

enisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,

shouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.

（4）Whichmaybethetitleofthepassage?

cpollutionintheWorld.

cpollution—Oceans'Disaster.

solvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.

cpollutionandourhealth.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段第三句：AndJulieAndernofthePlasticOceansFoundation

sayswhatweeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们

看到的只是问题的冰山一角。故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选

D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimes

visibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithother

pollutants."Thereareheavymetals，medicines，industrialwasteinthea，whileitactslike

magnets（磁铁）.可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒

与其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样.it指代的是

塑料颗粒。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据ButAndernsaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackon

single-uplastics，straws，plasticcups，plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfind

alternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareesntialtooursurvival.可知，

安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做

的工作不满意。故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略

读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上

下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

28．阅读理解

Al,whenshe

gotthenews:HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity;wassufferingfrom

mentalillness.

Inspiredbythis,Malmonformedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkopenly

blossomedintoanationalorganizationthattodayhasmorethan

swiththeorganizationspendtheirtimetalkingwithcollege

studentsaboutthepressurethattoday'syoungpeopleface.

"Whatyouhearoftenisjustaneedtobeperfect,"saidMalmon,"andaneedtoprent

onelfasperfect."AnewstudyintheUKprovedthatthisneedforperfectionismissimplypart

oftoday'tudy,tworearchersstudiedmorethan40,000studentsfromtheUS,

Canada,undthatwhattheycalled"socially-prescribed(社会定向型的)

perfectionism"increadbyathirdbetween1989and2016.

LeadrearcherThomasCurransaidthatwhilesomanyoftoday'syoungpeopletrytoprent

aperfectappearanceonline,socialmediaisn'd,hesaid,

itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodemsociety,meaningyoungpeoplecan'tavoidbeing

mesfromnewnormalsituation

likegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,nationalexaminationandparentingthatincreasingly

emphasizessuccessineducation.

Forexample,in1976,halfofhighschoolniorxpectedtogetacollegedegreeofsomekind.

By2008,earchersalsosaidchangesin

ntsfeelincread

pressuretoraisuccessfulchildren,theyinturnpasstheir"achievementanxieties"ontotheir

kidsthrough"toomuchparticipationintheirchild'sactivitiesoremotions

ThointhementalhealthcommunitylikeMalmonsaythey'reconcernedabouttheimpact

thecultureofperfectionismhasonmentalhealthoncampus."Mentalhealthhastrulybecome

thisgeneration'ssocialjustice(公正)issue,"shesaid."It'sourjobtoequipthemwiththetools

andtoletpeopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."

（1）WhatinspiredAlisonMalmontostartagrouprelatedtomentalhealth?

ther'smentalillness.

jectduringthefreshmanyear.

ssureshehadexperienced.

onginterestinmentalhealth.

（2）Whatmaybepushingtoday'syoungpeopletostruggletobeperfect,accordingtothe

article?

actofsocialmedia.

s'highexpectationsoftheirchildren.

reasingnumberofcollegestudents.

rcecompetitioninsociety.

esiretodrawtheirparents'attention.

A.a,b,c

B.a,d,e

C.a,b,d

D.b,c,e

（3）WhatdoesMalmonthinkisawaytohelpyoungpeoplemanagethepressureof

perfectionism?

ngthemtoknowwhatistoblamefortheirpressure.

ngtheirexpectationsofthemlves.

ngparents'involvementintheirchildren'slife.

themawareofwhattruesocialresponsibilityis.

（4）Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

udyoncollegestudents.

chintothetrendofperfectionism.

devotedtohelpingpeoplestaymentallyhealthy.

spressuresthattoday'syoungpeoplearefacing.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并

分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbia

University;wassufferingfrommentalillness.“；以及第二段中的”Inspiredbythis,Malmon

formedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkopenlyaboutmentalhealth."可知正

是Malmon的哥哥Brian患上了精神病让Malmon决定创办一个研究精神病的研究小组。故

选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.

