quarrels

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

PartOneEarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature

&Masterpiece:“TheSongofBeowulf”

icance:

ThenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople;

AfolklegendbroughttoEnglandbyAnglo-SaxonsfromNorthernEurope;

Pasdfrommouthtomouthforhundredsofyearsbeforewrittendownin

the10thcentury;

ThemostimportantandreprentativeworkoftheOldEnglish(the

Anglo-Saxon)literature.

ters:

Beowulf:nephewofHygelacHygelac:kingofGeatsinJutland

Hrothgar:kingoftheDanesGrendel:amonster

:

(1)Beowulf’sfightwiththemonsterGrendelinHrothgar’shall

(2)Beowulf’sslayingofGrendel’smotherinherlair

(3)Beowulf’sreturntohisuncle,andhissuccessiontothethrone.

(4)Beowulf’svictoryindeath,fiftyyearslater,overthefiredragon

es:

on:ThenationalepicandthefirstlongpoeminEnglish.

:Thepoemiswritteninalliterativeverinaline,with4

accentsinaline,threeofwhichshowalliteration(beginningwiththesame

consonantsound)

ics:Afigurativelanguageisud,whichiscalled“kenning”

ormetaphor.

ure:Itiswrittenininvertedorderwithtwopartsinaline(as

pau)

&TheMedievalEnglishLiterature

e:(inproorverform)

tmatter(题材，话题，论题)（Seethedefinition）：

Thelifeandadventuresofanoblehero,generallyaknight

(主题)（Seethedefinition）：Theloyaltytothekingandlord.

omancecycles(传奇故事系列)

TheMatterofFrance(aboutCharlemagneandhispeers)

TheMatterofRome(aboutAlexandertheGreat)

TheMatterofBritain(abouttheadventuresofKingArthurandhisKnights

oftheRoundTable)ssnatureofRomance:

It’swrittenfortheupperclass

Chivalry（骑士精神）isreprentedtoshowthequalityoftheknight:

courage,honor,courtesy,loyaltyanddevotiontothehelpless,theweak

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

andwomen.

piece:“SirGawinandtheGreenKnight”《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》

inalliterativever.

*GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)

on:i.“ThefatherofEnglishpoetry”nderofEnglish

realism(byGorky)erunnerofhumanism.

bution:

oducedthe“heroiccouplet”(therhymedcoupletofiambic

pentameter抑扬格五音步)

efirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglishlanguage.

uchinmakingthedialectofLondonthefoundationformodern

Englishspeech.

ryCreation:

Influencedby：Dante(1265-1321):“TheDivineComedy”

Petrarch(1307-1374):“Sonnets”

Boccaccio(1313-1375):“Decameron”

piece:“TheCanterburyTales”

icance:

ehensivepictureofChaucer'stimeasplendidrealisticportrayal.

sticcorridorofpeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthemedieval

England:

a)thegentleclass:knight,squire,monkprioress(女修道院的院长),

theoxfordscholar.

b)theburgherclass:tradesman,carpenter,weaver,theWifeofBath,

lawyer

mandHumanismisrevealed:

Thepraiofman’nergyquickwitandloveoflife.

Theequalrightofmanandwomantopursuetheirhappinessonearthand

theoppositionofthedogmaofasceticism.

es:

uralfeatures:

a)Aprologueand24talesb)Allthetalesareclolyknittedbyinterspersing

themwiththetalk,thequarrels,opinionsofthepilgrimsandespeciallythe

judgmentoftheinnkeeper.

ryfeatures:

Heroiccouplet::gentle

satireandmildirony.

&TheEnglishBallads(PopularBallads)

ryFeatures:hfolkliteratureinfeudalsociety.

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

,usuallyin4-linestanza,withthe2ndand4thlines

rhymed.

trimeter/tetrameter抑扬格三音步/四音步

:uggleofyoungloversagainsttheirfeudalfamilies.

flictbetweenloveandwealth.

eleffectofjealousy.

derwarsbetweenEnglandandScotland.

tersofclassstruggle.

pieces:

1)RobinHoodBallads:gatheredintoacollectioncalled“TheGesteof

RobinHood”

2)“RobinHoodandAllan–a–Dale”“GetupandBartheDoor”“SirPatrick

Spans”

RobinHood

Status:ayeomanforcedtobeanoutlaw/fugitive

Deeds:GreenwoodofSherwoodForestnearNottinghaminthecenterof

England

HuntingtheKing’sdeer,robbingfromtherichanddistributingamongthe

poor

Friendsandfollowers:theMerryMen(LittleJohn,FriarTuck,WillScarlet,

andtheromanticminstrelAlan-a-Dale)

Hinemy:theSheriffofNottingham

Hiswife:MaidMarian

sticcharacteristics:

1)economyofwords2)directspeech3)repetition4)easilytobesong

&Romance

Itusnarrativeverorprotosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroic

evelopedthe

characteristicmedievalmotifsofthequest,thetest,themeetingwiththeevil

giantandtheencounterwiththebeautifulbeloved.

