dismal

托福词汇同近义词、同类词归纳

=abundant=enough=adequate=bountiful=sufficient

(交谈)=talk=discuss

(相反的、逆向的)=counter

4.几种树木名称：oak橡树walnut胡桃木willow柳树

pine松树elm榆树

e散发=exhale=

a)emanate表现、显示、表明=imply=demonstrate显露

=show=manifest=indicate=enunciate=enlighten阐明

=signify

稀疏、贫乏=rare

ate繁殖=rai=reproduce

ate散布、传播

=spread=disper=disminate=diffu=travel=distribute

=permeate=transmit=percolate（新闻）

orecarnivoreomnivore(食草、食肉、杂食动物)

(小路)=path

(追踪、痕迹)=trace=imprint

=wrench(扭伤)strain=

nt(稳定的)=stable=steady=consistent=sustained

nt持续不变的

=consistent=continued=continuous=persistent百折不挠

的

(采用)=assume

(批准，通过)=

=drive

(有义务的)=obligated=enclo=mandatory=

界限

=boundary=compass=range=scope=parameter

(跳跃)=hop(跳上。。。短途旅行)=skip=jump=leap

21.各种学科：linguistic语言学anatomy解剖学

meteorology气象学terminology术语学geology地质学

miotics符号学pedagogy教育学ornithology鸟类学

morphology形态学tectonics地壳构造学mechanics机

械学geometry几何学aviation航空学psychology心理

学sociology社会学stratigraphy地层学mythology神话

学ethnology民族学ismology地震学

(全盛期)=climax

=doze

(堵塞、障碍)=congest=jam

ling=universal=popular=pervasive

line(训练)=drill

sive（颠覆性的）=revolutionary

(打磨)=polish磨光、润色=burnish=gloss

(碾碎)=crush

ive(目标)=target=aim

ive(客观、无偏见的)=impartial

sh(繁荣)=thriving=booming=mushroom=buoyant

eral(不重要的)=unimportant

(困境)=

=store=hoard=deposit

(血统、世袭)=lineage

(常用的)=

=tout=

=

(使气馁、沮丧)=discourage=deject

ional=orthodox=conventional=customary

e=trick

(发芽、生长)=grow

(迅速出现)=flourish

=notion

(光泽、荣耀)=gloss

pond=accord=match

ve=e=obrve

(缕、方面)=gment

ative=option=choice=substitute=replacement

ative=optional有选择的=elective=lective

(突然发生)=burstout=

喷出=

擦掉=rub=brush

ve=design=imagine

te=reprentative

te授权=authorize=mandate=empower=entitle

s加工=dispo处理

s过程、程序=procedure=circle

一群=huddle人=throng=swarm物

e=parate=insulate

发出=produce

排放、放射=radiate

lity能力=ability=potentiality=faculty

n=expression

不透明的=impenetrable

难懂的=sophisticated有学问的。智者

拖=pull

意味着=connote=suggest=signify

t=illness=sickness

lage=hide=disgui伪装、假装

=belie=fake=mask=pretend

ent执行、使生效=verify=valid=ratify批准

=approve=transact交易、处理=execute

ent工具、器械、材料

=tool=facility=device=equipment=apparatus=instrument

ned=plain=unembellished

弯曲、曲线=bend

e闪光

d=primate

使衰竭=drain=exhaust

液、汁=fluid

ry=acoustic

le挥发、不稳定的=unstable

ial=astronomical=heavenly

84.各种主义：behaviorism行为主义provincialism地方主

义racism种族主义reciprocity互惠主义

humanitarian人道主义pluralism多元主义

progressivism进步主义eclecticism折中主义nationalism

民族主义bureaucracy官僚主义empiricism经验主义