Instead,hesaid,itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodemsociety…Thatcomesfromnew

normalsituationlikegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,nationalexaminationandparenting

thatincreasinglyemphasizessuccessineducation."可知社交媒体不是年轻人所面临压力的唯

一原因，当代社会的激烈竞争以及父母对孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It'sourjobtoequipthemwiththetoolsandtolet

peopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."可知Malmon认为年轻人应该让人们知道精神健康方面

的问题不是他们的错误，而是社会以及父母给他们带来的。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，前两段导入话题：完美主义给年轻人带来了巨

大的精神压力，人们组建了研究团队对此进行研究。第三段第一句点明主题"Whatyouhear

oftenisjustaneedtobeperfect,"saidMalmon,"andaneedtoprentonelfasperfect."下文

分析了完美主义产生的具体原因，并提出了年轻人的应对方法。所以本文主要讲述的是对

完美主义的研究。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象

类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概

括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

29．阅读理解

etimesmakinggoodfood

,thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeat

toimprovetheirhealthandtheirdiningoutexperience.

OpenTableapp

Oree

rvicetha

givesurspointswhentheymakerervations(预定),whichcanadduptodiscountson

restaurantvisits.

MaxMcCalman'sChee&WinePairingapp

chwinesgobestwithwhichchees?

MaxMcCalman'sChee&idesinformationabouthundredsof

alman'sChee&WinePairing

appisfree.

HappyCowapp

pyCowapp

anarchforvegetarian-veganrestaurantsandstoresaroundthe

world.

LocalEatsapp

Restaurantchains,likeMcDonalds,

elpyou

saboutadollar.

WhereChefsEatapp

"WhereChefsEat"

thereisamuchlighterappversionofthesamenameforjust$dredchefsprovide

informationon3,000restaurantsaroundtheworldontheWhereChefsEatapp.

（1）Whatdothefirsttwoappshaveincommon?

ntsareprovidedonboth.

llyouwheretohavethebestfood.

（2）WhoisHappyCowappprobablydesignedfor?

njoyingmeatverymuch.

fteneatinginarestaurant.

（3）Wherecanwemostlikelyethetext?

lphoneapplicationintroduction.

dents'entificdiscoveryTVprogram.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五个帮助他们了解健康饮食的应用软件。

（1）考查细节理解。根据OpenTableapp部分中的”Itisafreervicethatshowsurs

restaurantavailablebadonwhereandwhentheywanttodine.“这是一项免费服务，根据用

户想要用餐的地点和时间向用户显示餐厅；以及MaxMcCalman'sChee&WinePairingapp

部分中的”MaxMcCalman'sChee&WinePairingappisfree.“MaxMcCalman'sChee&Wine

Pairing应用程序是免费的。可知前两个应用程序的共同点是他们都是免费的。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据HappyCowapp部分中的”Vegetariansdonoteatanimalmeat.

pyCowappismadeforbothgroups.“素食者不吃

肉。严格素食者不吃任何动物产品。而快乐奶牛应用软件就是为这两个群体制作的。，可

知HappyCow软件是为想要节食的人设计的。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Now,thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnabout

thefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirhealthandtheirdiningoutexperience."现在，有一些应用程

序可以帮助人们了解他们吃的食物，从而改善他们的健康和外出就餐的体验。以及文章主

要介绍了五个应用软件，故最有可能在手机应用介绍看到本文。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

30．阅读理解

Theterm"smilingdepression"—appearinghappytootherswhileactuallysufferingdepressive

symptoms—,manypeoplewhoexperiencealowmood

anpeople

mightbeparticularlyeasytosuicide.

Whilesmilingdepressionisnotatechnicaltermthatpsychologistsu，itiscertaintobe

sttechnicaltermforthis

conditionis"atypicaldepression:Itcanbeveryhardtospotpeoplesufferingdepressionbecau

theymayemliketheydon'thaveareasontobesad—theyhaveajob,anapartmentand

ilewhenyougreetthemandcancarrypleasant

t,theyoftenputonamasktotheoutsideworldwhileleadingemingly

,however,theyoftenfeelhopelessanddown,sometimeven

havingthoughtsaboutendingitall.

Peoplewithsmilingdepressionputonahappyfacetotheoutsideworld,buttheycan

experymptoms

ofthisconditionincludeovereating,feelinganofheavinessinthearmsandlegsandbeing

ealsomorelikelytofeeldepresdintheeveningand

herformsofdepression,however,yourmood

mightbeworinthemorningandyoumightfeeltheneedforlesssleepthanyouarenormally

udto.

Sohowcantheybreakthiscircle?Astartingpointneedstobeknownthatthiscondition

actuallyexistsandthatit'enwestopignoringourproblemsbecauwethink

they'canfindpurpo

bytgthatour

livesmatterisfinallywhatgivesuspurpoandmeaning—andthiscanmakeasignificant

differenceforourmentalhealthandwell-being.

