curbs

1

Chapter1ThePopulation

I2populous3race4origin5geographicaldistPrelistening

B1censusribution

6madeupof7compris8relativelyprogressively

9Metropolitandenly10decreaddeathrate

11birthrateincreasing12lifeexpectancy

D1a18.5millb80%c1/2d13.4mille2:10

f4%g1990h40%i3/4j33.1%

2a3b1c2d5e4

IIFirstListening

ST1populationbyraceandorigin

ST2geographicaldistribution

ST3ageandx

IIIPostlistening

’sRepublicofChina,India

2.281mill

2

ics(12.5%)

thandtheWest

6.20%

than5million

6years

9.2.2years

asingbirthrateandanincreasinglifeexpectancy

Chapter2:Immigration:PastandPrent

PRELISTENING

laryandKeyConcepts

immigrated

naturaldisasters/droughts/famines

percution

ttlers/colonists

stages

widespreadunemployment

scarcity

expanding/citizens

failure

decrea

3

limited

quotas

steadily

trend

skills/unskilled

DNotetakingPreparation

Dates:TeensandTens

1850

1951

The1840s

From1890to1930

Between1750and1850

1776

1882

1329

1860

Fromapproximately1830to1930

LanguageConventions:CountriesandNationalities

CountryPeople

FranceFrench

GermanyGermans

4

Scotland;IrelandScotch-Irish

GreatBritainBritons:theBritish

DenmarkDanes

NorwayNorwegians

SwedenSwedes

GreeceGreeks

ItalyItalian

SpainSpanish

PortugalPortugue

ChinaChine

PhilippinesFilipinos

MexicoMexicans

IndiaIndians

RussiaRussians

PolandPoles

TheScandinaviancountriesareSweden,Norway,

SouthernEuropeancountriesareItaly,Greece,Spain,andPortugal.

TheEasternEuropeancountriesareRussiaandPoland.

LISTENING

FirstListening

5

MajorSubtopics

ST1theGreatImmigration

ST2reasonsfortheGreatImmigrationandwhyitended

ST3immigrationsituationintheUnitedStatestoday

POSTLISTENING

cyCheck

colonistsorttlers

Dutch,French,German,Scotch-Irish,Blacks

Thethird,1890-1930

SouthernEuropeandEasternEurope

Thepopulationdoubled,therewaswidespreadunemployment,and

therewasascarcityoffarmland

freeland,plentifuljobs,andfreedomfromreligiousandpolitical

percution

thefailureofthepotatocropinIreland

lawslimitingimmigrationfromcertainarea,theGreatDepression,

andWorldWarⅡ

Theyarelargelynon-European.

Industrydoesn’tneedalargenumberofunskilledworkers。

6

Chapter3AmericanTrademarks

IB1statistics

2goodsproducing/rvice

3stricter/illegal

4percapita

5benefits/healthinsurance

6wages/workweek

7romanticize

8study/productive

9rising/opposite

10outproduce

11stresd

12matched

13stagnated

14CEOs/profits

15unions/favor

Da2b1c3d4

ⅡAST1ahistoricallookatworkinAmerica

saredoingtoday

7

ⅢA138%

23%

3rviceindustries

419%in1900;60%in1999

5＄4,200in1900;＄33,700in1999

6healthinsurance

s

8Theyarelessstresd(morevacationweeks)

9No

10toCEOs,thestockmarket,andcorporateprofits

Chapter4FamilyintheUnitedStates

Ⅰ.PRELISTENING

laryandKeyConcepts

egrating

icrole

/drastically

ivebarometer

inantconfiguration

ment/reverence

8

mity/gender

/liberation

-fulfillment

tingcouples

d/quadruppled

e/initial

e/individualism

le/on-site

e/allowances

kingPreparation

icalCues

a.2

b.5

c.3

d.1

e.4

Ⅱ.LISTENING

MajorSubtopics

ST1traditionalfamilism:mid-1940stomid-1960s

ST2periodofindividualism:mid-1960stomid-1980s

9

ST3thenewfamilism:mid-1980stoprent

Ⅲ.POSTLISTENING

AccuracyCheck

No,theyaren’t.

decliningbirthrates,risingdivorcerates,discontentofwomenwith

domesticrole

amarriedcouplewithchildren

It’sclortolf-reliance.

xualrevolution,women’sliberation.,andthemovementagainstthe

VietnamWar

theidealizationofcareerandthedriveforlf-expressionand

lf-fulfillment

Single-parentfamiliestripled;cohabitingcouplesquadrupled.

inthecondperiod

commitmenttofamily,equalityofmenandwomen,fulfillment

qualitydaycare,parentalleave,familyallowances

Chapter5Religion

Ⅰ.PRELISTENING

laryandKeyConcepts

ory

10

/Protestant

ized

teed

ishes

stimated

/played

e/revival

vative

versial/politicized

enon

r/authoritarian

kingPreparation

lyUdSymbolsandAbbreviations

a＞India＞U.S.

t.＋birthrt.→binpop.

