英语填空题

英语语法填空题及答案

【篇一：高中英语语法填空专题训练及解题技巧(含答

案)】

ass=txt>解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是：

一、浏览全文把握语篇

浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准

备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么

意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较

好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、

题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这

些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在

“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。

二、边读边填先易后难

在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的

过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已

给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不

起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，

不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

三、验证复查清除难点

有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”

短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。

另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

二、语法填空专练（一）

阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语

的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上

标号的相应位置。（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）

（1）

usinggarbageasafuelgarbagecanbeagoodfueltou.

thethingsingarbagedonotlook____1___coal,petroleum

,ornaturalgas,__2_____theyarechemicallysimilartothe

fossilfuels(料).asweuupourfossilfuelsupplies,we

mightbeabletougarbageas_____3___energysource.

tiesineuropeand

theunitedstates_____4__(burn)

eatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisudtoboilwater.

thesteam_____5___isproducedisudtomakeelectricit

s,france,somepower

plantsburnalmost2millionmetrictonsofthecity’sgarbage

____6____ofenergyproducedisaboutthe

sameaswouldbeproducedbyburningalmostahalfmillionb

arrelsofoil!

ethat

burns_____7___(easy),suchasfoodandpaper,mustbe

paratedfrommetals,glass,andothermaterialsthatdonot

rproblemisthatburninggarbagecan__

___8____theair.

ourfossilfuelsuppliesare____9____.burninggarbagemight

beonekindofenergysourcethatwecanutohelpmeet

thodcouldalsoreducetheamount

ofgarbage___10____(pile)upontheearth.

（2）

thestoryofmylifebyhelenkelleristhemost

__1____(influence)lledwithcourage,

struggle

ellerwasonceindeepdespairin

her__2____,butfinallyshedecidedtoovercomeherphy

rmore,sheshowedgreat

patience__3____herlongandhardlearningperiod.

ihavelearned,aboveall,,

shetaughtmethatoftentheroadtosuccessistofacehardsh

ips__4____(bravety).maybeyouarebornunderanillstaryet

youcanstandabetterchance__5____erefo

reimportantthatyouscrewupyourcourage__6____courage

,theimpairmentofpartofhernsdid

notstop__7____learning:onthecontrary,shehadmade

continual__8____togodeeperintotherealmofknowledge,

an

dherperverancehadthushelpedherovercomemany

handicaps.__9____,sheadvidthatweshouldmakethe

mosto

fourn-organsasifwe__10____(lo)themsoon

becauthiswaywewouldobrvetheworldmorecarefully

than

everbefore.

（3）

(1)thevillagersalllookforwardto________(benefit)fromthe

railwaytobebuiltintheirvillage.

(2)itjustrains___________(slight).itdoesn’tmatter

whetheryoubringyourumbrellaornot.

(3)_________amazedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcould

playtheviolinsowell.

(4)thetrainruns________theforestsand_________the

mountains.

（4）

mostscientiststhinktheuniverbeganwitha“bigbang”

4.5and3.8billionyearsago,thedustttled

explodedwithfireandrockandformedtheearth’atmosphere.

asthewaterappearedontheearth,themadeitpossiblefor

life

manymillionsofyears,thefirstplanetsappearedonthewater

tothe

(appear)2.6millionyearsago,thehuman

being’sancestorsbeganto

(cau)arthwillbedanger.

三、语法填空专练（二）

(1)

intheunitedstates,therewere222people____1____(report)

tobebillionaires(亿万富翁)____2_____of

theisbillgates,worthatleast$41billion,whomadehis

money____3____

wasonly21yearsold_____4____hefirsthelpedtotupthe

billionaire_____5___thetime

hewas31.

____6____,therearestillsomeotherpeoplewhohavemade

lotsofmoneyateven____7____(young)oung

peoplewhohavestruckitrichincludejackiecooganand

shirleytemple.____8____ofthechildactorsmadeovera

milliondollars___9____(act)inmoviesbeforetheywere14.

but___10___youngestbillionaireisalbertvonthurnund

taxisofgermany,who,in2001,inherited(继承)abilliondollars

whenheturned18!