（1）Whatdoweknowaboutpeoplesufferingsmilingdepression?

edifficulttogetalongwith.

themcommitsuicide.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"atypical"inparagraph2mean?

（3）Comparedwithsmilingdepression,peoplesufferingotherdepressions.

lsleepless

redepresdintheevening

edofheavinessinthearms

morefood

（4）Whatcanwedotoovercomesmilingdepression?

alkaboutsmilingdepressionandignoreitxistence.

heconditionandpayattentiontoourlves.

heimportanceofourlifeandenjoyit.

ttheproblemandplaceitontosomebodyel.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“微笑抑郁”这个名字的来历，相关的症状，

以及克服这种抑郁症的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Inshort,theyoftenputonamasktotheoutsideworld

,however,theyoftenfeelhopelessand

down,sometimevenhavingthoughtsaboutendingitall.”可知有这种症状的人总是表现出正

常的一面，而事实上他们的内心很失落和绝望，有时甚至想要结束生命。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Itcanbeveryhardtospotpeoplesufferingdepression

becautheymayemliketheydon'thaveareasontobesad—theyhaveajob,anapartment

andmaybeevenchildrenorapartner.”可知这种症状很难被发现，因为患者表面上过着正常

的生活，故推测划线部分的意思事“难以发现的/隐藏的”。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Withotherformsofdepression,however,yourmood

mightbeworinthemorningandyoumightfeeltheneedforlesssleepthanyouarenormally

udto.”可知有其它抑郁症状的人会在早上感觉情绪低落，和平时相比睡觉更少。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Feelingthatourlivesmatterisfinallywhatgivesus

purpoandmeaning—andthiscanmakeasignificantdifferenceforourmentalhealthand

well-being.”可知感觉我们的生活的重要性，这最终给了我们目标和意义ーー这对我们的心

理健康和幸福感会产生重大影响。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测和两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生

需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

31．阅读理解

ItookajourneytoNewYork,

eatenthusiasmandhighhopes,andI

wasn'tletdown.

It'gatpeopleof

differentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,I

couldn'verunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSso

clearlyandclolybefore.

grated(融入)intotheforestofconcrete

andcement(混凝土和水泥).WewavedtotheStatueofLiberty;welookeddownatthebusy

islandofManhattan;welookedatwell-knownuniversities—HarvardofancientEgypt.

Thenwevisitedsomewell-knownuniversity—Harvard,Yale,PrincetonandColumbia—each

talltheuniversitieshaveincommon

presdbythe

libraries,decoratedjustlikecathedrals(教堂),

dreamistoreturntothoplacesasaninternationalstudent.

Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityof

tsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandshare

theiropinionsaboutglobalissues.

Asanon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.

ButitwasalsoararechangetoimprovemyEnglishandIcouldn'

ghIdidn't

winanyawards,thechairmanpraidmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.

Thatmademefeelreallyproud.

Thistripbroughtmeunforgettableandvaluableexperiencesthatwillbenefitmeforever.

（1）Whatisthemainpurpooftheauthor'sgoingtoAmerica?

tsomewell-knownuniversities.

nabouttheculturaldiversitythere.

（2）Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhe/shesawtheculturaldiversityoftheUS?

ent.

（3）Whatistheauthor'swishinthefuture?

morecountriesintheworld.

yinthefamousuniversitiesinAmerica.

（4）Whydidtheauthorfeelproud?

nawardinthecompetition.

raidbythechairman.

dpersuadeotherstoaccepthisopinions.

dspeakEnglishwellattheconference.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去美国参加在一所大学里举行的比赛，对美国

文化的多元化感到惊讶。作者虽然没有获奖，但他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。作者最大的

愿望是在美国大学里学习。

（1）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnited

tsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactas

UnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues.”和倒数第一段中的“As

anon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.”可知，

作者来美国的目的是为了在一所大学参加比赛。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalities

passingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.I

hadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandclolybefore.”可知，作者

看到美国文化的多元化时感到惊讶。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Mydreamistoreturntothoplacesasan

internationalstudent.”可知，作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairman

demefeelreally

proud.”可知，他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

32．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

DevonGallagher,acollegegraduatefromPhiladelphia,wantstheworldtoknowexactlywhere

she'sbeenwhileshe'veler,whowasborn

withabonedia,hadherrightlegamputated(截肢)ghthe

amputationcaudinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowesitasnothingshortof

inspirationforlivingherbestlife.

herhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofher

travelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(地理位置标签),shewritesher

locationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture.

NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanal

inAmsterdamrelaxingonawalloverlookingthecityofBarcelona,posingwithawafflein

Brusls,takinginthebeautifulParthenontempleinAthensandenjoyingariverrideinBudapest,

allwiththewell-knownlocationswrittenonherartificialleg.

"Ihadasudden

thoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,

butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."

Gallaghersaidpeopleoftenstarewhenshe'swritingonherleg,butonceshesharesthe

photos,shereceivesonlypositivefeedback(反馈),"Myleghasn'tstoppedmefromdoing

anythingI'vewantedtodo,"shesaid."Idon'tknowifit'smydeterminationtoprovetomylf

thatIcandoit,anyway,I'vebeenabletokeepupwithpeopleatmyageandleadaprettygreat

life."

Gallagh

lifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart.

（1）WhatmessagedidGallapherwanttospreadinherspecialway?

oyshertravellingacrosstheglobe.

ferslittlefromherleg'samputation.

ksonhermisfortuneasanotherformofblessing.

exactlyfalleninlovewithpostingphotosonline.

（2）Whatdoestheword"which"underlinedinparagraph3referto?

ation

（3）Gallaphercanbestbedescribedas________.

lyandgenerous

ndentandnsible

（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

alArtificialLeg

her'sSummerHolidays

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】DevonGallagher小时因病右腿截肢，尽管有很多不便，但她认为这可以

激励她过上最好的生活。长大后Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并

没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置。她的故事告诉我们不要

让任何东西挡住通往梦想的道路。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Althoughtheamputationcaudinconveniencefor

Gallagherearlyon,shenowesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.。尽管截

肢早期给她带来了很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活。由此可知Gallagher

想以她独特的方式表明她把自己的不幸看做是另一种幸运的形式，故选C。

（2）推理判断题。NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowher

cyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawall…现在她在整个大陆拍照，应该是这些

照片展示了…所以which指代的是她拍的照片，故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"

Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughtitwas

greatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."Gallagher说她妈妈和外婆都不喜欢她chalk-board的主

意，但她的朋友喜欢，让她去试试，所以她就去了，可知Gallagher很有决心。根据第二

段herhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofher

travelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(地理位置标签),shewritesher

locationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture。Gallagher把她的位置写在假肢上来和大

家分享可知他是一个很有创造性的人，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。最后一段Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart。是本文的主题

句，根据文章内容可知本文主要描述的是截肢的Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行

的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置的故事。

这篇文章是想通过Gallagher的一条假肢，传达出一种乐观向上的生活态度，故ASpecial

ArtificialLeg是最好的标题。故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，

细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文以及分析特殊句式，推断

出需要的信息；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

33．阅读理解

Abra(胸罩)

turntequila(龙舌兰)intodiamonds?Thearejustsomeofthethemesforthisyear'sIgNobel

prizes—winnersare...

ThechemistryprizewenttoJavierMoralesfromtheNationalUniversityofMexicoforhis

apressurecontainertodothis.

ThepublichealthprizewasawardedtoElenaBodnarofIllinois,forpatentingabrathatcanbe

changedintoapairofgasmasks.“ItwasinspiredbytheChernobylnuclearaccident,"saidBodnar,

whoisoriginallyfromtheUkraine.

ThephysicsprizewasawardedtoKatherineWhitcomeattheUniversityofCincinnatiand

okedintothequestionofwhypregnantwomendon'tfallover.

Theveterinary(兽医的)medicineprizewasawardedtoCatherineDouglasandPeterRowlinson

ofNewcastleUniversity'earchshowedthatgivingcowsnames

suchasDaisyincreastheirmilkproduction."It'sthehighlightofmycareer,'saidDouglas.

"Theworkamudthepublic,butitalsoaddresdariousproblemaboutthewelfareof

animals.

ThepeaceprizewenttoStephanBolligerandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofBernin

dexperimentstodiscoverwhetherit'smorepainfultohitsomeoneonthe

headwithafullbeerbottleoranemptyone.'Emptybeerbottlesarestrongerthanfullones,'the

rearchersreported.

