介词加关系代词

“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结

构的考查大有升温之势。

在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行

词是人，则引导词用whom。如：

ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.

ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthebook.

考点1简单介词+关系代词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依

据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中

的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有

介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。

（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：

Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice(payfor)

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.

(turntosbforhelp)

ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(shakehandswith

sb)

（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：

ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeofthe

idioms.(besureabout)

TheteacherofwhomthestudentsinourclassarefondisMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.

(befondof)

（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方

法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当

时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when,where,why替换。例如：

I”llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)Ijoinedthearmy.

Thefactoryinwhich(=where)hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.

Idon”tknowthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslate.

（4）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由

固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。例如：

ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.

Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.

Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.

1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______

thesailingtimewas226days.

ch

解析：关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：Thesailingtime

ofthejourneywas226days.故答案选A。

2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'sparty

wasagreatsuccess.

h

解析：本句主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

从句补全为独立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案选C。

3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______

theycantalkfrequently.

om

解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talkwith的宾语，介词with

可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。

考点2复杂介词+关系代词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,who。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：

asaresultof,atthebackof,becauof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,

incaof,onaccountof等。例如：

Wegottoahouatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.

IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided

考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,who。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词

及整个句子的含义。高考考例：

(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineveremtohavetimeuntilafter5:30._______time

manypeoplehavegonehome.

h

解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直

到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。

考点4the+名词+of+关系代词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“who+

名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：

(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChineva,_______wasveryreasonable.

ceof

who

解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里the

priceofwhich指代thepriceoftheva,答案也可以是whoprice。

考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词

知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的

词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数

词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词

语many,most,few,veral,enough,halfa,aquarter。高考考例：

1.(2004湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.

ger

ofwhich

解析：答案为D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B选项缺

少一个连词。

2.(2004辽宁卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeveryyear,80%

_______aresoldabroad.

解析：答案为A。80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生

产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。

“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句常见错误

我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介

词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下：

一、关系词的误用

sontowhoyoushouldwriteisMrHall.(whom)

hebookinthattherearefivecolorpictures.(which)

onwhenwecanndmenintospacehasatlastcome.(which)

backtothehouinwherehewasborntwentyyearsago.(which)

简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所

代替)或which(指物,如2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或

where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的需要,也可以接where.如:

Hehidhimlfbehindthedoor,fromwherehesawthemantakeaphotoofsomething

onthedesk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指from

behindthedoor"从门后面",并非指fromthedoor"从门")

二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配

heboyafterwhomthewomanhadlookedformanyyears.(whomthewoman

hadlookedafterformanyyears)

简析:若将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们

本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如lookafter,lookfor,dependon,goinfor(迷

恋)等短语.

三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当

minwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisn'twhatitudtobe.(on)

tedtofindthewaywithwhichshecouldmakeeveryonelivemorehappily.

(in)

简析:arm为习惯搭配,表示"在农场";与way搭配,表示"用……办法,

以……方式".

四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当

arkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonfromwhomshecouldturn

forhelp.(to)

thetreeinwhichtheboatwastied.(to)

findanobjectwithwhichyourtoyissimilar(to)

简析:p表示"向某人求助";与to连用,表示"拴/系到……

上";r与to搭配,表示"与……相似".

五、介词与句子的具体含义搭配不当

'tremembertheageinwhichIwonthatprize.(at)

theageatwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappy.(in)

简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作"年岁"解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示"时期,时代

",应与in搭配.

练习：

用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。

manylabs,thelargest__________wasbuiltlastyear.

angeforceisgravity__________theearthpullsallbodies.

lishplay__________mystudentsactedattheNewYear”spartywasagreat

success.

redusalotofmoney__________wecouldn”tbuythemachines.

aveverypowerfultelescopes__________wecanstudytheskies.

’tthinkthenumberofpeople____thishappensisverylarge.

oolhas3,000students,_____1,800aremen.

h

lyIboughtanancientChineva,______wasveryreasonable.

ceofwhich

ceofwho

tleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.

om

tealotofstoriesforchildren,_____thisisoneexample.

redusalotofmoney_____wecouldn’tbuythemachines.

tthat

,____forhelp,hasgonetoEngland.

ango

to

aveverypowerfultelescopes_____wecanstudytheskies.

h

______shewasmarriedwasasoldier.

,____Iwenttotheconcert,isafriendofmine.

llyboughthisownhou,_______isahospital.

astof

that

her'spur,_______heput￥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.

tballmatch_______thestudentscompetedyesterdaywasverywonderful.

son_______hewaslateagainwasthathewascaughtinatrafficjamin

therushhour.

h

ss,_______hecouldenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.

ttho

puter,_______hepaid￥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.

astwelostmanychances,_______wepaidlittleattention.

h

,_______Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.

stwobrothers,________aredoctors.

both

blem_______youarguedaboutyesterdayhasbeensolved.

ch

boughtmeabook,thename_______Ihaveforgotten..

h

ayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolen

acomputer.

heway_______youtalktoyourmother.

wefoundtheholeinthewall_______themougotintothehoulast

night.

h

rethreegirlsintheroom,________isTom'ssister.

lestofwhom

tofwhich

16.I'llneverforgettheday_______Iboughtmyownguitarwithmyownmoney.

ustthegirl,with_______mybrothercametovisitmelastmonth.

ghtwesawtwomovies,_______wasinteresting.

rofwhich

rofthem

thehouin_______Iwasbornthirtyyearsago.

sonfor_______hefailedintheexamwasthathewastoocareless.