(2)

finishingtheirshoppingatthemall,acouplediscoveredthat

theirnewcar____1_____(steal).theyfileda

report____2____thepolicestationandadetectivedrovethem

____3____totheparkinglottolookforevidence.

totheir____4____(amaze),thecarhadbeenreturned

___5____therewasanoteinitthatsaid:“iapologizefor

taking

washavingababyandihadtorushherto

the____6_____.re

twotickets____7____tonightsmaniatwainconcert.”

pleattended

____8____ntheyreturnedhome,they

immediately

found____9______theirhouhadbeenransacked(洗劫).on

thebathroommirrorwas____10_____note:“ihavetoput

mykidthroughcollegesomehow,donti?”

(3)

people_____1___(live)indifferentcountriesmadedifferent

hereareaboutfifteenhundred

_____2_____ntainsmanythousandsof

argedictionary,forexample,containsfour

___3___onotneed

____4____shortstoriesyouneedtoknowonly

abouttwothousandwords.____5_____youleaveschool,you

willlearnonlyonethousandormore.

uld

trytomakeyourvocabulary______6___(big).readasmany

realotofbooks_____7____(write)in

umeet

_____8____newword,lookit____9_____inyourdictionary.

yourdictionaryisyour_____10_____(much)ufulbook.

(4)

whenyouareinenglandyoumustbeverycarefulinthe

streets____1_____you

crossastreetyoumustlooktotherightfirst_____2____then

orningandintheeveningwhenpeoplegoto

or

comefrom____3____,cis

most____4___(danger)then.

whenyougobybusinengland,youhavetobecareful,

____5____.

youmustbecareful._____6____(have)alookfirst,oryouwill

go____7____wrongway.

inmanyenglishcities,therearebigbus____8_____two

sitonthe______9____(two)

____10_____’svery

interesting.

(5)

____1____meshepainted

women___2_____anyclotheson,andheandhis____3____

alwaystriedtokeepthesmallgirlout____4____hewasdoing

this,“sheis____5_____youngtounderstand,”theysaid.

butoneday,whentheartist_____6____(paint)awomanwith

noclotheson,heforgottolockthedoor,andthegirl

erranupthestairs

____7____her,butwhenshegottotheroom,thelittlegirlwas

alreadyintheroomandlookingatthewoman._____8___her

parentswaitedforhertospeak.

forafewcondsthelittlegirlsaid____9_____,butthenshe

rantohermotherandsaid____10_____(angry),“whydo

youlethergoaboutwithoutshoesandsocksonwhenyou

don’tletme?”

(6)

mostamericansdon’tliketogetadvice____1___membersof

tadvicefrom“_____2___(strange)”.

whentheyneedadvice,theydon’tusuallygotopeoplethey

know._____3___manyofthemwriteletterstonewspapers

andmagazines_____4___giveadviceonmanydifferent

subjects______5___(include)familyproblems,theuof

language,health,cooking,childcare,clothes,____6___even

onhowtobuyahouoracar.

mostnewspapers_____7____(regular)printlettersfrom

iththelettersthereare

_____8____writtenbypeoplewhoaresuppodtoknowhow

thewritersaredoctors,

____9____ofthemost

famouswritersofadvicearewomenwithoutspecial____10___

(train)forthiskindofwork.

(7)

withoutproperplanning,tourismcancau______1____.for

example,toomanytouristscancrowdpublicplaces

_____2_____arealsoenjoyedbytheinhabitants(居民)ofa

ismcreatetoomuchtraffic,theinhabitantswill

become_____3_____(annoy)ginto

disliketourists_____4____rget

howmuchtourismcanhelpthecountry’conomy.

