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steal的过去分词

更新时间:2022-11-13 03:36:15 阅读: 评论:0

九年级数学期末考试-鼻子英语


2022年11月13日发(作者:摘一颗苹果 等你从门前经过)

动词过去式和过去分词法则

(一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词

一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如:

cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,put-put-put,cost-cost-cost,let-let-let,shut-shut-shut,t-t-t,hurt-h

urt-hurt,spread-spread-spread

特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别

是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:

come-came-come,become-became-become,run-ran-run,overcome-overcame-overcome

三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:

1.把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如:

lend-lent-lent,spend-spent-spent,nd-nt-nt

2.改变单词中间元音字母。如:

sit-sat-sat,win-won-won,shine-shone-shone,hold-held-held

3.以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:

keep-kept-kept,sleep-slept-slept,sweep-swept-swept

4.过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如:

buy-bought-bought,fight-fought-fought,think-thought-thought,bring-brought-brought,teac

h-taught-taught,catch-caught-caught

5.有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如:

say-said-said,lay-laid-laid,pay-paid-paid

6.另有一些其它形式的变化。如:

have-had-had,learn-learnt-learnt,leave-left-left,lo-lost-lost,make-made-made,meet-met-

met,feel-felt-felt

四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如:

五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过

去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:

blow-blew-blown,draw-drew-drawn,grow-grew-grown,throw-threw-thrown,know-knew

-known

六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:

ri-ro-rin,give-gave-given,take-took-taken,fall-fell-fallen,drive-drove-driven,eat-ate-

eaten

特殊:write-wrote-written,speak-spoke-spoken,ride-rode-ridden,get-got-gotten

(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1)规则变化

情况例词读音与说明

动词原形过去式过去分词

一般在动词原形后加-edlook

call

open

needlooked

called

opened

neededlooked[lukt]

called[kC:ld]

opened[5EupEnd]

needed[ni:did]①-ed在清辅音音素后

发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]

②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕

后发音为[id]

③但fix的过去式和过去

分词x不双写,为fixed.

以-e结尾的动词加-dmove

phone

hope

agreemoved

phoned

hoped

agreedmoved[mu:vd]

phoned[fEund]

hoped[hEupt]

agreed[E5^ri:d]

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,

再加-edstudy

carry

trystudied

studied

carriedstudied[5stQdid]

carried[5kArid]

tried[traid]

以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-edplay

enjoy

stayplayed

enjoyed

stayedplayed[pleid]

enjoyed[in5dVCid]

stayed[steid]

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop

plan

fitstopped

planned

fittedstopped[stCpt]

planned[plAnd]

fitted[5fitid]

以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,

再加-edprefer

referpreferred

referredpreferred[prI`f:d]

referred[ri5fE:]

2)不规则变化

英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。

1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

例:

原形过去式过去分词

cut(切)

hit(打)

cast(扔)

hurt(伤害)

put(放)

let(让)

shut(关)

cost(花费)

t(放)

rid(清除)cut

hit

cast

hurt

put

let

shut

cost

t

ridcut

hit

cast

hurt

put

let

shut

cost

t

rid

2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。

例:

原形过去式过去分词

find(找到)

pay(支付)

leave(离开)

lend(借出)

meet(遇见)

keep(保持)

lo(丢失)

teach(教)

sit(坐)

lead(引导)

win(赢)除)found

paid

left

lent

met

kept

lost

taught

sat

led

wonfound

paid

left

lent

met

kept

lost

taught

sat

led

won

3.动词原形与过去分词同形

例:

原形过去式过去分词

come(来)

run(跑)

become(成为)came

ran

becamecome

run

become

4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。

例:

原形过去式过去分词

give(给)

fly(飞)

drink(喝)

e(看见)

go(去)

know(知道)

wear(穿)

speak(说)gave

flew

drank

saw

went

knew

wore

spokegiven

flown

drunk

en

gone

known

worn

spoken

5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式

例:

原形过去式过去分词

burn(燃烧)burned

burntburned

burnt

learn(学习)learned

learntlearned

learnt

smell(闻)smelled

smeltsmelled

smelt

spell(拼写)spelled

speltspelled

spelt

shine(照射)shined

shoneshined

shone

leap(跳)leaped

leaptleaped

leapt

提示

的过去式与原形同形:

比:beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)

有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:lielied,lied(说谎)

lay,lain(躺,位于)

