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heavy的副词

更新时间:2022-12-11 05:24:14 阅读: 评论:0

九上二次函数压轴题常见题型-莲叶郑谷


2022年12月11日发(作者:休眠火山)

Ⅰ.副词的一般特点

1副词是一个可以修饰a.动词,b.形容词,c.另一副词,d.介词,e.连

词,或f.整个句子的词。(黑体词为被修饰词)

a.Hearrivedlate.Hestudieshard.

b.Heisveryhonest.Hehasaratherdifficultproblem.

c.Hearrivedtoolate.Hestudiesveryhard.

d.Hestartedlongafterme.ShesatjustbehindJohn.

e.HearrivedlongafterIdid.Shefellilljustbecausheworked

toohard.

f.Luckilyhesucceeded.Economically,Africaisunderdeveloped.

2副词放在以下位置:a.放在所修饰词前面,b.紧跟所修饰词,c.放在

最前头,d.放在最后头:

a.Itisfairlyeasy.Heoftencamehere.

b.Johnwillcomesoon.Waithereplea.

c.YesterdayJohn'sfathersuddenlycamehere.Outside.peoplefrom

thevillagewerequarrelling.

d.Hewenttoavillagefarawayfromthecityyesterday.

Hehastoldmeallaboutthismatterbefore.

3根据词义,副词可以分为下面几类:a.时间副词,b.地点副词,c.方

式副词,d.程度副词,及e.(不)肯定副词:

a.Hedidyesterday.Hewasfrequentlyfailed.

b.Johnsleepshere.Marywentabroad.Letusclimbup.

c.Hesleptsoundly.Heranfast.Wewaitedpatiently.

d.Heixtremelycruel.Johnwalkedtoofast.

e.Certainlyhewillreturn.Hewillprobablyletmeknow.

4副词和形容词一样可有等级。a.单音节词,以加-er和-est的方式构成

比较级及最高级,b.以-ly结尾的副词,以加more和most的方式构成比较级

和最高级。c.还有少数不规则的比较形式:

原级比较级最高级

____________

a.nearnearernearest

fastfasterfastest

b.quicklymorequicklymostquickly

steadilymoresteadilymoststeadily

cleverlymorecleverlymostcleverly

c.ill,badlyworworst

wellbetterbest

farfartherfarthest

muchmoremost

littlelessleast

A.副词的普通用法

51.几乎所有副词可以用来修饰动词:

Hediedhere.(地点)

Hediedyesterday.(时间)

Hediedsuddenly(方式)

Henearly(程度)died.

Hehasprobably(肯定性)died.

62.程度副词可用来修饰下面的词:a.形容词,b.另一副词,c.间或

修饰动词:

a.Heisrathersilly.Thehouisverydark.Hehasanextremely

difficultproblem.

b.HeranmuchfasterthanI.HespeaksEnglishfluentlyenough.He

workstoohard.

c.Helovesherverymuch.Ilittleknowthatsheishissister.

方式副词也可用来表示程度,修饰形容词(d)或副词(e):

d.Heisdreadfullysad.Maryisremarkablysimple.Sheislamentably

poor.Heiscomfortablywarm.

e.Herantolerablyfast.HewritesimmeasurablybetterthanI.We

havewaitedterriblylong.Hereadincrediblyfast.

注:出于语音上的考虑,副词及所修饰的副词不能同时都以-ly结尾,避免

说Heworksterriblyslowly.(但可说He'sterriblyslow.)

73.表示a.程度,b.时间,或c.地点的副词可以用来修饰介词:

a.Heismuchagainstmyproposal.

Hefailedentirelythroughhisownfault.

Hearrivedexactlyatfiveo'clock.

hesatjustbehindme.

b.Hecamesoonafternoon.

Heleftlongbeforethewar.

c.Helivesfarbeyondthatpagoda.

Hestoodclobesideme.

Itisnear(orhard)bythebridge.

84.表示a.程度,或b.时间的副词可用来修饰连词:

a.Hefellillpartlybecauheworkedtoohard.

Hemetherexactlywhenshewasangry.

b.Hegotmarriedlongbeforehewasgraduated.

Hediedsoonafterhegotsick.

95.表示a.肯定程度,及b.方式的副词可以用来修饰整个句子:

a.Hewillsurelysucceed.

Surelyhewillsucceed.

Hewillprobablycome.

Wemustpositivelygetthelicen.

Yes,Ican.No.Ican't.

b.Happily,hewaspardoned.

Luckily,hehastriedhisbestandsucceeded.

B.副词的特殊用法

106.少数副词可用来修饰名词。在这样用时,它们通常放在所修饰名词

的前面:

Heisquiteahero(=quiteheroic).

Heisregardedasratherafool(=ratherfoolish).

Heisalmostachild(=almostchildish).

OnlyWangstudiedEnglishlastyear.(Nootherstudentsstudied.)

WangstudiedonlyEnglishlastyear.(notanyotherlanguage)

(Even和almost的作用和only相同)

11有些副词(多为地点副词)在修饰名词时,可以看作一个压缩的形容词

从句(即定语从句):

Hewaitedatthebridgethere(=thatlaythere).

Helookedatthelampavove.

Hislifeabroad(=whichwasspentabroad)washard.

