advocation

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freedom,thepromotionofdeploitation(开拓,经营)eis

individualism:lffirst,personalneedfirst,pursueofindividualbenefitandenjoyment,emphasizeonachievingindividual

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tric:.⾃我中⼼的,利⼰主义的Americancitizens

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anshaveverystrong

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migratefromcountrysidetocities,fromdowntowntouptown;andfromnorthtothesouthernsunnyland,fromonecityto

Europeancountries,rmore,withtheadvocationofpublic

education,oplelivinginthestates,nomatter

whethertheyareNativeAmericanorimmigrantsfromoveras,havethesamedreamofchangingtheirsocialclassand

whattheyoftencalled"Americandream".advocation：

(=advocacy)拥护；⽀持美国⽂化的主要内容是强调个⼈价值,追求民主⾃由,崇尚开拓和竞争,讲求理性和实⽤,其核⼼是个⼈中

⼼主义：个⼈⾄上、私欲⾄上、追求个⼈利益和个⼈享受,强调通过个⼈奋⽃、个⼈⾃我设计,追求个⼈价值的最终实现.这种刻

意塑造⾃我,追求个性化的个⼈主义有其积极的⼀⾯,也有消极的⼀⾯.它调动了个⼈的积极性,使许多⼈的智慧和潜⼒得以充分发

挥,从⽽促进整个民族与国家的振兴和发展.然⽽,⼈⼈以我为中⼼,⼈际关系就难以融洽,整个社会也会缺乏凝聚⼒.美国公众注重

成就,仰慕英雄,有深厚的成就崇拜和英雄崇拜的⼼理积淀.个⼈成就是所有美国⼈价值观中评价的价值之⼀.美国⼈有很强的成就

(或成功)意识.成功是所有美国⼈的追求,是诱⼈的前景,前进的动⼒.他们坚信,⼀个⼈的价值就等于他在事业上的成就.⼀些事业

有成的企业家、科学家、艺术家和各类明星,成了新时代的英雄.他们个⼈奋⽃的过程和结果,成了社会⽂化价值取向的参照系,⽗

母教育⼦⼥的活教材.美国是流动性很⼤的社会.这种流动体现在两个⽅⾯：地域性流动和社会性流动.美国相对的开放⾃由、发

达的交通和冒险好动的传统使许多美国⼈从乡村流到城市,⼜从市中⼼流向郊区；从北⽅流到南⽅阳光地带,从⼀个城市流到另

⼀个城市.美国社会阶级不像欧洲国家那样固定,加上公共教育的普及,使沿着社会阶梯向上流动成为可能.许多⽣活在美国的⼈,

⽆论是⼟⽣⼟长的美国⼈,还是漂洋过海来到美国的外国移民,都有⼀个梦,即通过⾃⼰的努⼒,改变⾃⼰的社会地位,实现⾃⼰的

⼈⽣梦想,这就是⼈们常津津乐道的“美国梦”.