depicts

Transcendentalism?

InNewEngland,anintellectualmovementknownastranscendentalism

ementbegan

amonganinfluentialtofauthorsbadinConcord,Massachutts,andwas

manticism,Transcendentalismrejected

both18th-centuryrationalismandestablishedreligion,whichforthe

d,the

transcendentalistscelebratedthepowerofthehumanimaginationto

communewiththeuniverandtranscendthelimitationsofthematerial

nscendentalistsfoundtheirchiefsourceofinspirationinnature.

Emerson’ssayNature(1836)wasthefirstmajordocumentofthe

transcendentalschoolandstatedtheideasthatweretoremaincentraltoit.

HisotherkeytranscendentalistworksincludeTheAmericanScholar(1837),a

volumeinwhichheaddresdtheintellectual’sdutytoculture,andSelf-

Reliance(1841),anessayinwhichheasrtedtheimportanceofbeingtrueto

one’snature.

Puritanism?

ThewordPuritanismisoriginallyudtoreferthetheologyadvocatedbya

mPuritanismisalsoudina

broaderntorefertoattitudesandvaluesconsideredcharacteristicofthe

eenemployedtodenotearigidmoralism,orthe

condemnation谴责ofinnocentpleasure,orreligiousnarrownessadheredby

ricanPuritanismascultural

s

PuritaninfluenceoverAmericanRomanticismwasconspicuouslynoticeable.

TheAmericanPuritansacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsin

andtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgrace

fromGod.

Freever?

FreeVer,istherhymedorunrhymedpoetrycompodwithoutattentionto

risudtodeliverpoetryfreefromthe

restrictionsofformalmetricalpatternsandtore-createinsteadthefree

ngtotheAmericanpoetWaltWhitmanas

theirprecursor,theywrotelinesofvaryinglengthandcadence节奏,usually

tionalcontentormeaningoftheworkwaxpresd

rhasbeencharacteristicoftheworkofmany

modernAmericanpoets,includingEzraPound,andCarlSandburg.

LocalColorism?

Post-CivilWarAmericawaslargeanddiver(variounoughtonits

alvoiceshademergedfromnewlyttled

olorismisa

lly,theworksby

localcoloristsareconcernedwiththelifeofasmall,well-definedregion.

Thiskindoffictiondepictsthecharactersfromaspecifiedttingorofan

era,whicharemarkedbyitscustoms,dialects,landscape,orother

peculiaritiesthathaveescapedstandardizingculturalinfluence.

naturalism?

Inliterature,thetermreferstothetheorythatliterarycompositionshouldaim

atadetached,

movementisanoutgrowthof19th-centuryscientificthought,followingin

generalthebiologicaldeterminismofDarwin’stheory,ortheeconomic

ically,naturalisticwritingsareusually

unpolishedinlanguage,lackinginacademicskillsandunwieldyinstructure.

Philosophically,thenaturalistsbelievethattherealandtrueisalways

partiallyhiddenfromtheindividual,orbeyondhiscontrolandthatmenare

controlledandconditionedbyheredity,instinct,chanceandaboveall

ewritersofnaturalisticfictionwereStephenCrane,

FrankNorris,SherwoodAndersonandTheodoreDreir.