______5_____isimportanttothinkaboutthepeopleofa

destination

countryand_____6______m

shouldhelp_____7_____countrykeepthecustomsand

beauty

mshouldalsoadvancethewealth

and_____8_____(happy)oflocalinhabitants.

ism______9_____

(grow)tooquickly,peoplemustleaveotherjobstowork

_____10_____ansthatother

partsofthecountry’conomycansuffer.

(8)

londonwasawarded_____1____2012olympicgameson

wednesday,______2_____(defeat)europeanrivalparisinthe

finalroundofvotingtotakethegamesbacktobritishcapital

______3____thefirsttimesince1948.

_____4____moscow,newyorkandmadridwereeliminated

(淘汰)inthefirstthreeroundslondonbeatparis54—50onthe

fourthballot(投票表决)oftheioc.

inlondoncrowdscheeredandwavedflagsas_____5____

watchedtheannouncementfromsingapore_____6_____a

giantscreenintrafalgarsquareandintheeastlondonarea

_____7____themainolympiccomplex(建筑群)willbebad.

blairspenttwodaysinlobbying(游说)insingapore____8____

leavingtohosttheg8summit(8国峰会)inscotland.“my

promitoyouiswewillbeyourvery______9___(good)

partners,”blairsaid.

it’sthefourthbid(申办)frombritainafter_____10____(fail)

attemptsbybirminghamforthe1992olympicsand

manchesterforthe1996and2000.

(9)

whyisttinggoalsso______1_____?becaugoalscan

helpyoudo,be,andexperienceeverything____2_____you

d_____3____justlettinglifehappentoyou,

goalsallow______4_____tomakeyourlifehappen.

_____5_____(success)andhappypeoplehavetslotsof

inggoalsyouare

’s_____6____havingamapto

showyou_____7____youwanttogo.

winnersinlifetgoalsandfollowthroughwiththem.

winnersdecidewhattheywantinlifeandthengetthereby

makingplansand_____8___(t)essfulpeople

ren’tdifficulttot,and

_____9_____aren’toyoutofindout

____10____onewho

mustdecidewhattodoandinwhatdirectiontoaimyourlife.

(10)

nwonder____1_theworldwill

belikeahundredyears’time.

thinkof____2___sapermanentstationonthe

moon_____3___(tup).perhapspeoplewillbeabletovisit

themoonas_____4___.cheaprocketsforspacetravelwill

havebeendeveloped,_____5___(permit)longjourneys

attimecomes,peoplewill

betakingholidaysinspaceandvisiting_____6____planets.

greatprogresswillhavebeenmade_____7___medicine,too.

pollutionwillhavebeencontrolledinahundredyears’time.

_____8_____theworldwillhavebeendeveloped—even

haveudupmostoftheearth’slandto

buildourcities,_____9____floatingcitieswillhavebeenbuilt.

rewillbe

cities____10____thea.

参考答案

语法填空专练（一）

（1）

7.

垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他

们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿

物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源来用。

燃烧垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已

经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧

水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一

些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产

生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油！但是以垃圾作为燃料有一

些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废

料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质

分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。我们的矿物燃料供应

有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源

的需求。这种方法也可以

减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。

【篇二：高一英语语法填空(附答案)】

waystoldthatthethree“p”s,patience,positivethinkingand

perverance(毅力),wereasurepath___26___

school

m,___27___was

originallytobeheldinourclassroom,___28___(change)tothe

,___29___,didn’tbotherme

becaumathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.i

patientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyatanddidsomedeep

breathingtohelprelax___30___.

butmymoodquicklychangedwhenisaw___31___first

tostaypositive

andpervered___32___e

problem___33___(solve),ifeltproudofmyachievement.