Theheroisusuallytheknight,whotsoutonajourneytoaccomplish

softenmysteriesandfantasiesinromance.

terization

isstandardized,whilethestructureislooandepisodic,thelanguageis

simpleandstraightforward.

Theimportanceoftheromanceitlfcanbeenasameansofshowing

medievalaristocraticmenandwomeninrelationtotheiridealizedviewof

theworld.

•Questionsforconsideration:

turesofthemedievalEnglishliterature?

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

nificanceofTheCanterburyTales?

eraryfeaturesofEnglishballads?

ferencesbetweenromanceandballad

PartIITheEnglishRenaissance

&LiteraryinfluenceoftheBibleonEnglishlanguage:

HouholdwordsfromBible:

rootofallevil万恶之源clearascrystal极其明白athornintheflesh

眼中钉，肉中刺tocastpearlsbeforeswine明珠投暗alaboroflove不计

较报酬的工作

eyeforeye,toothfortooth以眼还眼，以牙还牙

TheDevelopmentofLiterature

inningoftheEnglishRenaissance

eyChaucer（1340-1400）TheforerunnerofEnglishRenaissance

mCaxtonintroducingprintingtoEnglandin1476bringinga

multitudeofclassicalworks.

&More(1478-1535)ThefirsthumanistinEngland

uction

GreatthinkerandhumanistintheRenaissance

piece:“Utopia”

Utopia,fromtwoGreekwordsmeaning“nowhere”,isanislanddiscovered

onavoyagetothenewlydiscoveredAmericas.

Itisandescriptionoftheidealcommunistsocietyandidealcommonwealth,

wherepropertyisheldincommonandthereisnopoverty.

Practicalbasisforthecommunistsociety:

Fromeveryoneaccordingtohiscapacities,toeveryoneaccordingtohis

need”各尽所能，按需分配)

entGenresandtheirreprentatives:essay,poetry,drama

st:FrancisBacon

:ThomasWyatt,HenryHoward,SirPhilipSidney,EdmundSpenr,

WilliamShakespeare

ists/playwrights:ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare,Ben

Jonson

&sBacon

onandContribution:

efounderofEnglishmaterialist

philosophy（唯物主义哲学）Heisthefounderofmodernsciencein

iveMethodofReasoning(归纳法)wasstatedinhissay

“NewInstrument”Hereprentstheintellectualenergyoftheage.

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

piece:

a.“AdvancementofLearning”《科学的进展》b.“NewInstrument”新工具

c.“Essays”《随笔集》

Subjects:lovetruth,friendship,parentsandchildren,beauties,studies,

riches,youthandages,deathetc.

Features:clearness,brevityandforceofexpression.

yings:“Knowledgeispower”

“Menfeardeath,aschildrenfeartogointhedark;andasthatnaturalfearin

childrenisincreadwithtales,soistheother.“人们惧伯死亡，正如孩童惧

于黑暗中行路：孩童心中的恐惧感随着听到的童话故事的增多而增长，

人们对死亡的惧怕亦是如此。”

“Readingmakesafullman,conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexact

man”.

“读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。”

“Studiesrvefordelight,forornament,andforability”.

“读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。”

“Historiesmakemenwi;poet,witty;themathematics,subtle,natural

philosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,

studiainmores”.-----From“OfStudy”

“读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理

使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。凡有所学，皆成性格。”

&Wyatt托马斯·怀亚特（1503－42）:Thefirsttointroducethe

sonnetintoEnglishliterature.

&oward,EarlofSurrey(1517?-47)萨里伯爵

HewrotethefirstEnglishblankver(无韵诗，素体诗)tobemasterfully

udbyShakespeareandMilton,Wordsworth,Tennysonetc.

&lipSidney(1554-86)菲利普·锡德尼

Status:poetandcriticofpoetry

Masterpiece:a.“AstrophelandStella”(1591)《爱星者和星星》:acollection

ofsonnets

“astrophel”standsfor“star”and“stella”standsfor“starlover”

b.“ApologyforPoetry/Poesy”《为诗一辩》oneoftheearliestliterary

essaystoanswerthePuritanattackonpoetry.

