路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索-百度文库
111
(1)资产负债表的定义。
资产负债表被称为第一会计报表,是总括反映会计主体(公司/企业主体)
在特定日期(时点而不是时期)财务状况的会计报表。
资产负债表(BalanceSheet)简称资产负债表,英文的Balance有平衡以及
差额、余额两种涵义,因此我们也可以说资产负债表也具有这两种涵义。一为左
侧与右侧金额相等;一为同一科目左右比较求其余额。
用簿记的术语,称资产负债表的左侧为借方(资产),右侧(负债和所有者
权益)为贷方(先不要问为什么,左借右贷早已无借贷的实际意义,背下来再说),
左右各项目的内容可以简称总账名称。
资产负债表是根据资产、负债、所有者权益之间的相互关系,按照一定的分
类标准和一定的顺序,把企业在一定日期的资产、负债、所有者权益各项目予以
适当排列,并对日常工作中形成的大量数据进行高度浓缩整理后编制而成的。它
表明企业在某一特定日期所拥有或控制的经济资源,所承担的现有义务和所有者
对净资产的要求权。
(2)资产负债表的作用。
为什么要编资产负债表呢?因为通过资产负债表,我们可以:
①了解企业所掌握的经济资源。
②分析企业的偿债能力。
③反映企业所承担的债务和投资者所持有的权益。
④分析企业的财务状况。
每一公司的组织结构虽然不尽相同,但最后各部门均将其成果换算成数字送
交财务部门,在结算时将这些数字汇编成册,即为财务报表。其中又以资产负债
表最为重要,它不仅表示在结算日企业的财务状况,同时还反映着公司所有经营
活动的成果。换句话说,资产负债表是反映管理者、员工等分工合作的一份成绩
单。
谈到为何要编制这份成绩单,应该先从企业内部说起。在企业内部位居负责
企业运作要职的经营者、管理者,可以经由此表正确地掌握企业的动态。再说对
外,可以借这份表向出资的股东报告,以获得他们的支持,还可以借这份表说明
企业的纳税标准,完成纳税义务。如果银行、客户及其他有业务关系者需要,同
样也可依据此表,说明企业的现状。
WhatIstheFunctionofaBalanceSheet?
Abalancesheetisasnapshotoftheastsacompanyowns,thedebtsit
owes,eofthetoolsmanagement,lendersand
investorsutoasssacompany'thardto
understandabalancesheet,butyouneedtoknowhowthepartsofabalance
sheetfunctionandtheroleitplaysinprovidingacompletepictureofthe
company.
的作用是什么资产负债表吗?
资产负债表是资产的快照的债务公司拥有它欠多少价值。这是一个工具
管理、投资人和金融机构使用评估公司的整体情况。不难理解资产负债表,但是
你需要知道如何资产负债表的各个部分功能的作用;它是在提供完整的图片的公
司。
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索-百度文库
222
Identification
cesheetsummarizesacompany'sfinancialconditionata
ngofthecompany'sasts
followedbyasimilarlistofthecompany'sliabilities.
Equity(orshareholders'equity)iscalculatedby
subtractingthetotalliabilitiesfromthetotalasts(thus,totalastsalways
equaltotalliabilitiespluquity).Actionwithexplanatorynotesmaybe
included.
1。资产负债表总结了一套公司财务状况在某一特定的时间。它由三个主要部分。
一上市的公司的资产被放置在顶部。这是继以类似的列表公司的责任。股票(或
股东权益)被放置在底部。股权从中减去总负债计算从总资产(因此,总资产始终等
于总负债加上股权)。出具有解释性说明一段可能被包括在内。
TimeFrame
mpaniesprepareaformalbalancesheetonceayearand
untsfromthepreviousyearare
fr
formalbalancesheetshouldbereviewedbyanindependentauditortoverify
onallyyouwillrunacrossaninterimor
unctionthesamewayandareoftenpreparedas
aninternaldocumentcompanymanagementustoasssparticularissues.
时间框架
2。大多数公司准备一份正式的资产负债表一年一次和它包含在年度报告。
自去年以来量经常上市和目前为目的的数据进行比较。这种正式的资产负债表要
进行审核由独立审计师验证了算法的准确性和完整性。偶尔你会碰到临时或部分
资产负债表。这些函数一样,是常常准备作为一个内部文件公司管理用来评估特
定的事而发作的。
Features
"Asts"
thecategoriesincludeaccountsreceivable,cashandcashequivalents,
fixedasts(land,buildingsandequipment),inventory,
companyhasinvestedmoneyinprojectstoimproveitsreputationand
relationshiptoacommunity,thismaybelistedasan"intangibleast."
ashandcashequivalentsyou
mighteentries,bilities
ctionwillbestructuredthesameway,listingaccountspayableandbonds,
andshort-termdebts.
