丘吉尔简介

第1页共9页

丘吉尔简介英文

WinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(November30,1874-January24,

1965),Britishpolitician,historian,painter,speaker,writer,

journalist,Wasborninthearistocraticfamily,thefatherofLord

RandolphrvedasBritishChancelloroftheExchequer.

WinstonLeonardSpencerChurchillwasbornin1874inOxfordCounty,

England,1940to1945and1951to1955twiceasthe

BritishPrimeMinister,isconsideredoneofthemostimportant

politicalleadersofthe20thcentury,leadingtheBritishpeoplewon

theSecondWorldWar,isoneoftheYaltaConferenceBigThree,

Afterthewarpublishedironcurtainspeech,officiallyopenedthe

preludetotheColdWarbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSoviet

etheunwantedwarwonthe1953NobelPrizein

Literature,withMemoirsoftheSecondWorldWar16volumes,English

illisoneofthemost

numerouspeopleinthehistoryofEnglishwords(morethan120,000),

bytheUSmagazinecharacterastheworldsmostpersuasiveone

hundredyearsthemostoneofthegreatspeaker,haswontheNobel

1929to1965,for36concutiveyears

2022,theBBCheldasurvey

calledthegreatest100British,theresultsofChurchillwalected

asthegreatestBritishever.

温斯顿伦纳德斯宾塞丘吉人物生平

Earlyexperience

November30,1874,ChurchillwasbornintheUnitedKingdomOxford

第2页共9页

illisapremature

child,becauhisfatherRandolphChurchillisbusywithpolitics

andhismotherandindulgeincommunication,Churchillyouthrarely

feelthecareoftheirparents,onlywithhisnannyforgedadeep

affection.

In1881,7-year-oldChurchillwasnttoaschoolofaristocratic

school,Churchillistheschoolsmostnaughty,mostgreedy,oneof

theworststudents,sooftentheteacherscorporalpunishment,and

laterhadtotransfertoanotherSchool.

In1888,ChurchillenteredtheEtonpublicschoolafterHarrow

publicschool,buttheresultsarestillpoor,althoughChurchills

pooracademicperformance,buthesucceeded,thekeydependsonhis

overallquality,LordRandolphdecidedAfterhissonChurchill

graduatedhewasnttotheRoyalMilitaryAcademyofSanghurst.

InAugust1893,Churchillenteredtheschoolscavalryprofessional

study.

In1895,Churchillpoliticallyunhappyfatherdied.

InFebruary1929,Churchillgraduatedfromthemilitaryacademy,was

assignedtothefourthhussarsregimentlieutenant.

InOctober1895,justasLieutenantColonelChurchilludthe

holidaysandfriendstogotoCubatoexperiencetheSpanishand

eofhisfathersrelationship

第3页共9页

ChurchillwasfancybytheBritishintelligencedepartment,hewas

responsibleforcollectingtheSpanisharmyudbythebullet

hroniclealsohiredhimasanarmyreporter,

publishedforthenewspaper.

InNovember1895,afterthewar,aSpanishRedCrossMedieval

ChurchillreturnedtoEngland,CubatriptoChurchillfellinlove

withwritingandjournalistlife.

In1896,ChurchillmovedtoIndiawithhistroops,wherehehadtime

toreadalotofhistory,ater,the

northernIndiantribebrokeoutagainsttheBritisharmeduprising,

afterthenewsChurchillimmediatelyinvitedthefaketoCalcutta

HeraldandDailyTelegraphreporterinterviewedtheBritishmilitary

action,hewasTothetwonewspapersissuedonthebasisofthe

manuscriptsandthenaddtheirowncollectionofotherinformation,

writethefirstbookMaraKandefieldarmydocumentary.

1898MalakandFieldArmyDocumentarypublishedintheUK,followed

bythepublicationofthenovelSaPiluoLa,theBritishandSudan

warriverwar.

