谓语英语

济南沃尔得国际英语

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25．S+LV+N（Johnwasaboy．）

约有40个系动词可用名词或代词作补语：

a．Hewasateacher．Itwashisbook．Thatishe（orhim）．

ItwasI（orme）．Iammyownman．

Hefeltafool（oraking，achildagain，amillionaire，afreeman

again）．

Hebecameadoctor．Hecommenced（archaic）writer（orcarpenter）．He

turned（ratherunexpectedly）thief（oroptimist，socialist，author，

tailor）．Theyturnedthief（orthieves）．Itgrewtobeabigtree．The

childhasgrowntobeman．Shegrewuptobeaprettygirl．（tobe常省略，可

参阅1440节）

Heturnedoutagooddoctor（orarobber）．Itturnedoutafoolishidea

（oraneffectivemeasure）．Itwillturnoutadream．Heloomedupa

horriblefigure．Heprovedathief（oragoodfather）．Itprovedan

effectivemeasure．Itprovedagreatsuccess（orabadproject）．Cf．1441

b．Heremainedabachelor．Theycontinuedgoodfriends．

Shewillstayawidowfortherestofherlife．Thecarestsamystery．

Cf．1442

Helooked（sometimeslookedtobe）afool（ordaggers，compassion，the

doctorthathewas）．Myhutlooksawreck（orapalacetome）．Hedoesnot

lookhimlf．Heappearedathief．Heemedagoodboy．Itsoundsagood

plan（ornonn）．Itloomedafearfulfigure．

Hefellapreytoatiger（oravictimtohisownfolly，asacrificeto

yourscheme）．

c．Shestoodapeonyandwalkedalily．Hestoodgodfathertome（or

ntinel，sponsor）．Hestoodagiant（ormyfriend）．Hepodthetallest

ofthemall．Hesatthereaguest．Hewentanenemyandreturnedafriend．We

partedthebestfriends．Hecameoutadifferentman．Hecameoffalor（or

awinner，againer）．Heemergedavictor．Hediedasaint（orabeggar，a

bachelor，aprisoner）．Helivedalonelyman（orabachelor）．Hecamehome

amillionaire．Hereturnedasadderandawirman．Heleftschoolagood

scientist．Hedidcookanddidhost．Heplayedtruant（orthefool）．He

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actedbestmanforme．Sheactedhostess．HewentcabinboytoSingapore．He

wentapprenticetoatrade．Hewillgobail（orcurity）forthat（orfor

John）．（在很多句子中，动词和其后面的名词之间可以插入“as'）Cf．1444

d．Itmeanthappiness（orloss）．Liquormeansdeath．Itspeltruin（or

death，disaster）．AequalsB．Twoandfourmakesix．Hewillmakeagood

teacher．Theplacemakesaheaven．Johnmadeone（orthefifth）ofthe

company．Sevendaysconstituteaweek．Heconstitutesaburdenonthe

family．

Didhelook（orem，remain）ascholar？Helooked（oremed，remained）

so（=ascholar）．IamnotaslavebutIfeelso（=aslave）．

Hedecidedtobeascientist，andhebecomesso（=ascientist）．

“muchof（或somewhatof，littleof…）+名词”可以用作补语：

Heismuchofagentleman（oralawyer，arascal）．（=Heisquitea

gentleman，…）

Heissomewhatofapolitician．（=Heisinsomedegreeapolitician．）

Helooksmoreof（a）gentlemanthan（a）rogue．

Hebecamelessofagentlemanthanarogue．

Heinoughofaphilosophertokeepcold．

一个抽象名词或具体名词用在具体主语后时，有时和一个由形容词表示的补语意思相

近，若和all或一些其他特别词连用，则表示“极大程度”：

a．Heisallmirth，allconfusion，allattention，allkindness，all

anxiety，allastonishment，alllife，alldignity，allwisdom，all

politeness，allgratitute，allachesandpains，allairsandgraces，alltalk

andnodeed．（=Heixtremelymerry，extremelyconfud，…）

Sheisalltears，allthumbs，allsmiles，alleyes，allears，allskinand

bones，alllegsandbreasts（=extremelysad，extremelyclumsy，extremely

cheerful，extremelyattentive，…）

Heisallboy（orallfarmer）（=showingallcharacteristicsofa

boy，…）

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Thechestisall（=fullof）preciousbooks（ordiamonds）．

