pertaining

医学英语词根词缀

SuffixMeaningExample

-acpertainingto

属于，关于

cardiac:pertainingtotheheart

心脏（病）的

-alpertainingtomedical:pertainingtomedicine

-arpertainingtomolecular:pertainingtoamolecule

分子的

-arypertainingto

belongingto

ciliary:pertainingtothecilia

睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-a

enzyme酶

amyla:anyenzymethatconvertsstarch

tosugar淀粉酶

-clesmallness

小,少,贫乏,小气

follicle:asmallbodilycavityorsac

小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e

aninstrument仪器

auriscope:aninstrumentforexaminingthe

ear(检查耳朵用的)耳镜

-ealpertainingtolaryngeal:pertainingtothelarynx

喉的,喉音的

-iacondition;quality

phobia:abnormalfear恐惧，害怕

-icpertainingtotoxic:pertainingtotoxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-icsstudyof;nameofascience

paediatrics:studyofchildren,their

developmentanddias儿科学

-ine/in

substance物质insulin：substance(hormone)producedby

theisletsofLangerhansinthepancreas

胰岛素

-ismprocessorconditionalcoholism:excessivedrinkingofalcohol

whichbecomesaddictive酒精中毒

-istonewhospecializesin

精通于……的人

pharmacologist:adoctorwhospecializesin

thestudyofdrugs药理专家

-itisinflammationreferstoapartin

……部位的炎症

rhinitis:inflammationofthenasalpassages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)umrelationtoawhole;relatedto

与……相关

endometrium:innerliningoftheuter子宫

内膜

-ivecharacterizesbyantitussive:adrugthatsuppress

coughing

止咳药

-lettiny;small

droplet:atinydrop小滴

-menttheresultorproductofanactiondevelopment:thingwhichdevelopsoris

beingdeveloped;actionofbecoming

mature

-oidrembling;likemucoid:remblingmucus

像粘液样的

-olelittle;small

centriole:thesmalldenstructureinthe

middleofthecentrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-omatumor;swellingreferstoadoerdermatofibroma:fibroustumoroftheskin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-ereitherapersonorthingreceptor:ansorynerveendingthat

respondstovariousstimuli感受器，受体

-orycharacterizedby;pertainingtosuspensory:whichishangingdown

悬吊式，悬带

-osugar

fructo:fruitssugarfoundinhoneyand

somefruit果糖

-osisabnormalconditiononychocryptosis:abnormalconditionofa

hiddennail嵌甲

-ouspertainingtopoisonous:pertainingtopoison;also

containingpoison有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somesbodies

ribosome:thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体

-umstructure;thing;substance

结构，物质

magnesium:awhitemetallicchemical

substance镁（金属元素）

-ycondition;act;process

dystrophy:disordercaudbydefective

nutritionormetabolism营养不良

Thefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyudcompoundsuffixes

SuffixMeaningExample

-algiapain;painful;condition

arthralgia:paininajoint关节痛

--aenzyme

protea:digestiveenzyme蛋白酶

-blast

embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast:blastcell血胚细胞，原始

血细胞

-carcinomamalignanttumordeveloping

fromconnectivetissue相关组

织的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma:malignanttumor

developingfromglandulartissue腺癌

-cele

protrusion;distention突出；膨

胀，延伸

esophagocele:abnormaldistentionofthe

esophagus食管突出

-centesis

surgicalpuncture手术穿孔

paracentesis:surgicalpunctureofacavity

fortheaspirationoffluid穿刺术

-capnia

carbondioxide二氧化碳acapnia:abnceofcarbondioxide血液二

氧化碳缺乏

-cidekillgermicide:(substance)whichcankillgerms

杀菌剂

-clastcell

phagocyte:cell,especiallyawhiteblood

cell,whichcansurroundanddestroyother

cells噬菌细胞

-dyniapain

glossodynia:paininthetongue舌痛

-ectasia/

-ectasis

expansion;dilation(膨胀，扩

张)