InSeptember1899,Churchill,whohadresignedfrommilitary

rvice,traveledtoSouthAfricaasamorningpostreporterto

aytotheBritishsoldiers

onthewaytobecometheSouthAfricanprimeministeroftheendof

theprisoners,ChurchillAlthoughthemilitaryjournalists,but

becauofitsweaponsandtoparticipateinthefighting,theBulls

第4页共9页

refudtoreleahim.

InDecember1899,Churchillwaxtremelyboldandsucceededin

escapingalone,withthehelpofalocalBritishcitizen,fledtothe

BritishConsulateofLorenzo-Marquis(nowMaputo,Mozambique).In

March1900,Churchill,whohadbeenfightingveraltimes,finally

returnedtoEngland,andChurchill,whowasknownthroughoutthe

countrythroughthejailbreak,decidedtoizetheopportunityand

enterpolitics.

Politicalcareer

InOctober1900,Churchill,whoreprentedtheBritishConrvative

Party,

Parliament,althoughheisamemberoftheConrvativeParty,but

criticizedtheConrvativegovernmentsmanypolicies,criticizedthe

governmentintheBritishclothwarpolicy,andinsistedagainstthe

governmentsmilitaryexpansionplan,inthesuccessofthe

governmentsmilitaryproposalaftertheadoptionoftheHouof

CommonsChurchillwenttotheoppositeofthegovernmentontrade

iclyexpresdoppositiontoPrimeMinisterNeville

Chamberlainspolicyoftradebarriersandinsistedonmaintainingthe

principleoffreetrade,whichmadehimbreakwiththeConrvative

Party.

In1904heclaimedtobeanindependentConrvative,andeventually

in1905JanuarywastheConrvativePartytocancelthemembership.

第5页共9页

InMay1905,hesatintheoppositionparty.

In1906,theLiberalPartycametopowerandChurchillwasappointed

t

importantachievementinhistermwastopromotetheautonomyof

SouthAfrica.

In1908,PrimeMinisterAsquithcametopower,Churchillwas

appointedMinisterofCommerce,formallyenteredthecabinet,the

officetopromotethemandatoryunemploymentanddisabilityinsurance

workers,andobstructtheNavytoincreathebudget.

September2,1908,whenthethenMinisteroftheChurchofthe

ChurchillandthearistocraticbutpoorfamilyClementineKhaoZier

married,about1,400peopleattendedthewedding,thekingalso

prentedtothecoupleacarvedAcanewiththeMalcolianfamily

emblem.

In1910ChurchillbecameMinisteroftheInterior,contributedto

thereformoftheprison,andwascriticizedforhisunrulyattitude

tfamousactiontookplace

inJanuary1911Orderedthemilitarytosuppressthestrikeand

paradeactivitiesthatisfamousSednaStreetkillings,whenthe

policelearnedthatagroupofEasternEuropeanarchistsrobbeda

jewelrystore,Churchillpersonallyarrivedatthescenecommandto

surroundtheaction,mobilizedthecannon,army,Tosuppress.

OnOctober25,1911,ChurchillexchangedpositionswithMcKennaand

第6页共9页

transferredtotheNavyMinister.

InJanuary1912,ChurchillformallyestablishedtheCombatStaffin

theNavy.

InFebruary1912,ChurchillpublishedaspeechattheGlasgowfor

theGermanNavy.

InJuly1914,theoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar.

August1,1914,ChurchillreceivedGermanyhasdeclaredwaron

Russia,thetelecommunications,issuedtheirownnavalmobilization

order,thenextdaytogetthecabinettorecover.

InJanuary1915,ChurchillapprovedtheNavysplantocapturethe

DardanellStrait,butintheendtheNavywasunabletocapturethe

strait,andpaidahugeprice,makingtheBritishatthebeginningof

thewaradvantage,ChurchillbecametheConrvativeviolentattack

Object.