Heisthepicture（ormodel，image，pattern，epitome，paragon）ofwisdom．

Heisthespirit（orsoul，esnce，crystalization）ofhonour（or

meanness，lfishness）．

Hebecamecrueltyitlf（orincarnate，embodied，personified，

crystalized）．

b．Johnisimmenfun（=fulloffun）．

Mystudioischaos．

Lifeisallglamour．

Ishegoodpay（=financiallyreliable）？

Whisperingisbadmanners（orgoodfun）．

Thisntenceisbadgrammar（=grammaticallywrong）．

Johnisgood（orpoor）company（=friendlyorunfriendly）．

Icouldbemorehelp．

Thisisnomatter（=unimportant）．

Thistruckisnou（=uless）．

Thnovelisnineteenthcentury．

OurpartyisMondaynight．

Thiscarisagreencolour（=green），anAmericanmake．

Whatyearisyourcar？

Thetwoshirtsarethesamesize，butdifferentshapes．

Whatdirectionisthepostoffice？

Mypenistwodollars．

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Shedoesn'slookherage．

Wearethesameage，butyoudon'tlookyourthirtyyears．Cf．1455

普通名词、集体名词、物质名词也偶尔用作带形容词意义的补语。注意它们前面常常

不加冠词：

c．Heisfool（orrogue）（=foolishorroguish）（普通名词）enoughtosay

that．

Heisgentlemanenoughtostandfirm．

Hebecamefullymasterof（=proficientin）mathematics．

Heisrightwing（集体名词）

Histasteismiddle-class．

TheclergymanischurchofEngland．

JohnisCambridgeUniversity．

Thiswatchisgold（物质名词）．

Mydressissilk．

TheimageisplasterofParis．

ThispoemisShakespeare（专有名词）．

26．S+LV+AP（Johnwasin．）

只有be可以用地点副词作补语，其他系动词很少这样用。在这里地点副词起形容词

的作用，往往不表示地点而表示别的东西：

a．Somebodywasabout（=near）．Hewillbeabout（=active）againafterhe

leavesthehospital．Heisnowup（orout）andabout（oraround）（＝active

afteranillness）．Lotsofbooksareabout（=available）inthiscity．

Influenzaisabout（=hereandthere）inthisarea，Heisnotabout（=very

unwilling）（美语）toadmithisfault．

b．Hehasbeenaround（=issophisticated）．

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c．Thehammerisaway（=putaway）inthebox．