有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:hanghanged,hanged(处绞刑)

hung,hung(挂,吊)

e(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词

比:welcomewelcomed,welcomed(正)

welcome,welcome(误)

e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

比:hit(打)hit,hit(正)

hitted,hitted(误)

6现在分词的变化规则

规则动词原形现在分词及发音

一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为[iN]go

push

play

carrygoing[5^EuiN]

pushing[5puFiN]

playing[pleiiN]

carrying[5kAriiN]

以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingtake

write

leavetaking[5teikiN]

writing[5raitiN]

leaving[5li:viN]

重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读

闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop

stop

fit

begin

forgetcutting[5kQtiN]

stopping[5stCpiN]

fitting[5fitiN]

beginning[bi5^iniN]forgetting[fE5^etiN]

以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-inglie

die

tielying[5laiiN]

dying[5daiiN]

tying[5taiiN

(三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳

A.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.

cost----cost----costcut----cut----cutput----put----put

let----let----lett----t----thit----hit----hit

shut----shut----shuthurt---hurt----hurtread---read----read读音/e/

lie---lied---lied说谎lay---laid---laid放置,下蛋

lay---lain躺下,位于,平放

sdon’t_______eggsduringsuchcoldweather.

She_____herbooksonthetable.____

B.过去式与过去分词完全相同

1.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是〔:t〕

bright----brought----broughtthink----thought----thoughtbuy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caughtteach----taught----taught

2.动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。

get----got----gotll----sold----soldtell----told----told

3.动词原形中i为a,…sit----sat----satspit----spat----spat

4.动词原形中i为o,…win----won----wonshine----shone/shined----shone/shined

5.动词原形中an为

oo,…stand----stood---stoodunderstand----understood----understood

6.动词原形中的ay为ai,…say----said----saidpay----paid----paid

7.a)动词原形中的d为t,…nd----nt----ntlend----lent----lent

spend----spent----spentbuild----built----built

b)动词原形最后一个字母改为t,…smell----smelt----smeltlo----lost----lost

c)动词原形后加一个字母

t,…learn----learnt----learntmean----meant----meant读音/e/

d)动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然后在词尾加t.字母e发音/e/

feel----felt----feltsleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept

keep----kept-----kept

其它meet----met----methave----had----hadhold----held----held

make----made----madedig----dug----dughear----heard----heard

find----found----foundhang----hung----hung

C.原型与过去分词相同

come----came----comerun----ran----runbecome----became----become

D.原形,过去式,和过去分词完全不同

1.把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.

begin----began-----begundrink---drank----drunkring----rang-----rung

swim----swam----swumsing----sang----sung

2.把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.

blow----blew----blowngrow----grew----grownknow---knew---known

throw----threw----thrownfly----flew/flu:/----flown(和以上相似)

3.以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.

a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.

drive----drove----drivenri---ro---rinwrite---wrote---written(双写t)

ride----rode----ridden(双写d)

b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

speak----spoke----spokensteal----stole----stolenbreak----broke----broken

c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

wake----woke----wokenfreeze----froze----frozen

choo----cho----chonforget----forgot----forgotten(双写t,加en)

d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词

eat----ate----eatenbeat----beat----beatenfall----fell----fallen

give----gave----givene----saw----entake----took----taken

mistake----mistook-----mistakenhide----hid----hidden(双写d)

E.没有过去分词的动词

can-----could-may----might-shall----should-will----would-

其它

am,is----was-----beenare-----were-----beendo-----did-----done

draw-----drew-----drawn/:/go-----went-----goneshow----showed----shown

wear---wore----worn

不规则动词的过去式

不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它

们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:

1.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变.如:

become—became,come—came

2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:

begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam,sink—s

ank,

3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:

drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote

4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:

get—got,forget—forgot

5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:

keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept

6.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:

stand—stood,understand—understood

7.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。如:

draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)

8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:

break—broke,speak—spoke

9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:

ll—sold,tell—told

10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:

bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught

11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:

can—could,shall—should,will—would

12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:

hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:d〕,say〔i〕—said〔d〕,

mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕,dream—dreamt〔dremt〕

13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:

cut—cut,hit—hit,hurt—hurt,let—let,must—must,

put—put,read—read〔red〕,t—t

14.动词的过去式有两种形式。如:

dream—dreamed/dreamtlearn—learnt/learnedshine—shone/shined

smell—smelt/smelledwake—woke/waked

15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:

am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,

feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have/has—had,hide—hid,

hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lo—lost,make—made,may—

might,run—ran,e—saw,smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,

wear—wore

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