Ⅰ.副词的一般特点
1副词是一个可以修饰a.动词,b.形容词,c.另一副词,d.介词,e.连
词,或f.整个句子的词。(黑体词为被修饰词)
a.Hearrivedlate.Hestudieshard.
b.Heisveryhonest.Hehasaratherdifficultproblem.
c.Hearrivedtoolate.Hestudiesveryhard.
d.Hestartedlongafterme.ShesatjustbehindJohn.
e.HearrivedlongafterIdid.Shefellilljustbecausheworked
toohard.
f.Luckilyhesucceeded.Economically,Africaisunderdeveloped.
2副词放在以下位置:a.放在所修饰词前面,b.紧跟所修饰词,c.放在
最前头,d.放在最后头:
a.Itisfairlyeasy.Heoftencamehere.
b.Johnwillcomesoon.Waithereplea.
c.YesterdayJohn'sfathersuddenlycamehere.Outside.peoplefrom
thevillagewerequarrelling.
d.Hewenttoavillagefarawayfromthecityyesterday.
Hehastoldmeallaboutthismatterbefore.
3根据词义,副词可以分为下面几类:a.时间副词,b.地点副词,c.方
式副词,d.程度副词,及e.(不)肯定副词:
a.Hedidyesterday.Hewasfrequentlyfailed.
b.Johnsleepshere.Marywentabroad.Letusclimbup.
c.Hesleptsoundly.Heranfast.Wewaitedpatiently.
d.Heixtremelycruel.Johnwalkedtoofast.
e.Certainlyhewillreturn.Hewillprobablyletmeknow.
4副词和形容词一样可有等级。a.单音节词,以加-er和-est的方式构成
比较级及最高级,b.以-ly结尾的副词,以加more和most的方式构成比较级
和最高级。c.还有少数不规则的比较形式:
原级比较级最高级
____________
a.nearnearernearest
fastfasterfastest
b.quicklymorequicklymostquickly
steadilymoresteadilymoststeadily
cleverlymorecleverlymostcleverly
c.ill,badlyworworst
wellbetterbest
farfartherfarthest
muchmoremost
littlelessleast
A.副词的普通用法
51.几乎所有副词可以用来修饰动词:
Hediedhere.(地点)
Hediedyesterday.(时间)
Hediedsuddenly(方式)
Henearly(程度)died.
Hehasprobably(肯定性)died.
62.程度副词可用来修饰下面的词:a.形容词,b.另一副词,c.间或
修饰动词:
a.Heisrathersilly.Thehouisverydark.Hehasanextremely
difficultproblem.
b.HeranmuchfasterthanI.HespeaksEnglishfluentlyenough.He
workstoohard.
c.Helovesherverymuch.Ilittleknowthatsheishissister.
方式副词也可用来表示程度,修饰形容词(d)或副词(e):
d.Heisdreadfullysad.Maryisremarkablysimple.Sheislamentably
poor.Heiscomfortablywarm.
e.Herantolerablyfast.HewritesimmeasurablybetterthanI.We
havewaitedterriblylong.Hereadincrediblyfast.
注:出于语音上的考虑,副词及所修饰的副词不能同时都以-ly结尾,避免
说Heworksterriblyslowly.(但可说He'sterriblyslow.)
73.表示a.程度,b.时间,或c.地点的副词可以用来修饰介词:
a.Heismuchagainstmyproposal.
Hefailedentirelythroughhisownfault.
Hearrivedexactlyatfiveo'clock.
hesatjustbehindme.
b.Hecamesoonafternoon.
Heleftlongbeforethewar.
c.Helivesfarbeyondthatpagoda.
Hestoodclobesideme.
Itisnear(orhard)bythebridge.
84.表示a.程度,或b.时间的副词可用来修饰连词:
a.Hefellillpartlybecauheworkedtoohard.
Hemetherexactlywhenshewasangry.
b.Hegotmarriedlongbeforehewasgraduated.
Hediedsoonafterhegotsick.
95.表示a.肯定程度,及b.方式的副词可以用来修饰整个句子:
a.Hewillsurelysucceed.
Surelyhewillsucceed.
Hewillprobablycome.
Wemustpositivelygetthelicen.
Yes,Ican.No.Ican't.
b.Happily,hewaspardoned.
Luckily,hehastriedhisbestandsucceeded.
B.副词的特殊用法
106.少数副词可用来修饰名词。在这样用时,它们通常放在所修饰名词
的前面:
Heisquiteahero(=quiteheroic).
Heisregardedasratherafool(=ratherfoolish).
Heisalmostachild(=almostchildish).
OnlyWangstudiedEnglishlastyear.(Nootherstudentsstudied.)
WangstudiedonlyEnglishlastyear.(notanyotherlanguage)
(Even和almost的作用和only相同)
11有些副词(多为地点副词)在修饰名词时,可以看作一个压缩的形容词
从句(即定语从句):
Hewaitedatthebridgethere(=thatlaythere).
Helookedatthelampavove.
Hislifeabroad(=whichwasspentabroad)washard.
Thethenking(=kingthatreignedthen)wascruel.
Theabovestatementisfal.
Theuptrain(=trainthatgoesup)comesatven.
Hewenttoafarcountry.
