24字母

希腊24个字母读音以及在单词中读音

ΑαAlpha

现代希腊语发音[a],asin"father".Sameas[a]ically,this

soundis:open,central,andunrounded.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΒβBeta

现代希腊语发音[v],asin"vet";avoicedlabiodentalfricative.

古希腊语发音,asin"bet";avoicedbilabialplosive.

ΓγGamma

现代希腊语发音[gh],owedbythesoundthenit

soundsalmostliketheinitialsoundin"woman",butwiththebackofthetonguetouchingmore

totheback(soft)ounce[gha],trytoisolate"w"from"what"withoutrounding

yourlips,andthensay[a].InCastilianSpanishthissoundexistsin"amiga".Sameistruefor

[gho]:tryeliminatingthesoundfrom"water".(h:"amigo".)Ontheotherhand,dueto

aphoneticphenomenoncalledpalatalization,[ghe]soundsabitlike"ye"in"yes",and[ghi]

soundsabitlike"yi"in"yield".Phonetically,gammaisavoicedvelarfricative.(Its

palatalizedversionisavoicedpalatalfricative.)

古希腊语发音[g],asin"got";avoicedvelarplosive.

ΓδDelta

现代希腊语发音[th],asin"this";avoiceddentalfricative.

古希腊语发音[d],asin"do";avoicedalveolarplosive.

ΔεEpsilon

现代希腊语发音[e]asin"pet",exceptthatthe[e]in"pet"(andinmostotherEnglishwords)

islax,whileinGreekitisten.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΕδZeta

现代希腊语发音[z],asin"zone",ly,theremarkforsigma

(ebelow)appliestozetaaswell(itisshiftedabittowards[Z],asin"pleasure").

古希腊语发音[zd],asin"Mazda".Also:[z],andeven:[dz].

ΖεEta

现代希腊语发音,asin"meet",butshorter,oneofthethreeintheGreek

alphabet;sonforthisredundancyhastodowith

ClassicGreek,wheretheywerenotredundant.

古希腊语发音longopenmid-[e],asin"thread"(butlong).

ΘζTheta

现代希腊语发音[th],asin"think";ilianSpanish:"zorro".

古希腊语发音[th],asin"top",butmoreaspirated.

ΗηIota

现代希腊语发音,exactlylikeeta(eabove).Thenameoftheletterispronounced"yota"in

ModernGreek.(thereasonforthey-soundinfrontoftheletter'snameisduetophonetic

transformationof[io]into[yo]).

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΚθKappa

现代希腊语发音[k],asin"pack".NoticethatinEnglish[k]isaspiratedifitisatthe

beginningofaword;llowedbythevowel[e]itis

pronouncednearlyasin"kettle",whilewhenfollowedbyitispronouncednearlyasin"kill".

Fortheexactpronunciationinthelasttwocas,pleacheckthepageonpalatalization.

Phonetically,itisavoicelessvelarplosive.(Itspalatalizedversionisavoicelesspalatal

plosive.)

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΛιLambda

现代希腊语发音[l]asin"lap".Whenfollowedbythevoweditbecomespalatalized,turning

toasoundthatdoesnotexistinEnglish(checkthepageonpalatalization).Thenameofthe

letterispronounced"lamtha"(iliminatedbecauitisdifficulttopronounceitbetween[m]

and[th]).Avoicedalveolarlateralapproximant.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΜκMu

现代希腊语发音[m],asin"map";thatthenameoftheletteris

pronounced"mi"(mee),not"mew"asinAmericanEnglish.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΝλNu

现代希腊语发音[n],asin"noble";llowedbythevowedit

becomespalatalized,turningtoasoundthatdoesnotexistinEnglish(butexistsinSpanish;

checkthepageonpalatalization).Noticethatthenameoftheletterispronounced"ni"(nee),

not"new"asinAmericanEnglish.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΞμKsi

现代希腊语发音[ks]asin"fox".ContrarytotheEnglish"x",theletterksidoesnotchange

pronunciationatthebeginningofaword(itdoesnotbecomea[z];Greekshavenotrouble

startingawordwith[k]+[s]).Donotputanyaspirationbetween[k]and[s]whenpronouncing

thisletter.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΟνOmicron

现代希腊语发音[o]asin"hop",exceptthatthe[o]in"hop"(andinmostotherEnglishwords)

islax,ke[o]in"got"thewayitispronouncedinBritish

-clobackroundedvowel.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΠπPi

现代希腊语发音[p],asin"top";thatinEnglish[p]is

aspiratedifitisatthebeginningofaword;Greekmakesnosuchdistinction.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΡξRho

现代希腊语发音[rh],asoundthatdoesnotexistinEnglish(butexistsinScottish).Sounds

verymuchliketheItalian,orRussian[r],ortheSpanish[r]in"caro".(Spanishspeakers:in

Greekthereisnodifferenceinhowlongyoutrillyourrho;bettertomakeitlikein"caro"than

likein"carro".)Phonetically,itisavoicedalveolartrill.