AndtheeconomicsprizewenttotheofficialsoffourIcelandicbanks(Kaupthingbank

Landsbanki,GlitnirbankandCentralBankofIceland)fordemonstratingthattinybankscanbe

rapidlytransformedintohugebanks,andviceversa.

It'snicetothinkthatthisamazingrearchisgettingtheattentionitderves!

（1）WhatprizedidJavierMoraleswin?

mistryprize.

sicsprize.

lichealthprize.

nomicsprize.

（2）WhywasthepublichealthprizeawardedtoElenaBodnar?

ehegotinspirationfromthenuclearaccident.

eheknewhowtochangetequilaintodiamonds.

ehepatentedabrathatcanbeudasagasmask.

ehefoundoutwhypregnantwomendon'tfallover.

（3）AccordingtoParagraph5,whatwillhappenwhencowsgetnames?

llproducemoremilk.

llgrowmorequickly.

licwillfeelamud.

usproblemwillbecomeamusing.

（4）Howdidpeoplefeeltheveterinarymedicineprize?

ng.

g.

ointing.

ing.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，搞笑诺贝尔奖是世界上最不寻常的科学颁奖典礼，

并介绍了一些搞笑的诺贝尔奖项。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ThechemistryprizewenttoJavierMorales.（化学奖

颁给了JavierMorales。）”可知JavierMorales赢得了化学奖。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thepublic"healthprizewasawardedtoElenaBodnar

ofIllinois,forpatentingabrathatcanbechangedintoapairofgasmasks.”公共健康奖授予伊利

诺伊州的ElenaBodnar，以表彰她发明了一种可以变成防毒面具的胸罩。可知,ElenaBodnar

被授予公共卫生奖是因为她发现胸罩能被用做防毒面具并获得了专利。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Theirrearchshowedthatgivingcowsnamessuchas

Daisyincreastheirmilkproduction.”他们的研究表明，给奶牛起Daisy这样的名字可以增加

它们的产奶量。可知,给牛起名字会增加牛奶的产量。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“Theworkamudthepublic,butitalsoaddresda

riousproblemaboutthewelfareofanimals”可知,人们认为兽医医学奖很有趣。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

34．阅读理解

Google'snewcamera,calledClips,isasmall,swithacathathasaclip

(夹子),butit'terestingly,itusartificial

intelligencetotakephotographyoutofyourhandssoitcancapturemomentsonitsown.

Thisroughly2-inchby2-inchcamera,withathree-hourbatterylifeandGorillaGlassfor

toughness,isintendedforcandidmoments,likewhenachilddoessomethingcutethatmay

happentooquicklyforyoutopulloutyoursmartphone.

OnboardtheClipsdevice,itusmachinelearningalgorithms(计算程序)tohelpcapture

lgorithmsincludefacerecognition."Onceitlearnsthatthere'safaceyoue

frequently,it'lltrytogetnicephotosofthofaces,"saidJustonPayne,thedevice'sproduct

yalsowantittorecognizefacialexpressions,whichinvolved"trainingitto

knowwhathappinesslookslike".TheGoogleteamalsotrainedittorecognizewhatnotto

shoot—likewhenachild'shandisoverthelens,orifitistosdinadarkpur.

Theonlywaytoetheimagesisbyconnectingthecamerawithyourphone,asithasno

screenforviewingorediting.

Werepeopleconcerneditcouldemstrange?Yes,ysaidthey

lightonthefrontsignalsthatitison.

Besides,unlikeacamerameanttomonitoryourhome,itisnotconnectedtotheInternet.

"Thisproductisonlypossiblebecauofthewaythatsiliconhasadvanced"Paynesaid,noting

thatitwasonlyinthepastyearorsothattheycouldsqueezethetechnologydownintoadevice

orward,we'relikelytogetmoreassistancefromtheartificialintelligencepacked

intoourappsandgadgets.

（1）WhatisthemostoutstandingfeatureofClips?

leasyInternetaccess.

ewornonyourclothing.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"candid"inParagraph2mean?

assing.