Mainideas:

&Spenr

In1594,hemarriedElizabethBoyle,theladyinhissonnetquence

Majorworks:“TheShepherds’Calendar”《牧人月历》

“Amoretti”(1595)(oneofthethreefamoussonnetquence)《小爱神》/《爱

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

情小唱》

“TheFaerieQueene”(1590-1596)《仙后》

Mainthemes:love,poetry,andreligion

Influence:IttsthepastoralfashioninEnglishliterature

&opherMarlowe

ryposition

Hewasthemostgiftedofthe“universitywits”;Hewasthetruefounderof

Englishdrama

piece1)“Tamburlaine”《帖木儿》Theme:Ambitionforpower

2)“TheJewofMalta”《马耳他岛的犹太人》Theme:Greedforwealth

3)“s”《浮士德博士的悲剧》Theme:desireforknowledge

butions:

Thefirsttoestablishblankverastheregularmeasurefortragedy.

Hisblankverisvigorous,fluidandpreci.

HisworkspavedthewayfortheplaysofShakespeare.

&son

on：

Oneofthemostoutstandingfiguresintheliteraryworldofthe17th

century.

Amanofversatility:poet,playwright,scholar,critic

The“literaryking”inhislateryears

theheadoftheso-called“sonsofBen”surroundinghim.

icworks:comedy,tragedy,masque

Features:“comedyofhumors”(气质喜剧)

ryideas:Headvocatesprinciplesofclassicaldrama,takingafirm

standforthe“TrinityLaw”(theunityoftime,placeandaction)

Time:reprentingeventsofasingledayor12hours;

Place:withinasingletting;Action:nosubplot

&mShakespeare(1564-1616)

1．comedies:AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》TheMerchantof

Venice《威尼斯商人》AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》TwelfthNight《第

十二夜》

ies:HamletOthelloKingLearMacbeth

esofhisdrama

standoneofthefoundersofrealisminEnglishliterature.

ingthemethodofadoptioninhisdramaticcreation

cdrama,freedevelopingactionswithoutbeinghinderedby

theclassicalrules.

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

dinmanypoeticformsandhisplaysarepoeticaldramas.

masterofEnglishlanguage.

PartIIIThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration

&JohnMilton约翰。弥尔顿

“ParadiLost”（其他作品：ParadiRegainedSamsonAgonists）

1)Position:thegreatestepicafter“Beowulf”

2)Composition:12booksinblankver

3)Mainfiguresandmeanings:

TheGod:despot,authoritySatan:therevoltingsiritAdamandEve:

knowledgecraving

4)Purpo:---ToshowtheunconquerablewillofthePuritans;

---Toprenthisdeterminationagainsttyranny;---Tocallonpeopleto

fight;

5)Theme:TheheroicrevoltofSatanagainsttheGod’sauthority.

6)ImageofSatan:---Therealheroofthepoem,resourcefuland

courageous;

----Prefersindependencetohappyrvility,

----Welcomeshisdefeatandhistormentsasaglory,aliberty,andajoy;

----ThespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.

&JohnBunyan约翰·班扬

piece：“ThePilgrim’sProgress”《天路历程》(1678)

Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.---Bunyan一鸟在手，胜于双

鸟在林。---班扬

“Thelandthatflowedwithmilkandhoney”——TheCelestialCityis，

thevisionofanidealhappysocietydreamedofbythepoor.

TheMetaphysicalPoets/School玄学派

1)Definition:---“metaphysics”:highlyabstractinferenceandtheory高

度抽象的推理，形而上学，玄学

2)Features:surprisingconceits，strangeparadoxes，far–fetched

imagery

strangeparadoxes：proudhumility不卑不亢painfulpleasure悲喜交集a

thunderous

silence无声胜有声bitter–sweetmemories苦甜参半的回忆poorrich

guys

精神贫穷的富人awilystupididea自作聪明的糊涂主意speaking

silence,dumbconfession,passion’sbirth,andinfant’splay千言万语的

静默；默默无声的坦白；激情的产儿，孩童的游戏

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

&3)代表人物：JohnDonne约翰.多恩(1572-1631)

Thefounderofthemetaphysical

“TheFlea”《跳蚤》AValediction:ForbiddingMourning《临别慰语

---莫悲伤》

PartIVThe18thCentury

❖Threesuccessivetendenciesinliterature.