d．Nobodywasby（=near）．Noneofhisrelativesareclo（ornear）by．

e．Heisnotyetdown（＝Hehasnotyetdresdandcomedownstairs）．

Thetideisdown（=out）．Heisdownwith（＝illinbedwith）acold．The

riverisdown．Thesun（orThemoon）isdown．Thetyreisdown（=flat）．The

rate（orTheprice，Hertemperature）isdown（=hasbecomelower）．Heems

terriblydown（=depresd）abouthisdefeat．Heappearsdownandout

（=utterlydefeated，inverybadcircumstances）．Heisdowninthemouth（＝

sad）．Heisdowntotwodollars（=hasonlytwodollarsleft）．Sheisdown

for（=ontheprogramfor）asong．Hewillbedownon（=lookdownon）mefor

thismistake．Hewasdown（=failed）intheexam．Yourwordsaredown（＝

written）inthecontract．

f．Heishomefromschool．Theyarebackbysix．

g．Ishein（=athomeorintheoffice）？Isthetrain（orthesteamer）

in（=arrived）？Orangesarenowin（inason）．Summerisin（＝come）．He

hasbeenin（＝inoffice，inpower）fortwoyears．Ashortskirtisin（=in

fashion）．Thericecropis［safely］in（＝hasbeenreaped）．Applications

shouldbein（=received）byMay3．I'minfor（=willjoin）thecontest．We

areinfor（=willsuffer）apunishment．

h．Imustbeoff（＝go）now．Thetrainisoff（=hasstarted）．Thechurch

ismilesoff（=away）．Christmasisnotfaroff．Theelectricity（orThe

water，Thegas）isoff（=noton，nomoreavailable）．Thisgiftarticlewas

off（＝nomoreavailable）monthsago．Themeeting（orThepicnic，The

engagement）isoff（=cancelled）．Heiswell（orbadly，ill）off（=ingood

［orbad］circumstances）．Mywatchisoff（=wrong）．Hishatandovercoat

wereoff（=hadbeentakenoff）．Thislampis30percentoff（=offits

regularprice）．Themeatisoff（=nolongerfresh）．I'moff（=freefrom

regularwork）today．

i．Thewater（orTheelectricity，Thelight，Thetap，Theradio）ison（＝

running，functioning，inaction）．Thebattle（orTherain，Theshow）is

on；（＝goingon）．Whatison（=happening）inthestreet？Whatison（=on

thepro-gram）atPalace？Hishatison（=onhishead）．Hiscaison（=

beingconsidered）．Dinnerison（=rved）fromsixtoten．Allpasngers

areon（＝inthevehicle）．

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f．Mybrotherisout（=notin，notathome）．Themanagerisout（＝notin

theoffice）．Thecretisout（=hasbecomeknown）．Thelatestnumberof

themagazineisout（＝published）today．Theresultsareout（=havebeenpub-

lished）．Thestarsareout（=visible）．Mydaughterisal-readyout（=has

alreadybeenintroducedintosociety）．Thetideisout（=low）．Theflowers

areallout（=open）．Thewine（orthecup）isout（=finished）．Mypuris

out（=empty）．Thetermisout（=finished）．Theleaisout（=attheend

oftheterm）．Schoolisout（=over）．Ishallreturnbeforetheweekisout

（=finished）．Thecandle（orThefire）isout（=hasbeenextinguished）．The

RepublicanPartyisout（=notinpower）．Theroadisout（=impassable）due

tosnow．Someprisonersareout（=re-lead）．Thishairdohasbeenout

（=outoffashion）for5months．Thelabourersareout（=onstrike，outofa

job）．Myhandisout（=outofpractice）．Twoplayerswereout（=hadlost

therighttoplay）．Youareout（=wrong）inyourguess．Mywatchisten

minutesout（=toofastortooslow）．Theyareout（=atodds）witheach

other．

k．Thestorm（orTherain，Theshow，Thewar）wasover（=handed-

oppositetoon）．Itisallover（=allfinished）withme．Theteapartyis

nearlyover．Somefriendswereover（=camehere）yesterday．Somemoneyis

stillover（=remaining）．He'llbeover（=there）（口语体）atsix．

l．Heisnotatallthere（orhere）（=crazy）．（俚语）

m．Whenwillyoubethroughwith（=finish）mynovel？Iamthroughforthe

day（=havefinishedtoday'swork）．Igetthroughwithmyworkat6p．m．．

Heisthroughinpolitics（=Hispoliticallifeisfinished）．Iamthrough

withyou（=Ourfriendshipisnomore）．Youarethrough（=Telephone

connectionhasbeenmade）．

n．Themoon（orThesun）isup（=hasrin）．Prices（orSales）areup

（=havebecomehigher）．Aquestionisup（＝aris）．Hewasup（=didnot

sleep）allnight．Heisnotup（=hasnotleftbed）yet．Letusbeupand

doing（＝activeandbusy）．Thecountryisup（=rising）．Mybloodisup（＝

Iamangry）．Therebelswereup．Parliamentisup（＝nolongerin

ssion）．Yourchanceisup（＝finished）．Timeisup（=Theallotedtime

hasterminated）．Histime（orHisterm，Hisleave）isup．Whatisup（＝

happening）withyou．Itisallup（=allfinished，hopeless）withhim．He

emswellupin（=wellacquaintedwith）thissubject（orcurrentevents）．

Hewillbeup（＝gotoahigherplaceoralargecity）．Hewillbeupand

around（＝well）againsoon．Heisup（=ontrial）incourt．

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o．Heisalone（oraway，aloof，asleep，agape）．Itisashore（oraflame，

afloat，abloom）．（这些是作补语的形容词，前面带有前缀a-，有些并不是“地点”

副词。）

WereistheGreatWall？Whenisherwedding？Howareyou？（这里用疑问词作

补语）

27．S+LV+P．NorP．G（Johnwasinabadtemper．）

约有15个系动词可用介词短语作补语：

HeisinRoomSix．Theyhavebeenattheweddingparty．

Thebookemsaboutsomeformofrevolution．Myhouiswithoutwater．

Aretheyfororagainsttheproposal？IamfromTibet．

这些短语可能是通常在系动词后用的成语：

a．Hewasathand（oratwork）．

Hewasindebt（orinpower，inpain）．

Hewasonduty，（oronedge，onthephone）．

Hewasoutofoffice（oroutofwork）．

Hewasunderoxygen．

Hewasbeyondhimlfwithgrief．

Itwasbelowalevel（orbelowtheaverage）．

Itwasbeneathcontempt（orbeneathcriticism）．

Itwasbeyondrepair（orbeyondbelief）．

Itwasinblossom（orinfashion）．

Itwasonsale（oronice）．

Itwasoutofcontext．

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Itwasallovertheplace（ofItissimplyovermyhead）．