Function
balancesheettoevaluateacompany'
orspayparticularattentionto
geaproportionofdebtcanindicateacompanyis
overextendedandmightnotbeabletomeetitsobligationsintheeventofa
-termdebts
(suchasbondswith20-or30-yearmaturities)arepreferablesincetheyentail
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索-百度文库
333
lesscashoutlayinthenearfuture.4。使用资产负债表评价公司的财务状况。问
问自己如何所列事项。投资者注意的责任。太大的比例的债务可以指示出公司是
过多,可能无法实现其责任业务活动,经济衰退。债务的类型是很重要的。长期负
债(如债券20-或30年的到期日)均较好,因为他们需要的现金减少支出在不久的
将来。
Considerations
cesheetfunctionsbestwhenyouplaceitincontextwithother
information,suchaspastperformance,sales,marketshareandplansforthe
mple,ifinventorylevelshaverinfromthepreviousyearfaster
thanrevenues,thismayindicatesomeofthecompany'sproductsarenot
vantageoftheexplanatorynotesincludedwiththebalance
sheet--theycanaddressconcernsoralertyoutopotentialproblemsthatmay
notbeobviousatfirstglance.
DefinitionandExplanation:
Abalancesheetisastatementdrawnupattheendofeachtrading
periodstatingthereinalltheastsandliabilitiesofabusiness
arrangedinthecustomaryordertoexhibitthetrueandcorrectstate
ofaffairsoftheconcernasonagivendate.
Abalancesheetispreparedfromatrialbalanceafterthebalancesof
nominalaccountsaretransferredtothetradingaccountortothe
ainingbalancesofpersonalorreal
accountsreprenteitherastsorliabilitiesattheclosingdate.
Theastsantliabilitiesareshowninthebalancesheetina
classifiedform-theastsbeingshownontherightsideandthe
liabilitiesonthelefthandside.
资产负债表是起草的一份声明中每年年底的交易期间在陈述的资产和负债
所有业务安排在习惯以展现真实和正确的状态有关事务的在某个特定的日期。
资产负债表是试用了名义上的天平,后的余额转移到帐户交易帐户或于损益帐
内。剩下的平衡的个人或真正的帐户或资产或负债代表的截止日期。这些资产蚂
蚁负债是在资产负债表中所示的分类形态——资产表现在右边责任在左手边。
1、Definition
ABalancesheetisafinancialstatementthatsummariesthefinancial
positionofacompanyonaparticulardate(usuallytheendoftheaccounting
period).
2、Function
可掌握企业的经济资源及其分布与结构
可了解企业的财务实力、短期偿债能力和支付能力
可了解企业所承担的债务和所有者在企业中拥有的权利
可预测企业将来财务状况的发展趋势。
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索-百度文库
444
Accounting
statementoftotalasts,liabilities,andowners'equityafinancialreport
statingthetotalasts,liabilities,andowners'equityofanorganizationata
givendate,ditsideofthe
balancesheetstatesasts,whilethedebitsidestatesliabilitiesandequity,
andthetwosidesmustbeequal,orbalance.
example:Astsincludecashinhandandcashanticipated(receivables),
inventoriesofsuppliesandmaterials,properties,facilities,equipment,and
alsoneedto
reflectdepreciationinthevalueofequipmentsuchasmachinerythathasa
limitedexpectedufullife.
Liabilitiesincludependingpaymentstosuppliersandcreditors,outstanding
currentandlong-termdebts,taxes,interestpayments,andotherunpaid
expensthatthecompanyhasincurred.
Subtractingthevalueofaggregateliabilitiesfromthevalueofaggregate
astsrevealsthevalueofowners'y,itshouldbepositive.
Owners'equityconsistsofcapitalinvestedbyownersovertheyearsand
profits(netincome)orinternallygeneratedcapital,whichisreferredtoas
"retainedearnings";thearefundstobeudinfutureoperations.