ssicism:entalism:(感伤主义)-romanticism:

&SamuelRichardson

ovels:

1.“Pamela,orVirtueRewarded:InaSeriesofFamiliarLettersfroma

BeautifulYoungDamltoHerParents”《帕米拉》，又称《贞洁/美德得

报：一个漂亮姑娘写给父母的几封家信》

&RobertSteele

nderofthenewspaper:

“TheTatler”《闲谈者》Purpo:Toenlightenandentertainthe

coffeehougoers

unnerofthenewspaper:“TheSpectator”《旁观者》(1711-1712)

Toenlivenmoralitywithwit,andtotemperwitwithmorality以文思激发道

德以道德调剂文思”

Tomakeinstructionagreeable,anddiversionuful”“让教育变得令人愉

悦，让娱乐给人启迪”

Togathernewideasofthetimeandputthemwithinthereachofthereading

public,aimingatsocialreform.

&SamuelJohnson

HefoundedthefamousLiteraryClub(文学社)andbecame“thegreatcham

ofliterature”(文学泰斗)

“TheRambler”(1750-1752)《漫谈者》“TheIdler”(1758-1760)《闲散

者》

&AlexanderPope

名言：AnhonestmanisthenoblestworkofGod.诚实的人是上帝创造的

最佳作品。

NatureandNature'slawslayhidinnight:Godsaid,'LetNewtonbe!'andall

waslight.

(EpitaphforIsaacNewton’stombstonebyAlexanderPope)

自然和自然的法则隐藏在黑暗之中。上帝说：“让牛顿出世吧！”于是

一切豁然开朗。

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

Majorworks：“Essayonriticism”《论批评》

Rulesofcriticism：Thebestrulesofcriticismexistintheancientworks

thathavestoodthetestoftime.

Proverbsinthispoem:“Forfoolsrushinwhereangelsfeartotread.”初

生牛犊不怕虎

“Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine”凡人多舛误，唯神能见宥

“Alittlelearningisadangerousthing”一知半解最危险

“EssayonMan”《论人》

“Wherethereislife,thereishope”

——Theschemeoftheuniveristhebestdespitetheappearanceofevil;

“Onetruthisclear,whateveris,isright”(一个事实毋庸置疑，凡存在的，

必合理。)

——Thefailuretoethegeneralperfectionisduetoourlimitedvision.

其他：“TheRapeoftheLock”《夺发记》“TheDunciad”《群愚史诗》

/《愚人志》

&JonathanSwift——“Gulliver’sTravels”

1．去过的四个地方AvoyagetoLilliput:AvoyagetoBrobdingnag:The

voyagetoLaputa,theFlyingIslandAvoyagetothecountryofthe

Houyhnhnyms

’sstyle:HeisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishpro.

Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.

Hisliteraryideasisreflectedinthefollowingntence:

“Properwordsinproperplacesmakethetruedefinitionofastyle”

&DanielDefoe

RobinsonCrusoe(1719):firstnovelandmasterpiece

(1)ThebestqualitiesofRobinsonCrusoe:

marvelouscapacityforwork,boundlesnergy，persistenceinovercoming

obstacles.

(2)ThebourgeoisoutlookofRobinsonCrusoe:

ThecharacterofRobinsonCrusoeisreprentativeoftheEnglish

bourgeoisieattheearlierstagesofitsdevelopment.

3）Defoe’sbourgeoisoutlookmanifestsitlfinthefactthathedoesnot

condemnNegro-slaveryinhisbook.

Theenlighteningsignificanceof“RobinsonCrusoe”

AsawriterintheEnlightenmentperiod,Defoealsoattachedgreat

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

importancetothemouldingofcharacterandtoeducationthroughthe

influenceofvariedenvironment.

&HenryFielding

FamoussayingsbyHenryFielding:

Handsomeisthathandsomedoes.行为善者始为美。

Don'tcrybecauit'ecauithappened.不要因为结束而哭泣,

要为曾经拥有而微笑。

Moneyisthefruitofevil,asoftenastherootofit.金钱是罪恶的产物，正如

它常被认为是罪恶的根源。

rypositionofHenryFielding

-“FatherofEnglishnovel”(byWalterScott)

-“thefounderofEnglishrealisticnovelandhetsupthetheoryofrealism

inliterarycreation”

pieces:fourimportantnovels

1)“JophAndrew”2)“JonathanWilde”3)“TomJones”4)“Amelia”

《阿米莉亚》

3．Hisfeatures

1)Thenovelshouldreprenttherealityofhumannatureandtheinner

worldofmanbytheprobabilityandinvariability(不变性)ofthe

charactersandevents.