古希腊语发音-initially:aspirated:[hr]

΢ζοSigma

现代希腊语发音[s],asis"soap";ly,ifyoulisten

carefullytonativeGreekspeakers,itsoundsabitbetween[s]and[sh](probablybecauthere

isno[sh]inGreek,sothesoundissomewhatshiftedinthephonologicalspace).However,itis

muchclorto[s],ratherthan[sh],andeveryGreekspeakerwouldsweartheypronounceit

exactlyliketheEnglish[s],unlessforcedtoadmitthedifferencebylookingatspectrograms.

Thisistheway"s"ispronouncedinCastilianSpanish(asoppodtoLatinAmericanSpanish).

Noticethatthecondwayofwritingthelowercasigmaisudexclusivelywhentheletter

appearsattheendofaword(thereisonlyonecapitalform);thisrulehasnoexceptions.

古希腊语发音ProbablyasinModernGreek

ΣηTau

现代希腊语发音[t],asin"pot";thatinEnglish[t]is

aspiratedifitisatthebeginningofaword;Greekmakesnosuchdistinction.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΤπUpsilon

现代希腊语发音,exactlylikeetaandiota(eabove).Thenameoftheletterispronounced

[ipsilon](ee-pe-lon),not"yupsilon"asitiscalledinAmericanEnglish.

古希腊语发音Rounded,asinFrench"une".

ΦθPhi

现代希腊语发音[f]asin"fat";avoicelesslabiodentalfricative.

古希腊语发音[ph],asin"pit",butmoreaspirated.

ΥρChi

现代希腊语发音[ch],asoundthatdoesnotexistinEnglish(butexistsinScottish,asin

"loch";German:"Bach";Spanish:"Jorge").Whenfollowedbyvowels[e]oritispronounced

nearlyasinGerman"ich".Fortheexactpronunciationinthisca,pleacheckthepageon

ically,itisavoicelessvelarfricative.(Itspalatalizedversionisa

voicelesspalatalfricative.)

古希腊语发音[kh],asin"cut",ce

ΦςPsi

现代希腊语发音[ps]asin"lopsided".ContrarytoEnglish,thesoundoftheletterdoesnot

changeatthebeginningofaword(itdoesnotbecomea[s];Greekshavenotroublestartinga

wordwith[p]+[s]).Forexample,inthewordpsychologia(psychology)theinitial[p]soundis

utanyaspirationbetween[p]and[s]whenpronouncingthisletter.

古希腊语发音AsinModernGreek

ΧσOmega

现代希腊语发音[o],exactlylikeomicron.(Onceagain,thereasonfortheredundancyistobe

foundinClassicGreek.)

古希腊语发音Longopenmid-back[o],asin"law".

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ΑΗαη

现代希腊语读音Exactlylikeε(epsilon,5thletter,eabove)

古希腊语读音[ai],asin"buy".

EIεη

现代希腊语读音Exactlylikeη(iota,9thletter,eabove)

古希腊语读音[ei],asin"bay".

ΟΗνη

现代希腊语读音Exactlylikeη(iota,9thletter,eabove)

古希腊语读音[oi],asin"boy".

ΟΤνπ

现代希腊语读音,alreadyexplainedinthepreviousparagraph

古希腊语读音AsinModernGreek

ΑΤαπ

现代希腊语读音[av]ifthefollowingsoundisvoiced,and[af]ifthefollowingsoundis

unvoiced

古希腊语读音[au],asin"loud".

ΔΤεπ

现代希腊语读音[ev]ifthefollowingsoundisvoiced,and[ef]ifthefollowingsoundis

unvoiced

古希腊语读音[yu],asin"feud".

ΖΤεπ

现代希腊语读音[iv]ifthefollowingsoundisvoiced,and[if]ifthefollowingsoundis

unvoiced

古希腊语读音~[e:u].

ΤΗπη

现代希腊语读音Exactlylikeη(iota,9thletter,eabove;alsoreadcommentbelow)

古希腊语读音~[yui].