cubism立体主义terrorism恐怖主义utilitarian功利主义

er=term

tive=prolific多产的=fertile能繁殖的

得出、引出=educe

负担=abide

给予、提供=provide=offer=supply

e=u=employ=manipulate=operate=apply=exploit

ic偶发的

dict=refu

融化，缓和=melt=defrost

=principle

ome讨厌的=repulsive

混乱=mess

纠缠=twist=plague=distort=misreprent=spiral盘

旋

te=contrary

butor=subscriber

us=terminal=end=destination

mi妥协=yield

le合格的=qualified

103.使某某化：specialize专业化mechanize机械化

modernize现代化focalize调节焦距、使集中

crystallize明确、结晶liquefy溶解、液化vaporize汽化、

使蒸发magnify放大、扩大colonize殖民地化idealize实

现、理想化dramatize戏剧化typify特征化

rate=increa=quicken=hasten加速。加快

e有延展性的=plastic

ny=harmony

e=contract

te=asss=estimate=apprai=measure

憔悴的=pale=painful

=indigent=poor=destitute=poverty-stricken

=extinguish熄灭=smother=perish毁灭

bance打扰=interference=stir

=deficiency

=flake

部分、组成部分

=gment=part=constituent=component=element=ction

=profession

picuous不显眼的=unapparent

ish添加、补充

=supplement=complement=complete

l最优的=optimum

混合物=component

导致=cau=generate=trigger=kindle=render

比例=proportion=ratio

等级=rank

r反对、抵制=refute=disprove=rebut=

=banner

=sign

ive爆炸性的

e柔韧的、顺从的=flexible=supple=amenable

诀窍=formula

否认=negate=refu

e=dress

t肆虐的=wild=extravagant

te产生=produce

hicMesolithicPaleolithic新、中、旧石器时代

tive=novel=inventive

删除=cancel=abolish=revoke=calloff=annul

ic全面的=comprehensive

虚弱的=weak=feeble

视觉的=visual

ogical=unreasonable

ogical=diad

s=transcend=surplus=exceed

us=past=preceding=prior=former

=breast

d=unsubstantiated

d=disabled

al=intellectual

me=marine

ent=mainland

=misreprent

ntation=file=archive

=x

=epidemic

ate恶化=deteriorate变坏=erode=sour

ate激怒

=incen=infuriate=irritate=outrage=enrage

ce=dependence

=uncovered=hairless

rdinary=exceptional=special=remarkable

ate刺激=motivate=evoke=impel=spur=activate

良性的=innocuous

=kind

able恰当的=fair=pertinent=relevant

e=prisoner

able=pleasant

t吸引、诱惑

=lure=draw=allure=charm=fascinate=tempt=entice=ob

ss

=tube=ho

e=wrinkle=rumple

=personnel=crew

=movement=locomotion=remotion移动、运动

ogy=abnormality

t=rush

book=pur=wallet

ly=successfully

ty忠实=loyalty=allegiance

ty=accuracy精确

l=incomplete

=abnt

rate=restore

=hit

ing=hopeful

icate=cultivate养育

=incubate=rear=rai=foster耕种、培养=nourish=instill

慢慢灌输

e=oven=kiln

ation=fulfilling=awareness

ar独特的，稀少的，罕见的

=distinctive=parate=different=unusual=rare=scarce=in

dividual=special=unique=particular

185.反常的、异常的peculiar=

=erratic=eccentric=odd=abnormal=bizarre=anomalous=

aberrant

186.