___34___(fortunate),ithennoticedthatihadjust10minutes

left___35___(complete)therest!

b

theinternetisthebiggestsourceofinformationintheworld,

consistingofmillionsoftheircomputersto“talk”toeach

eatedanetworkoftheus

nationalsciencefoundationstartedthensfnetwork,also

knowninter-networkor”internet”.itthenbecamepossiblefor

ernetworkthat

makestheinformationfrommillionsofwebsitesaccessibleto

oment,aboutwasberners-leeit

possibleforeveryonetoutheinternet,notjustthe

gnedthefirst“webbrowr”,

computerurstoaccessdocumentsfromothercomputers.

withthewebandtheinternetyears.

sofar,theinternet(create)thousandsofmillionairesallover

theworld,butberners-leeisnotoneofthem.

c

christopherreevewasborninptember,nhis

firstschoolplay(lucky),disastercamein1995whenhefell

torsdidnotexpecthimto

t,hecouldn’tbreathewithouta

machine,dneverwalk

againbuthethecondyearafterhisaccident,christopher

madespeechesalloverthe

tonlydrewpublicattention

torearchintobackinjuriesbutalsoencouragedalotof

peopled

wheniwasgrowingup,idonotrecallhearingthewords“i

loveyou”urfatherneversays

___56___toyouwhenyouareachild,itgetstougherand

tougherforhim___57___(say)thowordsashegets

___58___(old).totellthetruth,icouldnothonestlyremember

___59___edto

tmyego(自我)asideandmakethefirstmove.___60___

somehesitation(犹豫),inournextphoneconversationiblurted

out(突然说出)thewords,“dad…iloveyou!”

therewasasilenceatthe___61___endandhe___62___(shy)

replied,“well,samebackatyou!”ilaughedandsaid,“dad,i

knowyouloveme,andwhenyouareready,iknowyou

___63___(say)whatyouwanttosay.”

afewweekslater,dadendedourphoneconversationwiththe

words,“paul,iloveyou.”iwasatworkduringthis

conversationandthetearswererollingdownmycheeks

___64___ifinally“heard”thsattherein

tearswerealizedthatthisspecialmoment___65___(take)our

father-sonrelationshiptoanewlevel.

e

hadtospendalldaybed,eother

childrenweren’tallowedtocomenearhim,he(spend)hisdays

feelingsadandblue.

therewasn’tmuchhecoulddobutlookoutofthewindow.

oneday,hesawamonkey,busy(blow)

while,asmoreandmorecrazy-lookingcharactersappeared

outsidewindow,heburstoutlaughingandfoundithardto

dn’thaveen(funny)things:apigplayinga

tambourine(小手鼓),anelephantjumpingonatrampoline(弹

床),andadogwearingapairofglass…beforelong,his

(physics)conditionimprovedsomuchthathewasabletogo

backtoschoolagain.

therehegottotalktohisfriends,andtellallthestrange

ewastalkingtohisbestfriend,he

sawstickingoutofhisfriend’askedhis

frienditwas,andhewassoinsistent(坚持的)thatfinallyhis

friendhadtoshowhimwhatwasinthebag:there,inside,were

allthefancy-dresssuitsanddisguis(伪装品)hisbestfriend

hadbeenusingtotrytocheerthelittleboyup!

26to27which28waschanged29however30mylf31

the32until33solved34unfortunately35tocomplete

68../

ated

al22.

【篇三：英语语法填空训练题及答案】

面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入

一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

（一）

deargrace,

iarrivedinshenzhenfor(16)______triplastweek.(17)______

(18)______(my)

(19)______(one)timehere,soeverything(20)______(look)

fresh(新鲜的).(21)

______dayiwentshopping

andboughtsomething(22)______(interest).igotlostonmy

waybacktothehotel,(23)______itdidn’lygo

outandhavedinnerinarestaurantandittakesmeabout(24)

______any

(25)______(photo),soyoucanewhenicomebackhome.

eyou!

yours,

linda

（二）

hello,i’hreegood(16)______(friend).weare

different(17)______

oneyear(18)_______(old)smuchtallerthan

tballishis

ry(19)______(fun)

n(20)______(make)

like(21)______(read).

heisshorterthananyofus.(22)______heisasheavyasme.

heisgoodat(23)______(draw).helikesdrawingpicturesalot.

i’m(24)_____(quiet)reallfriendlytoeach

other(25)______canshareeverything.