atelectasis:incompleteexpansionofthe

lungsatbirth肺不张

-ectomysurgicalexcisionorremovalof

gastrectomy:surgicalremovalofthe

stomach胃切除术

-edema

excessiveaccumulationof

rousfluid水肿

myxoedema:conditioncaudwhenthe

thyroidglanddoesnotproduceenough

thyroidhormone粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿

-emiabloodcondition

leukemia:anyofveralmalignantdias

whereanabnormalnumberofleucocytes

formintheblood白血病

-emesis

vomiting呕吐

hematemesis:thevomitingofblood咯血；

吐血

-gensomethingthatproducedor

prouduces

pathogen:amicroorganismoragent

capableofproducingdia病菌，病原体

-genesis

production生产

spermatogenesis:formationand

developmentofspermatozoainthetestes

精子发生

-globin

protein蛋白质

hemoglobin:aniron-containingprotein

producedbyerythrocytes血红素

-gnosisknowledge

diagnosis:theprocessofidentifyingthe

natureorprenceofadiathrough

knowledgeandexamination

-gramimage;picture

electrocardiogram:agraphicrecordofthe

electricalactivityofheartmuscleor

heartbeatudinthediagnosisofheart

dia.

gram

心电图

-graph(y)processofrecording

记录过程

electocardiography:theprocessofmaking

.

cardiography心电图记录

-iasiscondition;state

情况，状况

cholelithiasis:theformationofgallstones

胆石症

-iatry/

-iatrics

healing,frequentlyreferstoa

branchofmedicine康复，常

指医学的一个分支

podiatry:treatmentoffootdisorders

足部医疗

-lithstonecholelith:agallstone;astoneformedinthe

gallbladder胆结石

-logythestudyof

cytology:thesciencestudyofcells细胞学

-logistonewhostudiesandtreatsurologist:aphysicianwhospecializesinthe

practiceofurology泌尿科医生

-lysisbreakdown,destruction

hemolysis:thedestructionorbreakdownof

redbloodcellswithreleaofhemoglobin

溶血

-malaciasoftening

osteomalacia:softeningofbone骨软化

-maniaextremecompulsionor

preoccupation强迫症

kleptomania:amorbid,uncontrollable

compulsiontosteal盗窃癖

-megalygiant

acromegaly:aconditioninwhichthereis

anenlargementofthefacialbonesaswell

asthoofthelungs肢端肥大症

-metry/

-meter

measurement

spirometry:measurementofthevolumeof

airinhaledandexhaledortheaircapacity

ofthelungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定

(法)