12副词有时用在两个名词当中:
Latinwords,namelytechnicalterms,oftenkeeptheiroriginalplural
form.
Mrfriends,especiallyMary,areveryyoung.
13有时副词出现在with和一名词中间:
Hecameherewithsometimeshisson,sometimeshisdaughter.
Hetriedagainwithscarcelyahopeofsuccess.
Theroomwasoutoforder,withherebooks,therepapers.
Wetalkedinthehou,withfrequentlyroaringsofgunscomingfrom
afar.
147.When,where,why和how可用来引起问句,也可同时用作副词和连
词,也就是说,用作“关系副词”(RelativeAdverbs):
Whendidyougetmarried?Whenshallwefightnomore?
Wheredidyoufirsteher?WherecouldIfindajob?
Whydoapplesfallfromthetrees?Whycan'twelivelonger?Howcan
youdothat?HowcanIstaysingle?
IstillrememberthedaywhenIgotmarried.Tellmethemonthwhen
youleave.
Thisistheplacewherehedied.Theschoolwherehestudiesisnot
faraway.
Idonotknowthereasonwhyhesaidthat.Thecauwhyhewaskilled
isunknown.
Thisis(theway)howtheymakemoney.Thisisalwaysthemanner
(how)youtreatme.
Ⅲ.副词构成法
151.有些副词为简单副词(不带词尾):
often,out,quite,soon,home,back,there,thus,ldom,ever
162.有些副词,特别是地点副词及时间副词,常常以加词尾的方式构成:
-ly(=every):yearly,monthly,daily,fortnightly
-ward(s)(=toward):backward(s),leftward(s),upward(s),
homeward(s),eastward(s),onward(s),inward(s)
-wi,-ways:lengthwi,clockwi,likewi,otherwi;always,
lengthways,sideways-long:headlong-ling(s):sideling(s)
-s:upstairs,outdoors,sometimes,nowadays,needs或在一些单音节
词前加词头或其他简单字:
a-:along,away,abroad,apart,aside,adraft,aloud,ashore,across,
above
be-:before,below,beneath,besides
介词:inside,overboard,uphill,beforehand,today
there-:therein(=inthat),thereafter,thereby,thereof,therewith,
ect.(陈旧用法)
here-:herein(=inthis),hereafter,hereby,hereof,herewith,etc.(陈
旧用法)
where-:wherein(=inwhatorwhich),whereon,whereby,whereof,
wherewith,ect.(陈旧用法)
173.绝大多数副词都由形容词以下述3种方式构成:
a.大多数方式副词,都在形容词后加-ly构成。注意拼法:
形容词副词形容
词副词
gladgladlymournful
mournfully
happyhappilyheavy
heavily
jollyjollilysilly
sillily
shyshylydry
dryly
duedulytrue
truly
ableablyprobable
probably
dulldullyfull
fully
vilevilelysole
solely
despoticdespoticallyidiomatic
idiomatically
publicpublicly(例外情况)
ill-naturedill-naturedlykind-hearted
kind-heartedly
provokingprovokinglycharming
charmingly
falteringfalteringlylingering
lingeringly
(书面语)
mistakenmistakenlyhidden
hiddenly
markedmarkedlyundisguid
undisguidly
(书面语)
但是:friendly(形容词)—inafriendlyway;manly(形容词)—ina
manlymanner;kingly(形容词)—inakinglymanner.
和形容词一样,以-ingly或-edly结尾的副词,也有激起感情及感受情绪的
差别,但用得比较少,如:
激起情绪感受情
绪
HespeaksamusinglyWelisten
amudly.
Theflowersbloomdelightfully.Wewatchthemde
-ligtedly
Hebehavesdisgustingly.Weleft
disgustedly.
Thefightgoesonexcitingly.Welookon
excitedly.
b.有少数副词和形容词形式相同:
Hecameinthelateafternoon.(形容词)
Hearrivedlate.(副词)
Hehaswaitedforalongtime.(形容词)
Hehaswaitedsolong.(副词)
另一些与形容词同形的副词有:
early,fast,far,near,well,ill,high,low,much,lit-tle,only,
enough,hard,straight,right,wrong,left,east,west
在口语中有些形容词直接用作副词:
Itismightygood.
Iamdeadtired.
Thesoupisprecioushot.
Heisterriblerude.
c.有些单音节形容词有两个副词形式,一个带-ly,一个不带,意思不相同:
Wemustbuycheap(=atalowprice).Wegotoffcheaply(=easily).
Heliveshigh(=luxuriously).Hespokehighly(=well)ofme.
Hecamenear.Henearly(=almost)died.
Heplayedfoul.Hewasfoullymurdered.
IloveMarymost.Theyaremostlycrazy.
184.有少数副词与指示代词同形:
Hehassome(=about)fiftypounds.
Itsomething(=somewhat)astonishedme.
Icarenothing(=notatall)foryourthreat.
Canyouwaitany(=inanyway)more?Ican'twaitanymore.
Isleptnone(=never).Ipasdthenightnonetoocom-fortably.
Isitthat(=so)easy?
Heisall(=entirely)alone.
本文发布于:2022-12-11 05:24:14,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:http://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/88/83718.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论) |