（三）

lastweek’stalentshow(16)_______reallysuccessful.(17)

______alltheperformers,lipingandlihuawerethe(18)_____

(winner).lipingis(19)_____

talentshow,hecould(20)_____(play)sixballsatthesame

(

21)_____(win)theprizeforthemost(22)____(excited)

great

ldputknives(刀)intothebodyofaperson.

(23)_____thepersonwasn’soafraidthat

someofusshouted(24)____(loud).shewasthemostcreative

performeralthough(25)_____(she)showwasthemost

frightening(令人恐惧的).

（四）

mrhuntalwaysgetsupearlyinthemorninganddoes

morning(16)_____(exerci).hethinks

(17)_____(him)ishealthyandnevergoestoe(18)______

doctor.

(19)______thisweekmrhuntlooks(20)______(worry).

becaulastfridaymorningwhen

(21)______(walk)nearthegardenhe(22)______(sudden)fell

(23)_______oodupandwent

fraidthatsomethingwaswrongwithhim.

(24)______(tell)

thedoctorwhathappenedtohim.(25)_______youngdoctor

lookedhimovercarefullyandthensaid,“i’msosorrytotell

you,tgiveupcoffeeifyouwanttobe

healthy.”

（五）

tmuchtimeeatingandsleeping.

heateonce(11)______day,andthenwenttobedandslept.

whenheslept,hissnoring(鼾声)sound(12)______veryloud.

hehardlytookexercis,(13)______

(14)______(animal)wereangryatthecat,(15)______they

couldn’tsleepwellatnight.

oneday,abigcat(16)______(plan)toteachthelittlecata

dafewanimalstohelp(17)______(he).they

wantedtocatchthelittlecatandbeat(打)e(18)

______catneverexercid,hewastooheavytomove.

whenotheranimalsranafterhim,hecouldn’trun(19)_______

(quick).heknewit’s(20)_________(importance)todo

exerciswhenhewascaught.

（六）

doyouwanttotravelonyourown?being(16)_____exchange

studentis(17)______gestudentscanlivein

aforeigncountryandlearn(18)______(it)languageand

tsgotoahighschool(19)______livewitha

hostfamily,oftenforsix(20)_____(month)

programmes(21)_____(be)n

learnalotabouta

(22)______(difference)nalsolearntobemore

independentand(23)______(feel)moreconfident(自信的).

beinganexchangestudenthelpsyou(24)______(make)

s,itcanhelpimproveyour

understandingof(25)______gestudentsshare

theirownculturewithpeopleinthenewcountryaswell.

（七）

,5._______cowtoldhimthat

hewouldmeetafairygirl(仙女)andadvidhimtotake6.

_______girl’sclothesawaywhenshewasswimminginthe

g7.______(do)way,

niulang8._______(meet)thefairygirl,llinlove

andgot9._______(marry).

10._______(luck),zhinv’sgrandmotherwangmulearntabout

11.______(take)herbackandmade

ariverintheskytoparate(分开)them.12.______(final)

wangmuwasdeeplymovedbytheirlove13.______decided

toletthemmeet14.______july7theveryyear.

（八）

mygrandparents(16)______(move)tothecountrysidesix

(17)_____(live)ke

vedtravelling

whenthey(18)____(be),they(19)_____(visit)

manycountries,suchasjapan,france,

thepast,myparentsandioften(20)_____(go)backtothe

(21)____(note)themsince

lastyearbecaumyparents(22)____(busy)withtheirwork

andi(23)____(work)dmother

once(24)_____(call),

(25)_____(decide)togo

backthisspringfestivalsincewereceivedthatcall.i’msure

we’llhaveahappynewyear.

（九）

“you’llthinktwiceaboutpluckingyoureyebrows(拔眉毛)16.