Itwaswithinone'sgrasp（orwithinsight）．

b．Ifeelathome（oroutofsorts，uptoit，atea）．

Ithasbecomeofnou．Theygrewatvariance（oroutoftemper）．

Heemedathiswit'nds．Thenewsemedoutofdoubt．Yourremark

appearedoutofplace．Heappearedoutofhismind．Heappearedjustoutof

school．

Helooksingoodhealth．Shedoesnotlookatea．Itlookedoutof

place．Itsmellsfish．Ittastesofonion．Theykeptintouchwithme．Our

worldremainsoutoforder．Thesituationcontinuedoutoftune．

Hewentoffhishead（oroutofhismind，intoecstasies）．Hestoodin

terror（orinawe，indreadofit，inmeedofit）．Ilayathismercy．The

cityliesinruins．

介词的宾语可以是一个动名词：

Thatislikethrowingpearlsbeforeswine．

Sheisnearcrying．

Itisworthdoing．

Sheisabovemarryingsuchaman．

Heisagainstdeclaringwar．

Heisforfightingtothelastman．

Heispastrelenting．

1455在系动词后，u，age，size，colour这类名词前的of常常省略：

Itisofnou（=uless）．Itisofeducationalinterest（=interesting

ineducation）．Itisofsomeconquence．Itisoflittlevalue．

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（Of）Whatageishe？Heis（of）yourage．Theyare（of）thesameage．

thesamex，thesametaste．Theyaresocietypeople，butnotourtype；We

arenotthatsort．

（Of）Whatsize（orshape，length，height）isIt？Theanimalisthesize

ofanox（ortheshapeofabird）．Thetwobuildingsarethesameheight．

Thestreetistherightwidth．Thebedisjustthelengthhelikes．Heisa

longfigure．Theroomisahundredfeetsquare．It'sgoodqualityandagood

design．

Whatcolouristhetable？Thetableisadarkyellow（orthecolourof

yourchairs）．

Whatpriceisthecar？（Cf．Howmuchisthecar？）Thecaristwenty

thousanddollars．

Whatweightisthepork？Theporkistwokilograms．

Whatuisthisstick？Thestickisnou．Thedogismuchrviceto

men．Whatgoodisthiscat？It'snogood．

Whatpartofspeechistheword“go”？

约有10个系动词可和名词连用，表示数目或尺寸。这些名词前可说省略了某些介词。

不过多数字典都认为这些动词是不及物动词（若真是不及物动词，它应可以独用，在它

后面不需加上日期，尺寸或重量的词。）：

Thejourneycoststendays（orfivethousanddollars）．

Theworkcostsalotofcare．

Thesugarweighsfivekilograms．

Thetablemeasurestwofeetinwidthandfourfeetinlength．

Thethermometerreads（orregisters，indicates）30℃．

Helooksonlytwentyyearsofage．

Hestoodfivefeet．

Therainfallaverages52inchesayear．

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Theworkersaverageeighthoursaday．