nding=eminent=preeminent=prominent=toweri

ng=lofty=distinguished=brilliant=giant=salient=distinct

杰出的、显著的

=shield

筛选=censor=sieve=sift=filter

=well-founded=reasonable=legitimate=decent得

体的=appropriate=proper合适的=suitable

有效的=effective

=expel=deport

喷出=erupt

计划=plan=design

=intrigue阴谋

t=counl=confer

e=arrange

=throb=impul

oir=storage

r诽谤=assassinate

e掌管=、统治

wield=reign=dominate=predominate=monopolize

e=flight=transplant=

=concept=thought

ble易怒的=

t委托令、特许证=mandate=charter

ute起诉、控告=indict、accu=charge=blame

ign=monarchy=imperial

聚集、召集、集合

=ally=aggregate=gather=pack=crowd=bunch=converge=

asmble

=potential=underlying潜在的

ile使调解=mediate=ttle=harmonize

下级的=inferior=subsidiary=affiliated附属的

che=landslide

凶残的=cruel

猛烈地=violent=drastic=acute=inten

r=patronize

r=benefactor=patron

sto宣言、声明=charter

=crime=suspect

=concord=convention公约、协定、条约

=presidency

mate=legal=juridical

tion娱乐=amument

e欺骗=con=deceive=fraud

e碰撞、冲突=conflict=combat=battle=jar

宝石

us=poisonous=toxic=noxious

ra=meaning=explain

=value

=danger=risk

=tough=vere恶劣的

=plump=fat

ference周边=periphery=perimeter边缘

ize宣传=adverti=promote

策略=technique=artifice=strategy=tactic

r首要的=foremost=leading=chief=paramount

=systematic

沮丧、忧郁的=gloomy=blue=

y描绘=picture=depict=describe

it肖像、描述=picture=description=depiction

nian奢华的（巴比伦人）

=luxurious=sumptuous=magnificent=splendid=ornate=ex

clusive

ty容量=capability=volume=bulk

遗迹=remains

rent无礼的=

rium礼堂=hall

ortation运输

稀释、冲淡=waterdown

c=malleable

堆=pile=heap=mound

椭圆的=elliptic

纺织品=textile=cloth=posit

构造=framework=texture

ry=diligence

e争论=argument=debate=controversy=conflict

散文=pro=comment

=comedy

t没收、罚款=penalty=expropriate=confiscate

ory义务的、强制的

=imperative=obligatory=voluntary

ered=extinct

ic=striking吸引的

=inviting=attractive=intriguing=engaging=glamourous=t

antalizing=templing=fascinating

ic巨大的

=immen=great=tremendous=gigantic=titanic=cosmic=p

rofound=vast=huge=big=giant=bulk=mighty=mammoth=

prodigious

ic戏剧性的=theatrical

征收=impo

e限制、束缚

=restrict=limit=repress=cramp=subdue=constrain

制定法律=legislate=constitute

降低、减少、削弱

=reduce=alleviate=relieve=dwindle=lower

=soothe=descend=fall=diminish=deba=devalue=decreas

e=drop=decline=shrink=lesn=fall=drop=minimize=deca

y=slip=sap=impair=weaken=alleviate缓和、缓解

压紧的、紧凑的

=compresd=tout=compact=condend

tee保证=pledge=assure=undertake

nate协调、一致

=harmonize=cooperate=accord=align=conform=agree

rate开创=initiate=originate起源=derive

簇、束=gang=wisp

征募=recruit

材料=material

=hearsay传闻=gossip=scandal流言蜚语

陡峭的=steep=stark

t改变

=change=alter=transform=vary=switch=fluctuate波动

t耗尽=drain=deplete

mmaximum=utmost最大值

增加、加强、上升=surge大=explode大

=increa=augment=amplify=strengthen=leap大

vation=prervation

玷污=smear=tarnish败坏=contaminate

覆盖物、斗篷、地幔=cloak

d笨拙的=clumsy

tive共同的=common

ebratevertebrate无脊椎、脊椎动物

断裂=break=burst

功绩，壮举=achievement=act=deed

on=balance

后方的=foster

ct=visible明显的、精确的

=apparent=clear=stark=conci=explicit=direct=preci=

accurate=exact=perspicuous

同意=asnt=approve

us=many=countless

惰性的=inactive=idle=indolent

t=tting=environment=circumstance环境

t=carry=convey=transport=relay=transfer=tran

smit

不足的=deficient

racy阴谋=plot=intrigue

inate=kill=murder

颁布、判决=verdict=issue发行

模仿、仿造