-odyniapain

cardiodynia:painintheheartregion心痛，

胸痛

-one

hormone荷尔蒙，激素

parathormone:whichregulatescalcium

balanceamongtheblood,bones,andteeth

甲状旁腺激素

-opia

adefectintheeye眼睛的毛病myopia:beingshort-sighted近视

-opsytoview

biopsy:excisionoflivetissuefor

microscopicdiagnosis活检

-osis

morbidcondition病态的sclerosis:abnormalhardening硬化症

-osmiasmell

anosmia:lossofthenofsmell嗅觉丧

失

-ostomyprocessofmakinganopening

intooraconnectionbetween

造瘘

gastrostomy:surgicalconstructionofan

openingfromthesurfaceoftheabdomen

intothestomach胃造口术

-oxia

levelofoxygen氧水平

hypoxia:alowoxygenleveloralackof

oxygeninbodytissues组织缺氧

-pathydia;diadcondition

ophthalmopathy:anyeyedia眼病

-peniadeficiencyleukopenia:deficiencyofleukocytesinthe

ytopenia白细胞减少症

-pepsiadigestion

eupepsia:gooddigestion消化良好

--pexyafixingorttingfirmlyin

placebysuturing缝合固定

hepatopexy:surgicalfixationofadisplace

liver肝固定术

-phagia/pha

gy

eating;swallowing吃，吞咽dysphagia:difficultyinswallowing吞咽困

难

-phil

attraction吸引，具有吸引力的

事物

basophil:typeofleucocyteorwhiteblood

cellwhichcontainsgranules嗜碱性粒细胞

-phobiafear

xenophobia:irrationalfearofstrangers对

外国人的恐惧，憎恶

-plasiaformation;developmenthyperplasia:overdevelopmentor

enlargementofanorganortissue增生，数

量型肥大

-phoniavoice

dysphonia:difficultyinspeaking发声困难

-plasm

formation;growthor

substanceofformation

cytoplasm:jellysubstanceinthecell细胞

浆

-plastysurgicalrepair

osteoplasty:surgicalrepairofthebone骨

整形术，骨成形术

--plegia

stroke;paralysis中风thermoplegia:heatorsunsrtoke热射病

-pneabreathing

eupnea:normalbreathing呼吸正常，平静

呼吸

--ptosisafalling,thedroppingor

saggingofanorgan器官下移

hepatoptosis:abnormallylowpositionof

theliver肝下垂

-ptysis

spitting分散

melanoptysis:spittingofthespleen黑色痰

液;咳黑痰

-poiesisproduction

hemopoiesis:productionofbloodcells造

血作用，生血作用

-rrhage/

burstingforthofblood出血

menorrhagia:veryheavybleedingduring

menstruation月经过多

-rrhagia

-rrhaphysurgicalwingorsuturing

splenorrhaphy:sutureofthespleen脾修补

术

-rrheaoverflow

hydrorrhea:waterydischarge液溢

-(o)rrhexis

splittingorrupture撕裂，破

裂，疝气

amniorrhexis:ruptureoftheamnioticac

羊膜破裂

-sarcomamalignanttumordeveloping

fromconnectivetissue

liposarcoma:malignanttumorcontaining

fat

脂肪肉瘤

-schesisaholdingback;suppressionof

discharge阻碍；抑制排放

uroschesis:suppressionofurine闭尿，尿潴

留

-sclerosisahardening

dermatosclerosis:hardeningoftheskin硬

皮病

-scopeinstrumentforviewing

stethoscope:aninstrumentforperforming

medicateausculation听诊器

-scopyprocessofexaminingvisually

hepatoscopy:examinationoftheliver肝检

查

-spasminvoluntarycontractionangiospasm:suddencontractionofthe

musclesinabloodvesl血管痉挛

-stasis

suppression;stoppage;control;

