一般过去时及动词的过去式变化规则
一般过去时
1)、表示过去发生的动作或出现的状态,用动词的过去式来表达,如:
Iwasatthelibraryyesterdayafternoon.
Tomstudiedhardanddidwellinthefinalexamlastyear.
2)、动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种:
规则动词的过去式:
①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。wanted,played
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d。hoped,lived
③重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母,
再加-edstopped
④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed。studied,worried
以元音字母+y结尾的动词,直接加-,enjoyed
规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住:清后[t],元浊[d],[t][d]
之后读[id]。
①清辅音后,ed要读[t]。worked,finished
②元音或浊辅音后,ed要读[d]。lived,called
③[t]或[d]后,ed读[id]。started,needed
不规则动词有其自己的变化形式,只能分别记忆。
----bought
---hung(悬挂)-met
-won(赢得)---came
-woke(醒)-read15let-let(详见课本《不规则动词表》)
3)句式及其变化:
动词过去式的句式:
否定句是在was/were后面加not,wasnot(wasn't)/werenot(weren't)。
一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首,要求首字母要大写
b.实义动词过去式的句式:
①肯定式:主语+动词过去式+其它。
如:Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.
②否定式:主语+didnot(didn't)+动词原形+其它。
如:Theydidn'twatchTVlastnight.
③一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.否定回答:No,主语+didn't.
如:Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago?
Yes,theydid./No,theydidn't.
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
如:Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework?
4)一般过去时的时间状语都是明显表示过去的,
如:yesterday、lastnight、lastweek、
in1998、threemonthsago,threeyearsago,justnow.等。
一般过去时变化规则
(1)一般在动词后加-ed。
如:play—played,offer—offered,weigh—weighed,
Destroy—destroyed,sign—signed.
(2)在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。
如:like—liked,provide—provided,hate—hated,date—dated。
(3)在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,则改y为i,再加ed。
如:supply—supplied,fly—flied,study—studied.
(4)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最
后一个辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:plan—planned,refer—referred,regret—regretted,ban—banned.
★重读闭音节三要素:(1)一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母
(2)以一个辅音音素结尾;
(3)元音字母发短元音。
★长元音:[i:][ə:][a:][ɔ:][u:]
短元音:[e][i][ʌ][æ][ə][ɔ][u]
常用不规则动词分类表
⒈A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)
costcostcost花费cutcutcut割,切hithithit打
letletlet让putputput放下readreadread读
hurthurthurt伤
⒉A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
beatbeatbeaten打
⒊A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变
runranrun跑
⒋A---B---B型
⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burnburntburnt燃烧learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习
meanmeantmeant意思hearheardheard听见
⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借给
lolostlost失去ndntnt送spendspentspent花费
⑶其他
paypaidpaid付laylaidlaid下蛋saysaidsaid说
bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买
thinkthoughtthought想catchcaughtcaught抓住
teachtaughttaught教fightfoughtfought战斗
sleepsleptslept睡keepkeptkept保持
sweepsweptswept扫standstoodstood站
understandunderstoodunderstood明白winwonwon得胜
shineshone/shinedshone/shined发光feelfeltfelt觉得
findfoundfound发现getgotgot得到
hanghanged/hunghanged/hung绞死,挂havehadhad有
holdheldheld盛,握leaveleftleft离开
makemademade制造meetmetmet遇见
llsoldsold卖shootshotshot射击
telltoldtold告诉sitsatsat坐
smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled嗅,闻digdugdug挖
⒌A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下
stealstolestolen偷givegavegiven给
freezefrozefrozen冻结taketooktaken拿
esawen看见writewrotewritten写
rideroderidden骑drivedrovedriven驾驶
throwthrewthrown抛,扔blowblewblown吹
growgrewgrown生长knowknewknown知道
flyflewflown飞drawdrewdrawn拉,绘画
showshowedshown展示
⑵过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speakspokespoken说话breakbrokebroken破碎,折断
wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒choochochon选择
forgetforgotforgotten忘记
⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过
去分词)。
beginbeganbegun开始ringrangrung按铃singsangsung唱
sinksanksunk沉swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk饮
⑷其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am,is)was/werebeen是be(are)werebeen是
dodiddone做gowentgone去
lielaylain躺wearworeworn穿
不规则动词表
不定式过去式过去分词现在分词第三人称单数注释
bearbore
borne,
born
bearingbears忍受,承担
forbearforboreforborneforbearingforbears克制,忍耐
overbearoverboreoverborneoverbearingoverbears压服,征服
bendbentbentbendingbends弯曲,弯腰
unbendunbentunbentunbendingunbends变直,伸直
bid
bade,
bid
bidden,
bid
biddingbids
出价,恳求,邀
请,力求,企图
forbid
forbade,
forbad
forbiddenforbiddingforbids禁止,阻碍
outbidoutbidoutbidoutbiddingoutbids出价高于(别人)
underbidunderbid
underbid,
underbidden
underbiddingunderbids出价较低
bindboundboundbindingbinds约束,捆绑
rebindreboundreboundrebindingrebinds重新捆绑
unbindunboundunboundunbindingunbinds解开,解放
buildbuiltbuiltbuildingbuilds建造,建立
rebuildrebuiltrebuiltrebuildingrebuilds重建,恢复
castcastcastcastingcasts
铸造,投掷,脱
落
broadcast
broadcast,
broadcasted
broadcast,
broadcasted
broadcastingbroadcasts广播
forecast
forecast,
forecasted
forecast,
forecasted
forecastingforecasts预报,预测
miscastmiscastmiscastmiscastingmiscasts
指配不适当的角
色
overcastovercastovercastovercastingovercasts
使沮丧,包缝,
遮蔽
recastrecastrecastrecastingrecasts
再铸,重塑,改
正
comecamecomecomingcomes来,成为,变得
becomebecamebecomebecomingbecomes
变为,适合,发
生
overcomeovercameovercomeovercomingovercomes战胜,克服
dealdealtdealtdealingdeals处理,分配
misdealmisdealtmisdealtmisdealingmisdeals处理不当
dodiddonedoingdoes做,干
outdooutdidoutdoneoutdoingoutdoes胜过,优于
overdooverdidoverdoneoverdoingoverdoes做得过分,夸张
redoredidredoneredoingredoes重做
undoundidundoneundoingundoes松开,撤销
drawdrewdrawndrawingdraws绘画,拉,吸引
withdrawwithdrewwithdrawnwithdrawingwithdraws撤退,退出
fallfellfallenfallingfalls落下,下降
befallbefellbefallenbefallingbefalls发生,降临
getgot
got;
(US)gotten
gettinggets
得到,到来,成
为
begetbegotbegottenbegettingbegets产生,引起
forgetforgotforgottenforgettingforgets忘记,忽略
givegavegivengivinggives给予,赠送
forgiveforgaveforgivenforgivingforgives原谅,免除
misgivemisgavemisgivenmisgivingmisgives疑虑,担忧
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