=mimic=simulate=imitate=copy=fake=pretend=feign=mi

me

嘲笑、鄙视、讽刺=ridicule=scorn=laugh

at=dismiss=gibe=satire

修正、修饰=review=modify=fix

进展=sledding=stride

ion统一、联盟、联合、联合体

=ally=alliance=confederacy=combination=unity=unificati

on=amalgamation

d遗传=inherit

dant后代

=offspring=posterity=progeniture=progeny=successor

dent=progenitor=ancestor=forerunner=precurs

or=predecessor

te荒芜的=derted=obsolete

ge=remnant遗迹=trace=residue=remains

ensable=necessary=requisite=integral=imperati

ve

聪明、智慧=intelligence=brightness

ate=amalgamate=combine=coordinate=incorpor

ate合并=consolidate

geable无法逾越的

=impassable=insurmountable

捐赠、资助=donate=patronize=subscribe

ary对手

=contender=opponent=rival=competitor

y少量=bit=sprinkle

宣称、声明

=announce=declare=declaim=proclaim=pronounce=anno

unce=declare断言=asrt

r庇护所=haven=harbor=shield=veil（面纱）

te亲密关系=affinity

深思熟虑、思考=contemplate=meditate

ss鲁莽的=irresponsible=bold=rash

a=fortunate=lucky

h穿过=thread

渗出=leak=ep

s开端、起源=derivation=origin=cradle=source

=rustic乡村的（idyllic田园风光的）

=dedicate奉献

e时期、阶段=period=stage

促进、推动

=accelerate=incite=facilitate=impul=spur=propel=impe

tus

l悦耳的=melodious=tuneful

nt遭遇、面对=face=encounter

时代=epoch=age=time

通知、告诉=inform=appri

敏捷的=brisk轻快的=agile

ful慷慨大方的=generous

使饥饿=starve

=area=domain地区、区域

=territory=region=zone=realm=sphere=province

潮湿的=moist

调味品=ason=condiment=flavor=ingredient

=obscure朦胧的

ant重要的

=significant=noteworthy=major=main=momentous=prin

cipal

=timber=log=wood

闲逛=amble=ramble=wander=saunter=stroll

tic实际的=realistic=practical

阻碍、障碍=tback

te挖掘、出土=unearth=dig

ty位置=position=site

e保卫=siege=envelop

e假设

=assume=hypothesize=premi=postulate=posit

l躲藏、遮蔽=stash=shroud=obliterate=cret

ble美味可口的

=tasty=yummy=delicious=delectable=toothsome

dial首要的=primeval=primitive

bute分发、分派

=apportion=allocate=dispatch=allot

e相反的=opposite=inver（倒数）

h抓痕、抓=scrape=score

边缘=edge=rim

antage缺点

=shortage=drawback=handicap=deficiency=scarcity

冷漠的=indifferent=remote=chilly=distant

=depository=storehou

密码、法典=cipher

=collision冲突

获得、达到、收获

=get=acquire=procure=gain=attain=accomplish=achieve

=reach=cure

lleled无与伦比的

=unequaled=matchless=peerless=unprecedented

包含、吞并

=involve=include=incorporate=assimilate吸收、同化

on=intrusion=aggression=incursion入侵

d欺骗的=deceptive=fraudulent

e鸟类羽毛=feather

财产=posssion=property=ast

熟练的=adept=dexterous=proficient

on梗概、综述

=digest=summary=epitome=panorama

nt灯丝=wick

偏远的=distant

随机的、任意的=arbitrary=haphazard

ary专横的=tyrannical

ial=fundamental基本的、本质的

=substantial=elementary=rudimentary

375.安慰=soothe=console=conciliate=pacify=reconcile

强壮的=strong=sturdy=stout=dogged

洞穴=cave=cavity=chamber

=drench弄湿

uous接壤的=neighboring

ice偏见=bias

t预言、预期、预示

=expect=foree=foretell=anticipate=bode=herald

te装饰=adorn=ornament=beautify=embellish

松散的=unconsolidated

次一等的=subordinate=lesr=inferior

e轮廓、侧面=epitomize=dimension

ok忽视=neglect=disregard=unaware=ignore

空闲的=vacant

tical不切实的=unrealistic

uisite先决条件=precondition

te延长、拉长=prolong=lengthen=extend=stretch

cial商业的=mercantile

te=restore修复=renew=repair=recover恢复、

复原=rehabilitate改造

g持久、永恒的

=permanent=everlasting=eternal=endless

s=own具有

n洞察=identify区别

=spot=recognize=discriminate=penetrate

碎片=debris

叛变=defect

ind迷惑

=maze=confu=baffle=bewilder=infatuate