Thestudentstotaltwothousand．

Thetroopsnumberedtwentythousand．

28．S＋LV＋I（Johnwastocomeatsix．）

约有10个系动词可以用不定式作补语。

这些系动词中最重要的是be．

a．不定式可以用作名词型的补语，表示某个动作和抽象主语所指是同样东西：

Myaim（抽象主语）istoassistyou（orforhimtoleadahappylife，for

Marytogotocollege）．

Hisadviceisforyoutoadmityourmistakes（ortofighttothelast

man）．

OurdifficultywastomasterEnglishinayear（ortohavetosmileinthe

prenceofourbossallthetime）．

Toteachistolearn．Toboastistocheat．Toliveistosufferandto

struggleuntilourdeath．

b．不定式也可以用作形容词型的补语，表示主语的动作或品质。主语可以是抽象的

东西，也可以是具体的东西：

Thisbook（事物）istoberead（＝readable）bychildren．Thisherbisnot

tobeeaten（=edible）．Thehouistoprotectusfromrain，sunshineand

theft．Moneyistobespent．

We（人）aretogetmarriednextSunday．Maryistogotocollegenext

year．IamtoteachEnglishgrammar．Johnistodieat90．

Music（抽象名词）istoentertainandraiourspirit．Grammaristo

assistusinwritinggoodntences．Theworstistocome．

Heistoblame（＝tobeblamed）．Thehouistolet（=tobelet）．（有

被动意义。）

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在下面句子中有be以外的系动词，后面可跟不定式：

Thereportproves（orturnsout）tobetrue．Heprovedtoknowitall．

Thesituationappearstobeimproving．Itlookstobeeasy．

Theletteremedtohavebeentemperedwith．

Hecan'temtoe（=Heemsunabletoe）．

Hegrewtoknowtheworld．Hegrewtobelieveit．Hecametohateher（or

toknowher，tohearit，tobelieveit）．Thisplacehascometobeudasa

school．Heisgettingtobe（=isbecoming）anicefellow．Kimgottobe

（=became）well-known．

Thistheoryremainstobetested．Hecontinuestobefaithful．

Hestandsto（=issureto）win（orgain，lo）．

如果主语是不定式，或是补语很长，那么用不定式作补语比用动名词作补语更好一

些：

Hispurpoistodiscover（而不用discovering）whoisthemostfaithful

ofhisfriends．Hishabithasbeentoeatbreak-fastafterbrushinghis

teeth．

Torespectothersistoberespected（而不用beingrespected）．（=Ifyou

respectothers，youwillberespected．）Tokeepsilentistosaveplentyof

trouble．（=Ifyoukeepsilent，youwillsaveplentyoftrouble．）

29．S＋LV＋G（John'sproblemwashavingtodoitatonce．）

只有系动词be可以用动名词作补语：

Hisproblemwashavingtogetoveralltheobstacles．

Thatistellingalie．Thatwouldbegoingtoofar．

Myobjectiveisfinishingtheworkassoonaspossible．Myproblemwas

havingtogeteverythingreadybysix．Hisdistresswashavingtoomuchmoney

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andtoomanywives．Hisbadhabithasbeengettinguplate．Mymistakeis

studyingliterature．

Leavingalargefortunetochildrenincouragingthemtobegood-for-

things．（如果主语是动名词，则用动名词作补语，比用不定式作补语时多。）

Savingishaving．

Seeingisbelieving．

注：在这类句子中，主语必须是抽象名词或动名词，be表示主语和补语是指同样东

西。但在Johnisstudying．Thewindisblowing．Thestoryisinteresting．This

childischarming．这类句子中，动词的-ing形式表示主语的动作或特点，因此是谓语

动词或是分词，而不是动名词。外形相似，但意义不同。

30．S＋LV＋That-Cl（John'sproblemwasthathehadtodoitatonce．）

在所有系动词中只有be能用that引起的从句作补语：

Hisproblemwasthathehadtogetovertheobstacles．

Thechancesarethathewillfail．Hisorderisthatevery-bodyshould

comeatven．

NotthatshelovesBob，butthatshelovessociety．（=Itisnotthat…but

itisthat…）

It'snotsomuchthatIloverherasthatshelovesme．

See和appear可用来代替be，但只能在主语为it时这样用：

Itemed（=orappeared）thathewasright．（=Theap-pearancewasthat

hewasright．）

31．S＋LV＋W-ClorW-I（John'sproblemwaswhatheshouldstudyorwhat

tostudy．）

在所有系动词中只有be能用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作补语：

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That（orThis）iswhyIhavecome（orwhyIworry）．

Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart．

Ourproblemiswhattodo，wheretogo，howtobegin．

Ourquestionishowcanwestopthisbloodshedandwhenshallwelivea

peacefullife？（注意主语前的助动词和句末的问号）

MyquestioniswhattodoafterIamgraduated．

32．S＋LV．A．P．＋NorG或

S＋LV．PrP．P＋NorG或

S＋LV．PaP．P＋NorG（Johnwasafraidofdogs．）

约有30个系动词跟有一个形容词（或分词）及一个合适的介词，在语法上等于一个及

物动词。有时甚至可以找出意思与这种动词短语意思相近的单一及物动词。

Be是这类系动词中最重要的一个：

a．Heisconsciousof[orisaliveto]（＝knows）（LV．A．P）hissituation

（orbeingsuspected）．Heisshortof（＝lacks）money．Johnisdesirousof

（＝desires）fame（orgoingabroad）．Thisissimilarto（＝rembles）that．

Sheisvoidof（＝hasno）commonn．Theyarefearfulof（=fear）rats（or

beingarched）．Sheisfondof（＝likes）flowers．Heisaverto

（=dislikes）tobacco（orhelpinganyone）．Hisfaceissuggestiveof

（=suggests）contempt．Heisfamousforhospitality．Heisattentivetothe

lecture．Thebooksarereadablebyyoungmenonly．Hiswritingsare

unintelligiblebycommonpeople．Hersingingwasaudiblebythefarthest

ats．Themovieinjoyablebyanybody．Heiqualtomeetinganycrisis．

Theywerebentondoingevil．Allthingsaresubjecttodecay．Iamsorryfor

him．Sheissoreatme．She'scuckooondress．

b．Thisstoryisinterestingto（=interests）（LV．PrP．P）everychild．

Themoviewasamusingto（=amud）theaudience．Hixpressionwaspleasing

to（=plead）hisfriends．Theresultisshockingto（=shocks）ourteam．

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c．Wateriscompodof（=compris）（LV．PaP．P）oxygenandhydrogen．He

ispleadwith（＝likes）mygift（orplayingwithchildren）．Johnwas

accustomed（orud）tocomfortablelife（orlivinginawarmclimate）．He

isreducedtopoverty（orbegging）．Johnisgiventoimtemperance（or

lying）．Hewasstarvedtodeath．Thisismadeofiron．Heisqualifiedfor

thejob（orteaching）．Heisinterestedinchickens（orkeepingducks）．He

istiedupinacrime．

一些其他系动词也可用于这种结构：

a．Hefelttiredoflife；emed（orappeared）astonishedatthenews．

Thingsemhardonme．

Hebecameconsciousofthedanger；gotmarriedtoher；grewintoxicated

withlove；wentdistractedwithgrief；fell（orcame）shortofhisduty；ran

shortofprovisions（orhands，goods）．Hisincomefellshortofthe

expenditure．Hisworkfellshortofthestandard（orourexpectation，the

requiredamount）．Hisspeechfellflatontheaudience．Thetaxfellheavy

onthetenants．Itcameright（oreasy，natural，wrong，ill）tome．Theship

gotorran，fell）fouloftherocks（orajunk）．Thewingmachineproved

（orturnedout）ufultoourfamily．

b．Heremainedignorantoftherioussituation．Thepack-ageremains

untouchedbyanyone．Thelibrarystaysopentothepublic．Hekeptalooffrom

others．ShestayskeenonDavid，ateachershemetfiveyearsago．Youmay

restcertainofhissupport（orobtainingwhatyouwant）．

Itsmells（ortastes，looks）badtohim，butgoodtome．Thestatement

soundsfunnytous．

Hestoodmutewithrage．Theburdensatlight（oreasy）onme．Thecustom

passcurrentamongmountaineers．Theremarkspasdunnoticedbyall

prent．Shefoughtshyofhim（orcannedfood）．

Hemademerryoveranother'smishap．Imustmakesureofhisaddress．He

makesfreewithmymoney．Theymadereadyforthefight．

注：某些名词，例如enemy，可以用作形容词：

Heisanenemy（=aver）tofalhood．Heisafriendto（=fondof）

literature．Hemaybemasterof（=proficientin）thissubject．

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33．S＋LV．P．N．P＋NorG（Johnwasinfearofdeath．）

