theat

Atthe19th,modelcharacter阅读题

Inthe19thcentury,thereudtobeamodelofhowtobe

reallthetorrentsofpassionflowing

b,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdams

bistojustsaynoto

laziness,lust,greed,druguandtheothersins.

allycan’

tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodo

gwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingableto

llpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrent

’smorelikeamuscle,whichtires

er,you’ybodyaroundyou

isovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbadonan

,weknowthatfreewillis

canchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeis

notsimplebecaumanythings,evenwithinourlves,are

beyondourdirectcontrol.

Muchofourbehavior,forexample,isguidedbyunconscious

chersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmore

than40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,not

chershavealsocometounderstandthe

structureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

eave

runningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogo

’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnack

imeyoufeelthecueforasnack,inrtanother

alk.

Theirrearchthusimpliesadifferentcharacter

model,whichissuppodtomanipulatetheneural（神经系统的）

networksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresuppod

tocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabits

suppodtodevistrategies

elationshipbecomes

slightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwith

’retryingtoaroucertainresponsby

implantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becautheimportanthabitual

neuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybe

eburnedinbyemotionand

strengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsfor

admirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,the

wayanadvertircangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’

ictoriansunderstood,ifyouwantto

changeyourlife,don’to

somelargerglobalbelief.

fthefollowingisakeyelementinthe

19th-centurycharactermodel?（B）

.

19th-centurymodelsuppodlydoesnotworkbecau

D.

orkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime.

parisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless.

ewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully.

eremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrol.

themainimplicationoftherearchatDuke

University?（A）

skeytoone’’sbehavioris

difficulttochange.

asan

unidentifiedstructure.

ingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehavior

couldbealteredthrough（A）.

manipulatethehabitualneuralrespons.

stopalltheformerunconscioushabits.

questodevidifferentphysicalcues.

questosupplementoldroutines.

nfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel

（C）.

nudtochangebehaviorsuccessfully.

etterwithemotionalaspectsofbehavior.

estheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabit

change.

ngaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhat

advertirsdo.