______youfindtheirimportantrole,”e

oneof17._______mostexpressive(有表现力的)partsofour

bodies.18.______youreyebrows,youcantellyourfeelingsto

otherpeople.19._______isthattheironlypurpo(目的)?

oververalthousand20._______(year),wehavelostlotsof

bodyhair,soit’sstrangethathairstill21._______(remain)on

ientistssaythateyebrowsmainlyworkas

22.______,their

jobisso23._______(importance)thatsomerearchersare

surethatifwedidn’thave24.______(they),we’dhaveevolved

(进化)someotherfacialfeaturesto25.________(do)thesame

task.

（十）

myname’sjimbrown.i’vetaughtinchina(16)_____5years.i

don’tliketowriteletters,

(17)_____ienjoy(18)_____(get)lettersfrommyfamilyand

wayssayyouhavetowritelettersifyou

expectto(19)_____(get)tisn’t(20)_____(truly).

r,ialwaysgetlotsof

rommybrotheringermanytwoorthree

(21)______(time)amonth,andigetlettersregular(定期地)

frommysisterinparisandfrom(22)______(friend)inbritain

inharry(23)_____(work)inanairline

companyandtravelsallaround(24)_____esto

dofharry’swritestomesimply(仅仅)

(25)______helearnsthaticollectstamps.

（十一）

itiswidelyagreedthatthebrainisoneof(6)______most

nfunction(功能)istostore

(储存)ilityiscalledmemory.(7)________

goodmemorymeansalot,(8)________howdopeoplehavea

goodmemory?first,enoughsleepwouldbevery(9)________

(help).thescientistsfindoutifyouarelackinginsleepfora

longtime,yourmemorywillslowdown(10)________(quick).

cond,trytorelax(11)________(you)regularly(定期地).think

aboutthehappythings,(12)_______thiswillkeepyouaway

fromalltheterrible(13)________(memory).iftheyareallgone,

,the

memorizingmethodsalsoplay(14)_______importantrolein

memorizing

(15)_______(thing).ifyouofteneathing,youcankeepitin

yourlong-termmemory.

（十二）

there’remanymethodstohave(6)_______goodmemory,

suchasassociating,creatingimages,developing(7)_______

interestinthesubject(8)_______havingabreakorrest.

somepeoplehave(9)_______(good)memorythanothers(10)

_______theyarebetterat

(11)_______(create)ingscometotheirbrain,

theywillrecallswiftly(敏捷地).

(12)______addition,buildingaconnectionhelpspeople

showsthatpractice

canimprove(13)______(we)mple,we

developourabilitiestosolvemaths(14)_______(problem)by

portantly,weshould(15)

________(have)abreakorrestafterlearningforalongtime

becauhavingaresthelpsourbrainstomakenew

connections.

（十三）

amagician(魔术师)ience(观众)

wouldbe(16)_______(difference)everyweek,(17)_______

wasonlyoneproblem:(18)______parrotsawtheshowach

weekandbeganto(19)_______(understand)howthe

understood,hestarted

shouting,“look,it’snotthesamehat”,“look,heis(20)______

(put)theflowersunderthetable.”themagicianwas(21)_____

(anger)butcouldn’,afterall,thecaptain’s

theshiphad(22)______

magicianfound(23)_______(he)onapieceofwoodinthe

ocean(24)______aredateachotherwith

hate,ntonforsome(25)______

(day).afteraweektheparrotsaid,“ok,’sthe

boat?”

（十四）

youmayhavetrouble(6)_____(learn)ea

few(7)______(idea)tohelpyoulearnalanguagewell.

learningthepronunciationofalanguageis(8)______

learnthis(9)

________listeningtothelanguageasmuchaspossibleover

theradioorontv.

buildingupyourvocabularyinaforeignlanguagecantake

many(10)________(year).learningwordsfromthecontext(上

下文)inwritingandspeakingmaterialsisprobablythebest

way(11)_______(do)this.

learningthegrammarofalanguagecanmakeyouunderstand

(12)_____ntencesareconstructed(构成).andthenyoucan

constructyourownntences.(13)______bestwaystolearn

grammarwell(14)_______(be)totakenotesand(15)________

(remember)someimportantntences.