（3）WhatmakesClipsarealityaccordingtoJustonPayne?

ularityoftheInternet.

anceintechnology.

eofthesmartphoneindustry.

uctioninthepriceoflens.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

gitalCamerafromGoogle.

getsintheAgeofApps.

cialIntelligenceinEverydayLife.

rnativeWaytoPhotograph.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了谷歌公司推出的一款叫Clips的新相机。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Mostinterestingly,itusartificialintelligencetotake

photographyoutofyourhandssoitcancapturemomentsonitsown.“最有趣的是，它利用人

工智能摄影解放你的双手，由人工智能自动捕捉瞬间，可知，新相机Clips可以自动捕捉瞬

间，不需要人们动手。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”likewhenachilddoessomethingcutethatmay

happentooquicklyforyoutopulloutyoursmartphone.“比如孩子做了一些可爱的事情，你可

能来不及拿出智能手机。可知，candidmoments意为“短暂”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"‘Thisproductisonlypossiblebecauoftheway

thatsiliconhasadvanced’Paynesaid,notingthatitwasonlyinthepastyearorsothattheycould

squeezethetechnologydownintoadevicethissize.”佩恩说:“这种产品之所以成为可能，是因

为硅的发展方式。”他指出，只是在过去一年左右的时间里，他们才能够将这种技术应用到

这种尺寸的设备上）可推知，新相机Clips能够制作出来是由于技术的进步和发展。故选

B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Google'snewcamera,calledClips,isasmall,smart

device.”谷歌的新相机名为Clips，是一款小型智能设备，及下文对这款相机的介绍可知，本

文主要介绍了谷歌公司推出的一款叫Clips的新相机，并对照相机的各种功能和使用进行了

介绍。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

35．阅读理解

Anewstudyhasfoundthatcatscanconnectwithpeopleinthesamewayasdogsandchildren.

Therearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,suggeststhesocialabilitiesofcatstoformhuman

dynotesthatmorecatslivewithhumans

torically,morescientificrearchhascenteredonthesocial

relationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.

Therearchersdesignedexperimentssimilartomethodsudtomeasurehumanattachment

mple,otherstudieshaveobrvedhowbabiesreacttobeingreunitedwith

caregiversafterbeingparatedforshortperiods.

avioroftheanimalswasobrvedbyexpertswhodivided

themintotwogroups.64percentwerejudgedtobe"curelyattached"tocaregivers,while36

percentwerefoundtobe"incurelyattached."Thecatswithcureattachmentsshowed

veralsignsof"reducedstress"levels,atswerefoundtobemore

comfortableandeffectivelybalancedtheirattentionbetweenthepersonandtheirsurroundings.

However,ncluded

shakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstayingcompletelyawayfromthecaregiver.

Sheaddedthattheresultsshowedthatthelevelofcureandincureattachmentsincatsis

ns,rearchhasfoundthat65percentof

earchersalsowereinterestedin

findingoutifsocializationtrainingwouldchangetheresults.

Butafterasix-weektrainingprogramforthecats,therewerenomajordifferences."Oncean

attachmentstylehasbeenestablishedbetweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremain

relativelystableovertime,evenafteratrainingandsocializationintervention(干预),"Vitalesaid.

（1）Whatdoesthestudymentionedinthispassageshow?

'socialabilityislittlethoughtof.

vemoresociablepersonalitiesthancats.

ically,dogismuchsmarterthancats.

vebadsocialrelationshipswithdogs.

（2）Whatwillhappenifthecatsfeelunsafe?

egoingtoshaketheirtails.

elikelytobalancetheirattention.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

mentlevelinbabiesishigherthanincats.

ngprogramplaysanimportantroleintheresults.

chersfeelincurewhenexperimentingwithcats.

'shardtomakechangestoattachmentstylesbetweencatsandcaregivers.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的实验研究发现，猫能像小狗和婴儿那样和

人之间形成依恋关系，而且这种关系一旦形成就很难改变。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Buthistorically,morescientificrearchhascentered

onthesocialrelationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.”可知，历史上更多的科学研究集中在狗

和人的社会关系上，由此推测猫和人的社交关系很少有人考虑到。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“However,thecatswithanincureattachment

ncludedshakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstaying

completelyawayfromthecaregiver.“可知没有安全感的猫会表现出明显的压力迹象，包括摇

尾巴，不停舔舐或远离看护人员。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Onceanattachmentstylehasbeenestablished

betweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremainrelativelystableovertime,evenaftera

trainingandsocializationintervention(干预),"Vitalesaid.可知猫对看护者的依恋模式一旦形

成，就相对稳定，即使通过训练和社会化干预也很难改变。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。