ous=forgetful忽视的

=unaware=innsible=unconscious=ignorant=negligent=n

eglectful

推迟=delay

主旨、中心、本质、实质

=esnce=core=kernel=substance=significance=thrust=m

otif

us=strict=preci严格的、缜密的=demanding

苛求的

峡谷、沟壑=ravine=canyon

le争论=quarrel=argument

ible兼容的=coherent=harmonious=consistent

调和的

ract抵消=offt

阻碍、使受挫、妨碍=obstruct=impede=block

=thwart=baffle=frustrate=hamper=hinder=balk

on=additive

ry=kind=sort种类

积聚、积累=accumulate=cumulate

le可行的

=practicable=workable=accessible=reachable=available

ship=calligraphy书法

tible易受感染的、敏感的=contagious=allergic=

irritable过敏的

nt=wage污水、废水

ity正直、完整=honesty

416.常见化学元素名称potassium钾calcium钙

sodium钠magnesium镁aluminum铝zinc锌

ferrum铁lead铅hydrogen氢cuprum铜silver

银helium氦carbon碳nitrogen氮

oxygen氧silicon硅sulfur硫cholesterol氯iodine碘

每年biannual每两年一次decennial十周年

centennial百年纪念millennial千年纪念

ous贪婪的、狼吞虎咽=greedy=insatiable

fy阐明、澄清=clarify=explain=expo

=melted融化的

e多样的=different=varied=various

ite陨石meteor流星

峰会、顶峰=pinnacle=peak=top=maximum

=lowest=bottommost=lowermost=nethermost

低谷、低潮、最小值

寒冷的=freezing=wintry=cold=icy=chilly

ynthesis光合作用photodissociation光解作用

re未成熟的=unripe

ation定位=direction

产量、输出量=yield=export=production

e=unamiable=unfriendly不友好的

sity亮度=light=radiance

ost最外面的=farmost=utmost

微弱的=subtle=tiny

r=sleep=doze睡眠

努力、奋斗=struggle

把……归于=attribute=ascribe=attach=accredit

a惰性、惯性=sloth（树懒）

n=legume=soy大豆

=element=ingredient要素、因素=ingedient

rate=penetrate渗透、渗入=percolate

ve溶解=leach

溶质solvent溶剂solution溶液

nce香味、芬芳、气味、花香

=aroma=odor=perfume=scent=bouquet=smell

olate推测、预测=generalize=infer=deduce

壁画、壁饰=fresco

=map=graph图表

ss国会=parliament

y便利设施=facility

y愉悦、适意

=pleasantness=niceness=attractiveness

ish再装修=redecorate

t古老的=archaic=old=dated=antiquated

le=handy便携的。轻便的=moveable=convenient

le门徒、弟子=follower=adherent

t展览、陈列=display=show=proclaim显现

=strip带子=band=belt=leash=tie

雏形、胚胎

=infancy=beginning=rudiment=ed=basis=origin

ple四倍的triple三倍的double双倍

t赤字surplus盈余

=proverb

ntal水平的perpendicular=vertical垂直的

te解放=emancipate=discharge=relea=expel释

放

侵蚀、腐蚀=corrode=rot

=internal=interior=intrinsic=inherent=inborn=in

nate内在的、天生的、固有的、

=external=exterior=extrinsic外在的、非本质的

esque别致的、如画的

=scenic=beautiful=vivid=quaint=pictorial=flamboyant艳

丽的

gia=homesickness乡愁

site、特权、津贴=privilege=franchi

ent=bankrupt破产的、财力不足的

sate补偿=redeem偿还、付清

=recoup=recover=offt

n保持、支持、承受

=keep=support=maintain=suffer=embrace=bolster

pondent记者、报道者、通信者

=communicator=reporter=journalist=columnist

city弹力=resilience=flexibility

s单调乏味的、无聊的=boring=monotonous

=essay

c瓷器=porcelain=china

吞食、吞没=consume=engulf=merge

柔和的=soft=gentle=mild

tute代替=replace

sance复兴、再生=revival=renewal

core强调=stress=emphasize

m遵守、服从=obey=comply

m适应=adapt=follow

外壳=shell=crust地壳

484.趋势trend=tendency=drift=inclination=propensity癖

好倾向于=slope

t漂泊流浪的=floating=aimless=drifting

us严重的=rious=dangerous=mortal

无礼的=impertinent=rude=bold

拒绝=withhold=disallow

ld抑制、忍受

=prevent=keep=prerve=rerve=save=tolerate=endure

=withstand=prohibit

e蹒跚=stagger

c混乱的=disordered=messy

混乱

=disorder=confusion=turmoil=mess=turbulence

名声=reputation=name=status

ous怨恨的=malicious=mean=hostile

拉力、压力=stress=pressure

le敏感的=delicate

=class阶级

t恳求、乞求=beg

e=rest=spare=free空闲

l澄清=discover

