名词性从句专项练习

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名词性从句讲解

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从

句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名

词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面

1.考查名词性从句的语序问题2.考查引导词that与what的区别

3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4.考查whether与if的区别

5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6.考查名词

性从句的虚拟语气问题

语法要点剖析

一、名词性从句

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句

通称为名词性从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,who,which.

连接副词：when,where,how,why

1.主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，

whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词

在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从

句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It+be+名词+that从句（2）It+be+形容词+that从句

（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句（4）It+不及物动词+that从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，

常用的句型有：

Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…

Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…

Itissuggested(requested,propod,desired,etc.)that…

2.宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中

可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列

句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.

我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等

意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。例如：

Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。

Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)toffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。

2.用who，whom,which,who,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句

相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。

Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

2

Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作

“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动

词不定式时。

例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.

月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用

不同时态。

例如：hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（从句用一般现在时）

hestudiedEnglishlastterm.（从句用一般过去时）

Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.（从句用一般将来时）

hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.（从句用现在完成时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将

来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．

,believe,imagine,suppo等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句

中的否定形式移到主句中。

例如：Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。

3.表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系

动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：

Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是becau。例如：

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemisdthetrainbyoneminutethismorning

4.同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、

demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promi、question、request、suggestion、

truth、wish、word等。例如：

Thenewsthatwewonthegameixciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，

起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

名词性从句专项练习100题

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