arrest抑制，中止

hemostasis:thearrestofbleeding

止血，止血法

-stenosisabnormalnarrowingofaduct

orcanal管、道德异常狭窄

laryngostenosis:abnormalnarrowingofthe

larynx喉狭窄

-stomysurgicalopeningtotheoutside

ofthebody造口

colostomy:surgicaloperationtomakean

openingfromthecolon结肠造口术

-tentionpressure

hypertention:highbloodpressure高血压

-therapytreatmentphysiotherapy:treatmentofdiaby

physicalmeans物理疗法

--tionprocesshospitalization:theprocessofbeing

hosipitalized住院

-tocia

labor;birth生产embryotocia:abortion流产

-tometoolforincisionarthrotome:instrumentforcuttingajoint

关节刀

-tomyprocessofcuttinginto

gastrotomy:incisionofthestomach胃切

开术

-tropia

turning转弯，变向esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视

-trophy

nourishmentordevelopment

ofanorgan器官的营养、发育

dystrophy:disordercaudbydefective

nutritionormetabolism营养不良

-uria

aconditionoftheurine（小便）dysuria:difficultlyinpassingurine排尿困

难

-versionturning

eversion:aturningoutward外翻，翻转

Hereisatableofthemostcommonlyudprefixes

PrefixMeaningExample

a-/an-without;notaphasia:theinabilitytounderstandwritten

orspokenwordsortospeakmeaningfully

失语症

ab-awayfrom

abortion:expulsionfromtheuterus流产

ad-to;toward;near

adnasal:neartheno近鼻的

acro-apointortip

acronyx:growingintotheflesh嵌甲

alb-whitealbino:apersonlackingnormal

pigmentation白发病者

amb-/

ambi-

both

ambixual、bixual:(person)whois

xuallyattractedtobothmalesand

famales双性恋

amphi-/

ampho-

both;bothsidesamphicentric:beginningandendinginthe

samevesl起止同源的血管

ana-up;backagain

anabolism:processofbuildingupcomplex

chemicalsubstancesonthebasisofsimpler

ones合成代谢

Angio-abloodvesl

angioma:benigntumorformedofblood

vesl血管瘤

ante-beforeantenatal:duringtheperiodbetween

conceptionandchildbirth出生前的，怀孕

期的

anti-againstantidepressant:(drug)udtotreat

depression抗抑郁剂

audi-hearing;sound

audiometry:scienceoftestinghearing听力

测定

auto-lf

autoantibody:antibodyformedtoattack

thebody’sowncells自身抗体

bi-two;twice

bicellular:twocells两室的

bio-

livingorganisms生命体

biochemistry:chemistrylivingtissues生物

化学

brady-slowbradycardia:slowrateofheartcontraction,

shownbyaslowpulrate心动过缓

carcin-

carcinomaorcancer癌；瘤carcinogen:acancer-causingsubstance致

癌物

cata-downwards;under;against;

alongwith

cataract:conditionwherethelensofthe

eyegraduallybecomeshardandopaque白

内障

centi-

onehundredth百分之一

centimeter:unitofmeasurementof

length(=onehundredthofameter)厘米

co(n)-withortogether

consanguineous:bloodrelationship血亲

的，血缘的，密切的

contra-againstcontraception:preventionofpregnancyby

usingdevicesordrugs避孕法，节育法

de-removalorloss

decaffeinated:(coffee)withthecaffeine

removed脱去咖啡因的

deca-ten

decagram:tengrams十克

deci-tenth

deciliter:unitofmeasurementof

liquid(=onetenthofalittle)1/10公升

di-two

diglossia:adoubletongue使用两种语言

dia-

through;between;apart;

across

diathermy:processof(treating)through

heat

透热疗法

dis-reversalorparate

disintegrate:tocometopieces分解，破裂

dys-bad;difficult;disordereddysarthrosis:deformityormalformationof

ajoint关节变形

echo-sound

echocardiography:ultrasonographyofthe

heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术

ect-/

ecto-

outsideorouterecchondroma:benigntumoronthesurface

ofcartilageorbone外生软骨瘤

en-in;within

enostosis:benigngrowthinsideabone内

生骨疣

endo-inside

endocardium:membranewhichlinesthe

heart心内膜

epi-on;over

epidermis:outerlayerofskin表皮

ery-red

erythrocyte:maturenon-nucleatedred

bloodcell红细胞

eso-

inward;within(向内)esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视

eu-good

eugenics:studyofhowtoimprovethe

humanracebygeneticlection优生学

ex-/exo-outof

exhale:tobreathout呼出

extra-outside

extracapsular:outsideacapsule囊外的

hemi-halfhemiplegia:vereparalysisaffectingone

sideofthebody偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydro-waterhydrocele:collectionofwateryliquidfound