2)Hetsfourbasicqualitiesforanovelist:

thenativegift,adequatelearning,richexperiencewithlifeandakind

heart

3）thebasisofhiswork:“Natureherlf”

4）.thecentreofhisworkingphilosophy:“Man”

Sentimentalism

Objective:AkeeninterestintheEnglishcountrysideandlifeofthecommon

people.

&代表人物：ThomasGray托马斯·格雷

TheleaderoftheSentimentalistpoets(感伤主义诗人)and“theGraveyard

School”(墓园派)

作品：ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓畔挽歌》THE

EPITAPH(墓志铭)

Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧，

（宵禁钟声,晚八点钟敲,是中世纪遣留下来的风俗。白日已尽,晚钟好像

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

是送别白昼的丧钟。）

Thelowingherdwindslowlyo'erthelea,牛群在草原上迂回，吼声起落，

Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,耕地人累了，回家走，脚步

踉跄，

Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.把整个世界留给了黄昏与我。

Pre-Romanticists

&WilliamBlake(1757-1827)

Toetheworldinagrainofsand,Andaheaveninawildflower;Hold

infinityinthepalmofyourhand,Andeternityinanhour.“从一粒沙子看一

个世界,从一朵野花里看见一个天堂;把无限掌握在你的手里,把永恒存在

于一瞬间.”

Masterpieces:

SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》SongsofExperience《经验之歌》The

MarriageofHeavenandHell《天堂与地狱的结合》

Featuresofhispoetry

:symbolic,mysticandprophetic

:romanticandrevolutionary

:individualoriginality

&RobertBurns

Featuresofhispoems：nintheScottishdialect,revealingthe

commonfeelingsoftheworkingpeople;ussongsofloveand

friendship,carryingwiththespiritofromanticism.

ARed,RedRo《一朵红红的玫瑰》---aworldfamouslovepoem

AuldLangSyne《友谊地久天长》---theuniversalpartingsonginEnglish-

speakingpeoples

PartVRomanticism

Romanticism---amainliterarytrend,springingfirstinthemovementof

SturmundDranginGermanyandthenspreadtoEurope;

---ItprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiod1798and1832,beginningwith

thepublicationofWordsworth’sLyricalBallads(1798)andendingwith

WalterScott’sdeath(1832);

---ThePrefacetoLyricalBalladsrvesasthemanifestooftheEnglish

Romanticmovement;

---Itexpresdtheideologyandntimentofthesocialstratawhowere

discontentwithandoppodtothedevelopmentofCapitalism;

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

---ItrejectstheorderedrationalityoftheEnlightenmentasmechanical,

impersonalandartificial;

---Thechiefemphasiswasuponthefreedomofindividuallf-expression:

sincerity,spontaneity(自发性)andoriginality,whichbecamethenew

standardsinliterature;

---Itturnedtotheemotionaldirectnessofpersonalexperienceandtothe

boundlessnessofindividualimaginationandaspiration;

---Itdrewenergyfromtheassociatedrevolutionarymovementsof

democracyandnationalism

---Itsplitintotwoschoolsintermsofitsdifferenceofpoliticalattitudes:

thepassive(escapist)romanticists:Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey(the

LakePoets)andLamb

theactiveromanticists:Byron,Shelley,KeatsandWalterScott

&WilliamWordsworth

ofgoodpoetry:

Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling,

recollectedintranquility.

tionofpoetry:

Heappealdirectlytoindividualnsationsinpleasure,excitement,

enjoymentasthefoundationinthecreationofpoetry.

ctionofpoetry:

Togiveanunexpectedsplendor(光彩，光辉)tofamiliarandcommon

thingsincommonlife.

avoredtobringlanguagetothereallanguageofmen.

5。代表作

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud(1804)《我如行云独自游》or《黄水仙》

---MyHeartLeapsUp《心情激荡》or《我心驿动》

Famoussayinginthislyric:“Thechildisfatheroftheman.”“三岁看大，七

岁看老”

LinesCompodaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey《丁登寺》

TotheCuckoo《致杜鹃》ThesolitaryReaper《孤独的割麦女》

Lucypoems《露西组诗》SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays《她居于

人迹罕至之处》

&GeorgeGordonByron

Masterpiece:

1）ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage《恰尔德。哈罗尔德游记》

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

Language:SpenrianStanza(abab/bcbc/c)

2）DonJuan《唐璜》Language:Writteninottavarima(八行体)eachstanza

containing8iambicpentameterlines.

&PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)珀西·比希·雪莱

OdetheWestWind西风颂

Featuresofthepoem:Shelleyusterzarima（三行诗节隔句押韵法）in

thepoem.

&JohnKeats

Hisodes:OdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》OdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊

古今颂》

OdetoPsyche《普赛克颂》OdetoMelancholy《忧郁颂》ToAutumn《秋

颂》

*OdetoaNightingale*

1)Theme:melancholyislinkedwithjoy.

2)Features:(1)In10-linestanzawiththerhymepatternofeachstanzaabab

cedced(2)Richinnsuousbeauty（激发美感）(3)Appealingtothens

ofsound,smell,tasteinexpression

3)Imageryanalysis:“Nightingale”----asymbolofexternaljoywithacolor

ofmelancholy.

*Leadingprinciple:(expresdin“OdeonGrecianUrn”)“Beautyistruth,

truthbeauty”

PartVIandVIIEnglishCriticalRealism

&CharlesDickens

*Alistofhisnovelsandothercollectionsinthreeperiods:

(I)SketchesbyBoz(1836)

ThePosthumousPapersofthe

PickwickClub(1836-37)

OliberTwist(1837-38)

NicholasNickleby(1838-39)

TheOldCuriosityShop(1840-41)

BarnabyRudge(1841)

Feature:youthfuloptimism

(II)AmericanNotes(1842)

MartinChuzzlewit(1843-45)

AChrismasCarol(aChrismasbook)

(1843)

TheChimes(aChrismasbook)(1844)

TheCricketontheHearth(a

Chrismasbook)(1845)

DombeyandSon(1846-48)

DavidCopperfield(1849-50)

Feature:beingshakenofthenaive

optimismandfilledwithexcitement

andirritation

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

(III)BleakHou(1852-53)

HardTime(1854)

LittleDorrit(1855-57)

ATaleofTwoCities(1859)

GreatExpectations(1860-61)

OurMutualFriend(1864-65)

EdwinDrood(unfinished)

Feature:intensifyingpessimism

&ray

TheBookofSnobs《势利者集》

Hismasterpiece:VanityFair，ANovelWithoutaHero《名利场：没有正面

主人公的小说》

rceofthetitle:JohnBunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress

ningofthesubtitle:

Thewriter’sintentionwasnottoportrayindividuals,butthebourgeoisand

aristocraticsocietyasawhole.

Inthewayofcharacterization：Ontheonehand,thereareonlytwoheroines,

asthemajorcharacters;ontheotherhand,neitherBeckynorAmeliacanbe

enastherealheroines,forBeckyemstooevilacharacterandAmelia

appearstoopale.

e:

---thelifeoftherulingclassofEnglandintheearlydecadesofthe19th

century;

---theattackandsatirizingofthebourgeoisuppersociety

&JaneAusten

SenandSensibility《理智与情感》PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》

MansfieldPark《曼斯菲玛德庄园》Emma《爱玛》Persuasion《劝导》

NorthangerAbbey《诺桑觉寺》

Featuresofhernovels

plot:simple,clear

Characterization:preciexpressioninthewordsofthecharacters.

Tone:amildtouchofhumorandsatireStyle:easy,effortlessandgraceful

&TheBrontesisters

CharlotteBronteJaneEyreEmilyBronte：WutheringHeights

&AlfredTennyson

Position:Thegreatestpoetofthe19thcentury

Masterpieces：InMemoriam《悼念集》（Break,Break,Break《浪花，拍，

英国文学知识点总结

第1页共15页

拍，拍》）

TheIdyllsoftheKing《国王诗歌集》

&TheBrowning:RobertBrowningandElizabethBarret

ng:HomeThoughtsfromAbroad

ng:HowDoILoveThee

&Hardy代表作TessoftheD’Urbervilles

&BernardShaw宿命论

Focus:

onandinfluencesoffamousauthors,

nicalideas

chemeandpoeticfeatures:blankver,alliterativever,

sonnet,Spenrianstanza,heroiccouplet,ottavarima,terzarima,

metaphysicalpoemsandetc

icalquenceofBritishliterature

.

Chaucer,Milton,Shakespeare,JohnDonne,BenJonson,Bacon,

Defoe,Fielding,Pope,Marlowe,Spenr,Swift,JohnKeats,Thomas

Grey,WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns;

-knownsayingsinBibleandquotedfromfamousliteraryworks