约有5个系动词（特别是be）可以和介词、名词和介词构成成语。这种成语在语法上

相当于一个单一的及物动词，可以用名词、代词或动名词作宾语：

a．Wewereatwarwith（=fought）them．Hewasattheheadof（＝headed）

theprocession．Heisathomein（＝knows）English．Gamblingisatthe

bottomof（=caus）allevils．Heemsatalossforwords．

Theygrewatvariancewithus．Theyareatpeacewithus．Heremainsat

thezenithofhisfame．

Thissubjectisbeyondthereachof（=exceeds）myknowledge．

Heappearedbesidehimlfwithjoy（orpraisinghim-lf）．

b．Theadventurerisinthedangerof（＝risks）losinghislife．Heisin

afairwayto（＝approaches）success（orbeingpromoted）．Maryisinthe

moodformusic（orlisteningtomusic）．Heisintherviceof（=rves）

Dr．Johnson．Heisincommandof（=commands）5000men．Sheisinthefirst

blushofyouth．Heisinpartner-shipwithsomefriends．Itisaccordance

withtherules．Thedocumentsareinthehandsofajeweller．Heisincharge

ofthislibrary．Thebookisinprocessofpublication．

c．Heisonavisitto（=isvisiting）Japan．Theywereonanexpeditionto

theNorthPole．Theyareonthetrackof（＝arepursuing）acriminal．Iam

onthelookoutfor（＝amfinding）ajob．Hewasonthebrinkof（=was

nearing）death．Heisonthehighroadtobeingpromoted．Heisonthepoint

ofmovingtoanotherplace．

Itisoutofkeepingwith（=violates）hiswords．Hebecameoutoffavour

withher．Hegrowsoutoftouchwiththetimes．Thissubjectgoesoutofthe

sphereofscience．

Thisiswithinthereachofordinarymen．Heiswithinaninchof

destruction．

34．S＋LV．A＋I或

S＋LV．PaP＋I（Johnwasanxioustostudy．）

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一个系动词加上一个表示意愿的形容词（或过去分词）可构成动词短语，如果后面跟

一个不定式（作宾语），这个短语在语法上也相当于一个及物动词。约有10个系动词可

以这样用：

Heisanxious（orconcerned）（=longs）togoabroad．

Theyareimpatient（oreager，keen）（＝eagerlywish）togetmarried．

Heisdispod（ordesirous，inclined）（=likes）tofight．

Afterlivingabroadforthirtyyears，sheisdyingtoeherfatherland．

Heemsdetermined（ordecided，resolved）todivorceher．

Heisready（orprompt）tohelpthepoor．

Hegrowsinterestedtogetrich．

Heappearswilling（orcontent，ready，prepared）toworkhard．

Weareapt（orliable）tocriticizeothers．

Afterthreemonthsofillness，heremainsambitioustostandfirstinthe

class．

Hefeltafraidtodisturbhisboss．

Attheageoften，hebecamecurioustoknowaboutx．

Davidisgoing（=intends）tostudyelectronics．

Weareagreed（=haveagreed）towaitande．

Heisallwild（orcrazy，dying，burning）（=ferventlywishes）toowna

motorcycle．

Heisunwilling（oraver，loath，reluctant）（=refus）tohelpanyone．

这样用的不定式可有一个意思上的主语：

HeisanxiousforMarytostudyhard．=HeisanxiousthatMarystudy（or

shallstudyorshouldstudy）hard．

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Heiagerforhisstudentstopasstheexamination．=Heiagerthat

hisstudentspass（orshallpassorshouldpass）theexamination．

Heiswillingforhisdaughtertomarryapoorscholar．

Iaminnohurryforyoutogetmarried．

Heispleadforyoutocomeover．

副词too可以放在上面提到的形容词前，意思和very相同。但Heistoo（=very）

anxioustospeak．和Heistooangrytospeak．不同，后者的意思是Heisso

angrythathecannotspeak．此外，alltoo，buttoo，onlytoo可用来代替too，

表示very，但意思更强一些。

35．S＋LV．A．＋that-Cl或

S＋LV．PaP＋that-Cl或

S＋LV．P．N．＋that-Cl（Johnwasafraidthathismotherwouldscold

him．）

一个系动词和一个表示精神作用的形容词（或过去分词）可构成动词短语，在语法上

相当于一个及物动词，后面可跟一个由that引起的从句作宾语。约有10个系动词能用在

这种短语中：

a．Iamsure（＝believe）thatheisathome．Hewasafraid（=feared）that

hewouldfail．Iamnotdoubtful（=don'tdoubt）thathewillsucceed．Heis

aware（＝knows）thatIcannothelphim．Iamglad（=rejoice）thatthewaris

over．Hebecameangrythatyoumadethesamemistake．Imadecertain（or

sure）thedoorwasclod．Heremains（orkeeps）confidentthathewill

win．Heisignorant（orconscious，nsible，happy，thankful，…）thatevery-

thingisOK．

b．HeisdeeplyinterestedthatI'llstudyinFrance．Heappeared（or

emed）surpridthatIsaid“no”．Hefelt（orgrew）worriedthatyou

didn'twrite．

c．I'mamazed（orshocked，annoyed，irritated，disappointed，disturbed，

upt）thatyoushouldrejectherlikethat．（在这类由that引起的从句中可用

should表示感情，有时有likethat，so这类词和它一起用。）

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I'mglad（orplead，grateful，satisfied）thatyoushouldreturnthe