inacavitysuchasthescrotum阴囊积水

hyper-higherortoomuchhyperglycaemia:excessofglucointhe

blood高血糖症

hypo-lessortoolittle

hypokalaemia:deficiencyofpotassiumin

theblood低血钾

in-inorintoinbreeding:breedingbetweenacloly

relatedmaleandfemale近亲交配

in-notincoherent:notabletospeakinaway

whichmakesn语无伦次

infra-beloworbeneath

infrapatellar:beloworbeneaththepatella

髌

inter-between

interlobular:betweenlobules小叶间的

intra-inside

intramedullary:insidethebonemarrowor

spinalcord髓内

itro-intointrovert:personwhothinksonlyabout

himlfandhisownmentalstate性格内向

的人

mal-badorabnormalmalfunction:abnormalworkingofanargan

机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

meta-changesmetaplasia:changeofonetissuetoanother

化生，转化，组织变形

micro-verysmall

microcyte:abnormallysmallredbloodcell

小红细胞

mid-middlemidcarpal:betweenthetworowsofcarpal

bones腕骨间的

milli-onethousandthmilligram:unitofmeasurementofweight

毫克

mis-errororwrong

miscarriage:spontaneousabortion流产

multi-manymultigravida:awomanwhoispregnantand

hasbeenpregnantatleasttwicebefore经

产孕妇

noct-atnightnocturia:passingabnormallylargequantity

ofurinewhenasleepinbedatnight夜尿症

nona-nineorthenineth

nonagon:flatshapewhichhasninesides九

边形

octa-eight

octan:everyeightdays八日热；每隔八日

发一次的

odont-teethodontology:studyofteethandassociated

structures,andtheirdisorders

onco-tumours

oncology:scientificstudyofnewgowths肿

瘤学

oro-mouthorolingual:pertainingtothemouthand

tongue口与舌的

pachy-thickeningpachysomia:conditionwheresofttissuesof

thebodybecomeabnormallythick躯体肥

厚

pali-/

palin-

against;pathologicrepetition

病态的重复

palindromic:(dia)whichrecurs

复发的，再发的

pan-/pant-/

panto-

allpancytopenia:abnormaldepressionofall

thecellularelementsoftheblodd全血细

胞减少症

para-similartoornear;changedor

beyond

paralyorparalyze:toweaken(muscles)

sothattheycannotfunction使麻痹，使瘫

痪

pen-/

penta-

fivepentosuria:excretionofpentosinthe

urine

戊糖尿

per-throughpercutaneous:doneoradministered

throughtheskin经皮的，由皮的

peri-aroundpericystitis:inflammationoftissuearound

thebladder膀胱周炎

pero-

deformedordefective畸形有

缺陷的

peromelia:congenitaldeformityofthe

limbs

四肢不全

pharmaco-drugs

pharmacology:studyofdrugsormedicines,

andtheiraction,propertiesand

characteristics药理学，药物学

pleo-/

pleio-

toomany

pleokaryocyte:conditionwhereagreater

thannormalnumberofcellsin

cerebrospinalfluid多核细胞

pluri-more

pluriglandular:pertainingtooraffecting

veralglands多线性的

pneum-/airorthelungs;breathingpneumonia:inflammationofalung

pneunmo-

肺炎

poly-touchingmanyorgans

polyphagia:conditionwhereapatienteats

toomuch;morbiddesireforeverykingof

food多食症，杂食症

post-afterorlater

postprandial:afterameal餐后的

pre-beforeofinfrontofpremature:earlyorbeforethenormaltime

过早的，早产

presby-oldage

presbyopia:anoldperson’ssightfails

gradually老花眼

pro-/

supin-/

pron-

beforeorinfrontof

lyingontheback

bendforward

prognosis:predictionoftheoutcomeofa

dia预测；预后

quadri-/

quint-

four

five/fifth

quadrupletorquad:oneoffourbabies

borntoamotheratthesametime四胞胎

radio-rayorradiationradiotherapy:treatingadiaby

exposingtheaffectedparttoradioactive

放射疗法

mi-halfmiptosis:thedownwardsaggingofhalf

orpartofanorgan轻度睑下垂

sub-under

submucous:underthemucousmembrane

粘膜下层的；粘膜下的

super-above;extremelysuperalbuminosis:abnormalincreaof

albumin白蛋白过多

syn-with;jointsyndesmosis:jointwheretheonesare

tightlylinkedbyligaments韧带联合

supra-above;over

suprarenal:(situated)aboveakidney肾上

腺

tachy-fast

tachycardia:rapidbeatingoftheheart心

动过速

tetra-fourtetracycline:antibioticudtotreatawide

rangeofbacterialdias四环素

trans-across;through;beyondtransmission:thetransfer,asofadia,

fromonepersontoanother传染

tri-three

tricephalus:afetuswiththreeheads三头

畸胎

ultra-beyond;excessultrasonics:thesciencedealingwith

ultrasonicsoundwaves超声波学

uni-one

uniglandular:affectingonlyonegland单

腺的

xen(o)-strange;foreign

xenograft:agraftoftissuetransplant

betweenanimalsofdifferentspecies异种

移植物