Thethenking(=kingthatreignedthen)wascruel.

Theabovestatementisfal.

Theuptrain(=trainthatgoesup)comesatven.

Hewenttoafarcountry.

12副词有时用在两个名词当中:

Latinwords,namelytechnicalterms,oftenkeeptheiroriginalplural

form.

Mrfriends,especiallyMary,areveryyoung.

13有时副词出现在with和一名词中间:

Hecameherewithsometimeshisson,sometimeshisdaughter.

Hetriedagainwithscarcelyahopeofsuccess.

Theroomwasoutoforder,withherebooks,therepapers.

Wetalkedinthehou,withfrequentlyroaringsofgunscomingfrom

afar.

147.When,where,why和how可用来引起问句,也可同时用作副词和连

词,也就是说,用作“关系副词”(RelativeAdverbs):

Whendidyougetmarried?Whenshallwefightnomore?

Wheredidyoufirsteher?WherecouldIfindajob?

Whydoapplesfallfromthetrees?Whycan'twelivelonger?Howcan

youdothat?HowcanIstaysingle?

IstillrememberthedaywhenIgotmarried.Tellmethemonthwhen

youleave.

Thisistheplacewherehedied.Theschoolwherehestudiesisnot

faraway.

Idonotknowthereasonwhyhesaidthat.Thecauwhyhewaskilled

isunknown.

Thisis(theway)howtheymakemoney.Thisisalwaysthemanner

(how)youtreatme.

Ⅲ.副词构成法

151.有些副词为简单副词(不带词尾):

often,out,quite,soon,home,back,there,thus,ldom,ever

162.有些副词,特别是地点副词及时间副词,常常以加词尾的方式构成:

-ly(=every):yearly,monthly,daily,fortnightly

-ward(s)(=toward):backward(s),leftward(s),upward(s),

homeward(s),eastward(s),onward(s),inward(s)

-wi,-ways:lengthwi,clockwi,likewi,otherwi;always,

lengthways,sideways-long:headlong-ling(s):sideling(s)

-s:upstairs,outdoors,sometimes,nowadays,needs或在一些单音节

词前加词头或其他简单字:

a-:along,away,abroad,apart,aside,adraft,aloud,ashore,across,

above

be-:before,below,beneath,besides

介词:inside,overboard,uphill,beforehand,today

there-:therein(=inthat),thereafter,thereby,thereof,therewith,

ect.(陈旧用法)

here-:herein(=inthis),hereafter,hereby,hereof,herewith,etc.(陈

旧用法)

where-:wherein(=inwhatorwhich),whereon,whereby,whereof,

wherewith,ect.(陈旧用法)

173.绝大多数副词都由形容词以下述3种方式构成:

a.大多数方式副词,都在形容词后加-ly构成。注意拼法:

形容词副词形容

词副词

gladgladlymournful

mournfully

happyhappilyheavy

heavily

jollyjollilysilly

sillily

shyshylydry

dryly

duedulytrue

truly

ableablyprobable

probably

dulldullyfull

fully

vilevilelysole

solely

despoticdespoticallyidiomatic

idiomatically

publicpublicly(例外情况)

ill-naturedill-naturedlykind-hearted

kind-heartedly

provokingprovokinglycharming

charmingly

falteringfalteringlylingering

lingeringly

(书面语)

mistakenmistakenlyhidden

hiddenly

markedmarkedlyundisguid

undisguidly

(书面语)

但是:friendly(形容词)—inafriendlyway;manly(形容词)—ina

manlymanner;kingly(形容词)—inakinglymanner.

和形容词一样,以-ingly或-edly结尾的副词,也有激起感情及感受情绪的

差别,但用得比较少,如:

激起情绪感受情

HespeaksamusinglyWelisten

amudly.

Theflowersbloomdelightfully.Wewatchthemde

-ligtedly

Hebehavesdisgustingly.Weleft

disgustedly.

Thefightgoesonexcitingly.Welookon

excitedly.

b.有少数副词和形容词形式相同:

Hecameinthelateafternoon.(形容词)

Hearrivedlate.(副词)

Hehaswaitedforalongtime.(形容词)

Hehaswaitedsolong.(副词)

另一些与形容词同形的副词有:

early,fast,far,near,well,ill,high,low,much,lit-tle,only,

enough,hard,straight,right,wrong,left,east,west

在口语中有些形容词直接用作副词:

Itismightygood.

Iamdeadtired.

Thesoupisprecioushot.

Heisterriblerude.

c.有些单音节形容词有两个副词形式,一个带-ly,一个不带,意思不相同:

Wemustbuycheap(=atalowprice).Wegotoffcheaply(=easily).

Heliveshigh(=luxuriously).Hespokehighly(=well)ofme.

Hecamenear.Henearly(=almost)died.

Heplayedfoul.Hewasfoullymurdered.

IloveMarymost.Theyaremostlycrazy.

184.有少数副词与指示代词同形:

Hehassome(=about)fiftypounds.

Itsomething(=somewhat)astonishedme.

Icarenothing(=notatall)foryourthreat.

Canyouwaitany(=inanyway)more?Ican'twaitanymore.

Isleptnone(=never).Ipasdthenightnonetoocom-fortably.

Isitthat(=so)easy?

Heisall(=entirely)alone.

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