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肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的讲解与练习
一.句子的种类
类别用法标点例句
陈述句
肯定
叙述一件事情或
说明说话人的看法.
Thisisabag.
That'smybook.
否定
Ican’teabagoverthere.
Idon'tknow.
疑问句
一般用于提出问题?
Areyouastudent?
Doyoulikepuppets?
CanyouspeakEnglish?
特殊用于提出问题?
What'syourname?
Where'smybag?
Howmanytreesarethere?
用于提出问题?
选择Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?
反意
用于提出问题?
It'safineday,isn'tit?
祈使句表示命令或请求、建议.或!
Putithere!
Lookatthenoticeboard.
感叹句
表示惊讶赞美愤怒
等强烈情感
!
Howsmart!
Gladtoeyou!
Whatanicepencilca!
一、be动词:am,is,are
二、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句定义
1.肯定句:表示肯定的意思,即不含有否定词“不”。
比如:我是一个学生Iamastudent.
他去上学Hegoestoschool.
2.否定句:表示否定的意思。
比如:我不是一个男孩。Iamnotaboy.
他不去上学Hedoesnotgotoschool.
3.一般疑问句:回答为“是yes”或者“否no”的问句。
比如:你是一个学生吗?Areyouastudent?
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你喜欢英语吗?DoyoulikeEnglish?
4.特殊疑问句:回答不是“是yes”或者“否no”的问句,根据提问内容具体回答。
比如:现在几点了?What’sthetime?
哪一支笔是你的?Whichisyourpen?
三、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换
有am,is,are的句子,
肯定句变否定句:在am,is,are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄。
肯定句变一般疑问句:把am,is,are提前放到句首并大写Am,Is,Are,其余照抄。
肯定句变特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问):分3步骤
第一步:先变一般疑问句。
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分。
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。
注意:1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是,如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,语序不变,
为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。
如:Liming''snotheretoday?今天谁没来?
2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
when什么时间(问时间)
who谁(问人)
who谁的问主人
where在哪里问地点
which哪一个问选择
why为什么问原因
what什么问东西
whattime什么时间问时间
whatcolour什么颜色问颜色
whatabout…怎么样问意见
whatday星期几问星期
whatdate什么日期问具体日期
whatplace什么地点问具体地址
how…怎么样问情况
howold多大问年龄
howmany多少问数量
howmuch多少问价钱
howabout…怎么样问意见
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howfar多远问路程
howlong多长问时间
Howsoon多快,多久问时间
Howoften多久问频率
例如:
1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换
肯定句:Thisisabook.
否定句:Thisisnotabook.
一般疑问句:Isthisabook?
肯定回答:Yes,itis.
否定回答:No,itisn’t.
2.就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)
Thisisabook.
第一步:变一般疑问句Isthisabook?
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词Isthiswhat?
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。Whatisthis?
没有am,is,are的句子,
肯定句变否定句:在主语后面加上donot或者doesnot,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形。
肯定句变一般疑问句:在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意:动词用原形。
肯定句变特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问):分3步骤。
第一步:先变一般疑问句。
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分。
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。
注意:1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是,如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,语序不变,为"特殊疑问词
(+主语)+陈述句"。
2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
非单三时用do,单三时用does。
非单三肯定句:IlikeEnglish.
一般疑问句:DoyoulikeEnglish?
否定句:IdonotlikeEnglish.
单三肯定句:HelikesEnglish.
一般疑问句:DoeshelikeEnglish?
否定句:HedoesnotlikeEnglish.
就划线部分提问:IlikeEnglish.
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第一步:先变一般疑问句DoyoulikeEnglish?
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Doyoulikewhat?
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。
Whatdoyoulike?
特殊:
变为any。如:
Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearen'tanybirdsinthetree.
但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:
Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something,somebody等也要进行相应变化。
变为or。如:
Ihaveaknifeandaruler.→Idon'thaveaknifeoraruler.
(=lotsof)变为many或much。如:
Theyhavealotoffriends.(可数名词)→Theydon'thavemanyfriends.
Thereislotsoforangeinthebottle.(不可数名词)→Thereisn'tmuchorangeinthebottle.
y变为yet。如:
Ihavebeentherealready.→Ihaven'tbeenthereyet.