Asanexample:
Definition
Infinancialaccounting,thebalancesheetisoneoffourstandardfinancial
statementsandisasummaryofacompany’sfinancialpositionatagivenpoint
ancesheetnormallyisbrokendownintothreemain
elements—asts,liabilities,andnetequity—toshowwhatthecompanyowns
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索-百度文库
555
ualtoincludeintangibleastssuchasgoodwill
lly,abalancesheetis
publishedattheendofthecompany’sfinancialyearwhentheaccountshave
beenaudited,butitmayalsobeproducedattheendofaquarter,half-year,or
otherspecifiedperiod.
Ofthethreeelementsonthebalancesheet,theastsarenormallylistedfirst,
ferencebetweenthetwoistheequity,or
worth,itymaybereferredtoasnetasts,
shareholders’equity,itywillalwayqualtheasts
minustheliabilities,or,converly,theastsmustequaltheliabilitiesplus
theequity:
Equity=Asts–Liabilities
or
Asts=Liabilities+Equity
Thebalancesheetisalwaysdrawnupsothattheastsareprentedinone
ctionwiththeliabilitiesandequityintheother,andtheymustmatcheach
other,orbalance(hencethetitle“balancesheet”).Double-entrybookkeeping
ea
corporatebalancesheettendstobelengthyandcomplex,itisusually
publishedinthecompany’sannualreport,typicallywiththatoftheprevious
yearalongsideforcomparativepurpos.
资产负债表总是画的资产,给出了用一段的责任和公平的,他们必须相配,和平衡
(因此的名称为“资产负债表”)。双式簿记用来记录每一行的价值在资产负债表。
因为公司资产负债表往往是漫长的和复杂的,它通常是发表在该公司的年度报告,
通常有上一年的与进行比较的目的。
TheInternationalAccountingStandardsCommitteeisresponsiblefordrawing
tspublishedtothis
realsoanumberof
country-specificbodiesthatdrawupaccountingguidelines,and,dependingon
thecountrywhereacompanyisbad,suchstandardsmaybeobligatory.
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索-百度文库
666
Theastsonabalancesheettypicallyincludethefollowingitems:current
astssuchasinventory,accountsreceivable,cashandcashequivalents,
andprepaidexpens;long-termastssuchasproperty,plantand
equipment;investmentpropertysuchasrealestateheldforinvestment
purpos;intangibleasts,whichincludesgoodwill,patentsandintellectual
property;andotherfinancialasts.
Theliabilitiesareusuallyitemssuchas:accountspayable,provisionsfor
warrantiesorcourtdecisions,financialliabilities(excludingthetwoprevious
items)suchaspromissorynotesandcorporatebonds,liabilitiesandastsfor
currenttax,anddeferredtaxliabilitiesandtaxasts.
Thelastelementonthebalancesheetistheequity,tically,
theshareholders’equityactuallyformspartofacompany’sliabilities,asthe
sharesinfactreprentmoniesowedtotheshareholdersafterpaymentofall
tice,however,theliabilitiesonthebalancesheet
excludetheshareholders’,theequitybydefinitioniqualtothe
astsminustheliabilities,ferencebetweenthetwo.
Onthebalancesheetequitytypicallyincludes:thetotalnumberofshares
authorized,issuedandfullypaid,andissuedbutnotfullypaid;theparvalue,
lue,oftheshares;areconciliationofsharesoutstandingatthe
beginningandtheendoftheperiodcoveredbythebalancesheet;alistofany
rights,preferences,orrestrictionsoftheshares;treasuryshares,including
thoheldbysubsidiaryorassociatedcompanies;andanysharesrerved
forissuanceunderoptionsandcontracts.
WhatItMeasuresWhyItIsImportant
Thefinancialstanding,oreventhenetworthorowners’equity,ofacompany
atagivenpointintime,typicallyattheendofacalendarorfiscalyear.
Thebalancesheetshowswhatisowned(asts),whatisowed(liabilities),
andwhatisleft(owners’equity).Itprovidesaconcisnapshotofa
company’sfinancialposition.
Abalancesheetisasnapshotoftheastsacompanyowns,thedebtsit
owes,eofthetoolsmanagement,
lendersandinvestorsutoasssacompany'
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索-百度文库
777
it’eedtoknowhow
thepartsofabalancesheetfunctionandtheroleitplaysinprovidinga
completepictureofthecompany,thenItisnothardtounderstanda
balancesheet.
本文发布于:2022-12-09 11:32:17,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:http://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/88/72237.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论) |