moneysofast．

在书面语中的表示“不安”的词后，可用lest…should代替that…should：

Heisafraidlestsheshould（ormight）revealthecret．

Ifeltuneasylestsheshouldhaveanaccident．

Hewasimpatientlestheshouldbelate．

在和虚拟语气的动词一起用时，that可有if的意思：

Hewouldbehappythat（=if）youshouldfollowhisadvice．

Ishouldbeastonishedthat（＝if）youcouldwinthegame．1480由于“介词+

名词”有时相当于一个形容词，所以S＋LV．P．N＋that-Cl可以相当于S＋LV．A＋

that-Cl。和S＋LV．P．N．P＋N一样，这种句型本可构成另一句型，但由于例句较少，

为了处理上的方便，在这里一道处理：

Heisundertheapprehension（=isapprehensive）thatagreatwarwill

breakout．

Heisinhopes（＝ishopeful）thatyouwillrecoververysoon．

Iamindread（=amafraid）thathewillfail．

Hewasinfear（＝wasafraid）lestsheshouldbekilled．

Iamofopinionthateverymanisagoodman．

Heisundertheimpressionthatyourfamilyisveryhappy．

That常可省略，特别是在一些常用形容词后的that从句中：

Iamgladyouhavecome．

Areyouafraidhewillbeangry？

I'msorryyouarehurt．

Sheissurehewillcome．

在形容词（或分词）和that从句之间不要插入介词：

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Heisafraidofthathismotherwillscoldhim．（错句）

IamsorryforthatIhavemadethesamemistake．（错句）

36．S＋LV．A．（P）＋W-ClorW-I或

S＋LV．PaP．（P）＋W-ClorW-I或

S＋LV．P．N．（P）＋W-ClorW-I（Johnwasdoubtfulwhetherhewould

succeedorwhattodonext．）

由系动词加表示精神作用的形容词（或副词）和介词构成的短语，如果用一个由疑问

词引起的从句或不定式作宾语，它在语法上也相当于一个及物动词。约有10个系动词可

用在这种短语中。介词常常省略掉（可参阅1478，1482节）

a．Heisnotsure（of）whetheryouwillsucceed．Iamforgetful（of）what

Ihavedone．Heappeared（oremed）afraid（of）whatyouwoulddo．Igrow

doubtful（of）whethershelikesme．Hebecameaware（of）howyoutreated

him．Heemsignorant（of）whoishisfather．Hefeltsurprid（at）why

Wangwaskilled．Becareful（of）howyouwritetoher．Heemedreckless

（of）whatwouldhappen．Heremainscurious（about）whysheneglectshim．I

amamazed（at）howhehassucceeded．Heisindifferent（to）whatyousaid．I

amnotcertain（of）whenthisoughttobedone．Hegrowsfussy（about）how

hismealsarecooked．

b．Heisnotsure（about）howtodoit．Heiscareful（of）whattosay．He

isnotsure（of）whethertoresignornot（=whetherheshouldresignor

not）．Iamforgetful（of）whattodo（=whatImustdo）．Igrowdoubtful

（of）wheretofindajob（=whereIcanfindajob）．Heemsignorant（of）

whentogobacktoschoolafterthevacation．Heisindifferent（to）what

foodtoeatandwhatworktodo．Hegrowsfussy（about）whattodrink．John

emspuzzled（about）whattosay．Heremaineddoubtful（of）wheretofinda

wife．Hegrewcurious（about）howtomakeatoy．

由于“介词+名词”有时在语法上相当于一个形容词，在本节中将LV．P．N和LV．A

合并处理可能是适当的（参阅1480）：

a．Heisindoubt（=isdoubtful）（asto）whatwecoulddo．Iamina

puzzle（=ampuzzled）（about）whatstepImusttake．Iamata（=am

puzzled）（about）howhedidit．Iamatmywit'nd（orinperplexity）

（about）whichwaytotake，whethertogetmarriedornot．

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b．Heisindoubtwhattodo．Iaminapuzzle（about）whatsteptotake．

Heisallata（about）howtobegin．Iamatmywit'nd（orin

perplexity，intwominds，inveralminds）（about）whichwaytotake，

whethertogetmarriedortocontinuemystudy．