特殊疑问句
一.特殊疑问句
单词意思用法
when什么时间问时间
who谁问人
who谁的问主人
where在哪里问地点
which哪一个问选择
why为什么问原因
what什么问东西
whattime什么时间问时间
whatcolour什么颜色问颜色
whatabout…怎么样问意见
whatday星期几问星期
whatdate什么日期问具体日期
whatfor为何目的问目的
how…怎么样问情况
howold多大问年龄
howmany多少问数量
howmuch多少问价钱
howabout…怎么样问意见
howfar多远问路程
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练一练
1、A:_______istheboyinblue?B:He’sMike.
2、A:_______walletisit?B:It’smine.
3、A:_______isthediary?B:It’sunderthechair.
4、A:_______istheChirstmasDay?B:It’sonthe25thofDecember.
5、A:_______aretheearphones?B:Theyare25yuan.
6、A:_______isthehairdryer?B:It’sblue.
7、A:_______isittoday?B:It’sSunday.
8、A:_______wasityesterday?B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.
9、A:_______thisredone?B:It’sbeautiful.
10、A:_______isitfromhere?B:It’sabouttwokilometreaway.
11、A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?
B:_______?A:Iwanttomakeakite.
12、A:_______oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?B:Theblueone.
13、A:_______isyourcousin?B:He’s15yearsold.
14、A:_______doyouhavedinner?B:At6o’clock
对划线部分提问。(把各句变为特殊疑问句)
1、对主语(人)提问:
unningnow?
2、对表语(人)提问:
HeisLily’e?
3、对介宾(人)提问:
helookingfor?
4、对动宾(人)提问:
ouoftenhelpwithEnglish?
5、对间宾(人)提问:
Katelendaballyesterday?
6、对主语(东西)提问:
Thebooksareonthedesk..Whatareonthedesk?
7、对表语(东西)提问:
ethe?
8、对动宾(东西)提问:
youwant?
9对职业(提问)提问:
theman?Whatdoesthemando?
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10.对介宾(东西)提问:
helookingfor?
11、对是什么提问:
It’it?
12、对计算结果提问:
sixandnine?
13、对年级提问:
I’adeareyouin?
14、对班级提问:
assisLiLeiin?
15、对年级和班级提问:
WeiHuaisinClassThreeGradeOne,WhatclassandgradeisWeihuain?
16、对排提问:
wareyouin?
注:1、对年级、班级、排提问时,问句中的in不能去掉.
2,what后的grade,class,row用小写形式.
3,what根据实际译为汉语.
17、对学号提问:
mberisLucy?WhatisLucy’snumber?
18、对后置定语提问:
pisthis?
19、对颜色提问:
loraretheflowers?
20、对几点几分提问:
It’meisit?What’sthetime?
21、对名字提问:
’syourname?
22、对前置定语提问:
pplesareyours?
ThebestoneisLily’neisLily’s?
23、对表语(名物代)提问:
sthecup?
24、对后置定语提问:
oyisyourbrother?
25、对后置定语提问:
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hirtdoyouwanttobuy?
26、对主语(名物代)提问:
sred?
27、对定语(形物代)提问:
ooksarethey?
28、对定语(名词所有格)提问:
ThisisLucyandLily’oomisthis?
29、对表语(名词所有格)提问:
ThiscupisKate’sthiscup?
30对身体提问:
I’mfine(well,OK,Allright.)Howareyou?
31、对年龄提问:
areyou?
32、对天气提问:
It’heweathertoday?=What’stheweatherliketoday?
33、对语言提问:
youspellit?
34、对方式提问:
Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.(bybus,bytrain,bybike···)Howdoyouoftengotoschool?
35、对程度提问:
sshestudy?
36、对数量提问:
1,ybirdsarethereinthetree?
2,hwateristhereinthebottle?
3,yappletreesarethereinfront
ofthehou?
37、对价格提问:histhemeat?
注:1,对价格提问,be应根据后面的主语而定。2,单位yuan在问句中去掉。
38、对距离提问:
isthefactoryfromhere?
39、对长度提问:
gistheruler?
40、对for+一段时间提问:
ghaveyoustayedthere?
ghashelivedhere?
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注:howlong后面必须是延续性动词。
41、对星期提问:
yisittoday?
42、对in+一段时间提问:
nthewomanwillgototheshop?