id勇敢的=fearless

e常规的=regular

尊敬=respect=homage

闪光=spark=flare=glare

e分泌=excrete

ssive逐步的=gradual

无力的=weak=frail

注入、涌入=arrival=inject

acle容器=container

k基础=basis=foundation

ty特征、特性

=characteristic=feature=individuality=uniqueness=perso

nality

rch家长=master=chief

ïve=innocent天真的

s=winding=zigzag=tortuous曲折蜿蜒的

使担心=winding

ery机构=organization

ional=orthodox传统的

=customary=conventional=habitual

e=carve=inscribe雕刻

l愤世嫉俗的、冷嘲热讽的

=sardonic=scornful=satirical=ironic=mocking=satiric

minate歧视=differentiate

tion=profession职业

干草=stover

rian=vega

rganism=microbe微生物=germ

诗歌、韵文=poetry=rhyme

tial证书=certificate=diploma文凭

=qualification

ive=universal普遍的=prevalent=extensive

shing=lush茂盛的

ing=extreme极端

使具体化、代表

=incarnate=incorporate=reprent=express

迅速的=fast=ready

uent=later

ty大灾难=catastrophe=disaster=tragedy

e=fu=unite

l使枯萎=languish

l=moral=puritanical

=expand=inflate

ate=complex=completed

ment=game=match

te=proponent

ul=mighty

=defen=protection

=protect=defend

使相形见绌=outshine=eclip（遮住）

c=typical经典的

闷热的=fuggy=sticky

ment赞美=prai

=nuisance

天才=talent=

天赋=endowment=talent=gift

认为=consider=regard

lora

ful=beneficial

ity死亡率natality出生率

ge潜水=dive

粗糙的=coar

污点=spot

le多样的=various=manifold

cratic贵族的=patrician高贵的

cracy贵族、贵族阶级、高贵=gentry绅士=nobility

上流社会人物

ate不同的=different=dissimilar=variant

e=allow=admit=grand承认

et使不安=unea

n超过、泛滥、横行=exceed=surpass=

ent=relevant=relative相关的

宽恕、仁慈=condone=sympathy

tion过渡时期、转变

=conversion=intergrade=interim

ty少数、少数民族=fewness

重新开始=resume

ude重要性=importance=significance

l=appliance家用工具、器皿

淀粉=fecula

憎恶=disgust=hate

tion=custom=tradition

刺=spur=spear=punch打孔

=puncture=pierce=penetrate=thrust

=sundown

混合=mix=combine=mingle

y严重性=riousness

ted自负的=pretentious=boastful=vain

l=awful=bad

il安静的、平静的

=peaceful=quiet=calm=quiescent

t借口=excu

=swoop猛扑

ant=contaminator污染物

柔软的=delicate

ant不断的=continuous=continual

igence=intellect智力

出生背景=background

lent相同的=identical=equal=same=parallel

lent对等物=counterpart

e=forerun先于、。。。。

模糊的=faint

ble公正的=just=fair

沼泽=swamp

肮脏的=disgusting=filthy

ion=erosion腐蚀

t谨慎的

=discreet=careful=cautious=nsible=meticulous

ble=unttled=disputable

t沉淀、堆积=ttle=precipitate

t寄存、储蓄=rerve=store

t沉积物=diment=residue

e库房=warehou

y幻想=imagination=illusion

ish渲染=exaggerate

r=overcome

ntal=adventitious偶然的

=occasional=fortuitous=casual=sudden

ate挥霍、浪费=waste=squander

e血统=ancestry

idate=strengthen巩固=cure=firm

up=reinforce

=spiritual=intellectual

铺=cover

缩小=dwindle

房客=occupant

p发展=evolve

dize危及=endanger

neity自发行为spontaneous自发性的

荒唐的=ridiculous

ary典型的、模范的=typical

eous肆无忌惮的=exorbitant=preposterous

=naked=bald

le微粒=fragment=grain

sh憔悴=pine

tency=consistence=unity=uniformity一致性

提拔、高度赞扬=promote

显著的=noticeable=pronounced=noteworthy

sh凋谢=fade=wither

wane兴衰荣枯、月盈月亏

微不足道的=nominal

al最重要的=main=esntial

i否则likewi同样地hitherto迄今

e友善的=amiable=friendly

毗邻、紧挨=abut=attach=border

ulous怀疑的=skeptical=doubtful

tion=deflection

t洞察力、领悟=perception

霉菌=mold

美德=virtue

=inn=tavern小旅馆

ct分心=stray

ve=vital=crucial决定性的

ed有学识的=sophisticated

rm地形=terrain

tion饱和=satiety

t生存=exist

aneous同时的=synchronous

gm典范=example=instance

e=leaf

ma魅力、影响力、号召力=potency

or暗喻、隐喻simile明喻

伤痕=slash

rating令人兴奋的=exciting

652.