InMay1915,PrimeMinisterAsquith,whodecidedtojointhe

coalitionwiththeConrvatives,waxemptedfromthepostof

MinisteroftheChurchillNavyandnthimtotheMinisterswhowere

doutofthepoliticalcircleof

Churchilldecidedtoresign,rushedtotheFrenchfronttopersonally

participateinthewar.

InMay1916,ChurchilldroppedofficeoftheRoyalScottishMaur

第7页共9页

Group6battalioncommander,andgaveuptherankoflieutenant

colonel,backtoParliament.

InSeptember1916,theDardanellStraitWarInvestigationCommittee

wastablished,inJanuarythefollowingyeartheCommitteeissueda

reportforChurchilltoregaintheopportunitytoriinthe

politicalarena.

InJuly1917,LiberalPartyleaderLloydGeorgeannouncedthe

ill

promotedanumberofnewinventionsthathadfar-reaching

implicationsforfuturewars,includingtanks,airplanesandchemical

gas,fferofChurchill,theUK

quicklyexpandedthescaleofthetanktopromotetheuofaircraft

inthewar.

InNovember1918theBritishheldthefirstgeneralelectionafter

WorldWarI,aftertheelectionChurchillinthecabinetasthearmy

ntoadjustthe

Britisharmy,andadvocatedapositiveinterventionintheRussian

illwasalsoknownforhisfirmanti-communist

position,withtheonlyexceptionbeingintheSecondWorldWar.

In1921,ChurchillwastransferredtotheMinisterofColonial

Affairs,part-timeAirForceMinister,begannegotiationswiththe

IrishSinnFein,andultimatelyallowedIrelandtobecomealeaderof

theBritishEmpire.

第8页共9页

In1922theelectionoftheLiberalPartyfiasco,Churchillhimlf

rsofwar

haveleftthevotersleft,andthevoterswhohadsupportedthe

LiberalPartyhadfallenheavilytotheLaborParty.

Churchillwasdefeatedagaininthe1923election,andtheLabor

illrealizedthatthe

LiberalPartysforceshadbeguntodeclineandthatitwasdifficult

tobecomepoliticalforcesthatcouldcompetewiththeConrvatives

inpolitics,andthathegraduallyalienatedtheLiberalPartyand

movedclortotheConrvatives.

InMarch1924,Churchillwalectedasanindependentantisocialist

andsuggestedthatallotheroppositionparties,suchastheLiberal

Party,

finalelectionresultsChurchillor43voteslost.

Inthesummerof1924,theLaborPartywastupforninemonths,

andChurchillwalectedtotheConrvativePartyonbehalfofthe

ConrvativePartyandwasappointedMinisterofFinancebyPrime

rchillhimlfdidnotknowanything

aboutfinance,andpromotedthere-uofgoldintheUK.

ChurchillandtheRamsayAdmiraltocheckthecombatmap(4photos)

In1926,theBritishWorkersUnionannouncedanationalstrikefor

minerssalary,andChurchilltookatoughstanceonthestrikeand

e

第9页共9页

theprintingworkersalsojoinedtheranksofthestrike,the

newspapercouldnotbepublished,andChurchillorderedthe

governmenttoissueaBritishgazettetopublicizethegovernments

policies.

In1929,theBritishre-election,theelectionofChurchillhimlf

althoughwinover,buttheConrvativePartyandtheLiberalParty

inthenationwidedefeat,RamyMacDonaldsLaborgovernmentre-

knownasthewildyearsofthedayisChurchills

politicalcareerinthelowesttide,heintheparliamentinaddition

tocriticizingthegovernmentspropodautonomyprograminIndia,

anddecidedtonegotiatewiththeCongressParty,mostofthetime

forwriting,includingHasbeenintherialoftheworldcrisisand

myearlylife,thereisabookaboutthefatheroftheDukeof

Marlboroughbiography.

Inaddition,healsovisitedtheUnitedStates,visitingtheUnited

Statesandpoliticalleaders.