43、对频度副词提问:
endoesLiuYingcarrywaterforUncleLi?
44、对范围内的次数提问:
ytimesdoyougoswimminginsummer?
45、对宽度提问:
eistheriver?
46、对原因状语提问:
Hedidn’n’thecometoschool?
注:表示“因为”的连词有since,as,for,becau.
47、对时间状语提问:
youusuallycometoschool?
48、对地点状语提问:
othechildrensometimesplay
football?
49、对几月几日提问:
It’’sthedatetoday?
50、对种类(后置定语)提问:
ndofcakesdoyouwant?
51、对做什么提问:
etheboysdoinginthetree?
熟记变特殊疑问句时,容易判断错的情况。
1、数词
表示年龄:ishe?
表示时间:It’’sthetime?
表示加法:’ssixandtwo?
表示价格:histheshirt?
表示多少:ybrothersdoyouhave?
2、姓名和人
表示人名:’syourname?
表示人:hewoman?
3、长度和距离
表示距离:It’isitfromhere?
表示长度:It’gisit?
4、颜色,东西
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表示颜色:loraretheshoes?
表示物:ethey?
表示颜色:lorarethesheep?
5、名词所有格和人
表示名词所有格:She’sLucy’isterisshe?
表示人:She’sLucy’he?
Practice:
1._______________isthis?It’sarubber.
2.____________rubbersarethereinthepencilbox?
3.____________isyourbrother?He’snine.
4.________arethey?Theyarecows.
5._______areyou?I’mfine.
6._______doyoufeel?Wearehappy.
7.________isyourfather?Heisadentist.
8.________doeshegotoschool?Hegoestoschoolbybus.
9.________aretheducks?Theyareontheriver.
10.______ishisname?HeisMartin.
11._______________newbookshaveyougot?Five.
12._______________isthetree?It’sgreen.
13._______coatsarethe?Mary’s.
14._______isonthedesk?Thereisaglass.
15.______________isthisbook?It’sacircle.
对画线部分提问
1.Theyboughtanewbikeyesterday.
____________________________________________________
2.Sheisanur.
____________________________________________________
3.Sheismyteacher.
____________________________________________________
4.Heboughttheredone.
____________________________________________________
5.Itismycoat.
____________________________________________________
6.Iamlookingformysister.
____________________________________________________
7.Igetupatsix.
____________________________________________________
8.IamfromHubei.
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____________________________________________________
9.IwenttoschoollatebecauIgotuplate.
____________________________________________________
ndy.
_____________________________________________________
tingonwellwithit.
_____________________________________________________
sred.
______________________________________________________
kisLiHua’s.
______________________________________________________
athbest.
______________________________________________________
efiveyuan.
______________________________________________________
ttwiceaweek.
______________________________________________________
bebackinfourdays.
______________________________________________________
’tcometoclassyesterdaybecauIwasill.
______________________________________________________
II.选择题
()me______isthenearestbookshop?
Godownthestreetandturnleftatthecondcorner?
()20.______isatickerforthefilmHackerHe?
Aboutfortyyuan.
en
()21.—______areyougoing?—I’mgoingtothelibrary.
()’sanicecar.______haveyoubeeninit?
JusttoShanghai.
()23.______?It’ight.
’sfiveandthree
’syourtelephonenumber
()24.—______?—I’vegotaheadacheandacough.
’’swrongwithit
you
()25.______teadidyouhave?
Twocups.
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()26.______shallwemeetinthepark?
Whatabouthalfpasteight?
.,Which
()27.______ayeardoesyourschoolhavesportsmeetings?
Twiceayear.
ytimes
()28.______?
Theonebehindthetree.
’’sthegirl
()29.______areyougoingtobeinthefuture?
Iwanttobeaperson_____-YangLiwei.
,,,,as
()30.______willyourfatherbeback?.
AHowlongBhowoftenCHowsoonDHowwide
就划线部分提问。
31.Heoftenhaslunchinthefactory.
heoftenlunch?
32.Theywillcomebackinamonth.
willtheycomeback?
33.HehurthisleglastSunday.
hehurthisleg?
34.Igotupatsixthismorning.
youupthismorning?
35.TheyweredrawingahorwhenIcamein.
theywhenIcamein?
36.Ididn'tgotoschoolbecauIhadabadcold.
yougotoschool?
37.You'dbettertaketheNo.3bus.
busIbettertake?
38.He'sfeelingwell.
hefeeling?
39.Thegirlinaredcoatismysister.
isyoursister?
40.HecomestoChinaonceayear.
hetoChina?
toehisgrandma(twiceaweek).(对括号部分提问)
_________________________________________________?
ergoestoworkbycar.(改为特殊疑问句)
__________________________________________________?
(15minutes)foraferrytocrosstheriver.(对括号部分提问)
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__________________________________________________?
dial(110)tocallthepolice.(对括号部分提问)
_______________canyoudialtocallthepolice
hisbaginthedesk.(改为特殊疑问句)
___________Ted_____inthedesk?
dents(wentcamping)lastweek.(对括号部分提问)
_________________________________________________?
47.3and9is12.(改为特殊疑问句)
_________________________________________________?
escamefrom(Greece).(对括号部分提问)
__________Diogenes_____________?
tokeepfitis(toeatfoodandtakemornexerci).(对括号部分提问)
______________thewayto______________?
ed(onanunexploredplanet).(对括号部分提问)
___________youland?
IV.就划线部分提问。
1.It’sapen._____________________________________________
2.He’.____________________________________________
3.Theyareonthelake.___________________________________________________________
4.I’mtwenty-one.__________________________________________
5.WearereadinganEnglishbook.
___________________________________________________________
6.ShecomesfromChina.
___________________________________________________________
erishere.___________________________________________
ngislookingforhisteacher.
___________________________________________________________
sTom’smother.
___________________________________________________________
’smotherisamusicteacher.
___________________________________________________________
’smotheristeachingmusic.
___________________________________________________________
oworkateight.
___________________________________________________________
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’sApril27th._____________________________________________
’swetandcloudy.
___________________________________________________________
kingaboutthefilm.
___________________________________________________________
orbasketball.
___________________________________________________________
aughtabadcough.
___________________________________________________________
ewilltakebusNo.5.
___________________________________________________________
tingwithmyoldpen.
___________________________________________________________
withourteacher’spen.
___________________________________________________________
sfromLondon.
___________________________________________________________
erbegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.
___________________________________________________________
hecinematwiceaweek.
___________________________________________________________
’sabouttwomilesfrommyhometothelibrary.
___________________________________________________________
twopiecesofpaper.
___________________________________________________________
’tanyink.
___________________________________________________________
rethirtypeopleintheroom.
___________________________________________________________
coatcoststhreeyuan.___________________________________________________________
gotherebybus.____________________________________________________
tverymuch.
___________________________________________________________
dentsstudyEnglishforthecountry.
___________________________________________________________
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’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauhewasill.
___________________________________________________________
rty-oneyearsold.____________________________
35.I’llbebackinafewminutes.
___________________________________________________________
ongis1.60meterstall.
___________________________________________________________
peis20meterslong.___________________________________________________________
ephantisonehundredweight.
___________________________________________________________
eentoBeijingthreetimes.
___________________________________________________________
’sHelen’sdress.(划线提问)____________________.
’s.(划线提问)____________________.
rdryerisHanMeimei’s.(划线提问)____________________.
eoneismine.(划线提问)____________________.
Itmeans“Nolittering”.(划线提问)______________________________________
hdayisonthefirstofJune.(划线提问)_____________________________
veinthetownwiththeirparents.(划线提问)__________________________
选择:
me,canyoutellme__isthewaytotheshoppinghall?
2.____gotthe100thgoldmetalintheOlympicsforChina?
-ZhangYining.
3____areyoutalkingabout?
-WearetalkingabouttheAsiaGamesinGuangzhou.
4.___doyouvisityouruncle?
-onceaweek.
n
5.___milkdoyouneed?
-Threecups.
g
练一练:
1、It’sabook.(改一般疑问句)
2、Myfatherisinthestudy.(对划线部分提问)
3、DoyouwatchTVeverySunday?(做肯定回答)
4、Thispictureisverybeautiful.(改为以what引导的感叹句)
5、Kicktheballtome!(改为否定句)
6、Ihaveabigprent.(对划线部分提问)
7、Therearesomeorangetreesonthefarm.(改为单数句子)
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