.S.c.281mill.

.S.∵er,e.g.,droughts,famines

iondifftoday∴peoplefromLatinAm.+Asiaimmto

U.S.>fromEurope

WⅡ,esstilltrad.,i.e.,w/workingfather,

houwife,&children

11

w/ofatherinhome

RhetoricalCues

2

4

1

3

5

Ⅱ.LISTENING

FirstListening

MajorSubtopics

ST1factsandfigures

ST2UnitedStatescomparedtoothermodernizednations

csparticularlyinrecent

years

Ⅲ.POSTLISTENING

AccuracyCheck

Themedia,e.g.,televisionandmovies,usuallyignorethispartof

Americanculture

Protestants,52%,Catholics,24%

ImmigrantstoAmericacamefrommanydifferentcountriesand

religiousbackgrounds.

theUnitedStates,60%;Italy,7%;France,4%

12

freedomofworship(religion)

thatchurchandstatemustbekeptparate

conrvative

the“riofthereligiousright”

abortionandprayerinpublicschools

morecular

Chapter6Passages:BirthMarriageandDeath

Ⅰ.PRELISTENING

laryandKeyConcepts

ering/ingrained

/expectant

-to–be/pretext

sionsofenvy/reassured

dof

ed/delivery

m

ed/fiancées

red/civil

/groom/superstitious

/hazardous

ed

13

al/wake

/decead

ences/bereaved

Ⅲ.POSTLISTENING

cyCheck

ybeforethebabyisdue

2.(1)babyshowersnotalwaysasurpri,and(2)mensometimes

attend

m

de’sfamily

iousceremony

ingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowed,and

somethingblue

om

ofcremation

thycardandflowers

Unit7Multiculturalism

14

Prelistening

B.

cally/homogeneous

/impact

g/metaphor

/myth

ed/discrimination

/prejudice

/autonomous

arriage/adoption

d/exception

t/absorb

lation/generation

ntation/proponents

nt/reflects

nts/Latinos

D.

r;ontheotherhand

;

tance

r;nevertheless

15

;Instead

therhand;However;Nevertheless

rmore;also

Listening

A

Majorsubtopics

ST1themonoculturalistview

ST2themulticultualistview

ST3thepluralisticview

Accuracycheck

No

harder

themonoculturalistview

African,Asian,andNativeAmericansaswellaachnewlyarrived

group

thepatchworkquilt

No

17%

Weinherit,absorb,andchooit

e

16

opentochange

Chapter8CrimeandViolenceintheUnitedStates

1Prelistening

BVocabularyandkeyconcepts

t/aggravated

ement/stringent

-collar/embezzlement

sive/predispodto

e/shortcomings

/proliferation

edof/strikeout

lass/disproportionatedly

/socializing

/compassion

ence/bringup

ment/deterrent

iers/lacking

ver/leadsto

ts/takeforgranted

17

DNotetakingPreparation

1Structuring

aCrimestatisticsmatchpublic’sperceptionoflesscrime

bThreecondarysupportideas

11994-2001:violentcrimedecread52%

2possiblereasonsfordecrea

3statisticsonwhite-collarcrime(embezzlement,bribery,etc.)notas

clear

cTwodetailsforeachpoint

1.1994:51victimsper1000/in2001,24victimsper1000

erlawenforcementincities/stringentpenaltiesonrepeat

offenders

3statisticshardtogetand/Itdoesn’tscarepeople

2Rhetoricalcues

A2b5c1d6e3f4

@Listening

Afirstlistening

Majorsubtopics

ST1liberaltheoryofcrime

ST2conrvativetheoryofcrime

18

ST3somesolutionstothecrimeproblemintheU.S

@Postlistening

AAccuracyCheck

152%

2embezzlement,bribery,politicalcorruption,and/ordangerous

corporatepolicies

3racism,poverty,andinjustice

4No

5theliberaltheory

6bygivingthemvalues,aconscience

7socializationbythefamilyandfearofpunishment

8They’veenjoyedthebenefitsofsociety

9goodeducation,healthcare,andemployment

10conrvative

Unit9PublicEducation:PhilosophyandFunding

IPRELISTENING

BVovabularyandKeyConcepts

1compulsory

19

2cular

3curriculum/standdardized

4funds/handicapped

5exercidlocally

6elected

7fluctuates

8agreatdegree

9controversial

10nonctarian/compete

11contract/accountable

12supporters

13opponents/violates

14bill/“adequateyearlyprogress”

DNotetakingPreparation

1Structuring:Outlining

ST1Threelevelsofcontrol

AStatedepartmentofeducation

1tsbasiccurriculum

2tsnumberofcredits

BSchooldistrict

1Numbersdependonsizeofpopulationandstate

20

2Responsibilities

aSpecificcontentofcours

BDecidelectives

COperationofschools

CIndividualschool

1Teaches’responsilities

ADedidinghowtoteach

BPreparingandgivingexaminations

2RhetoricalCues

A1

B5

C4

D2

E6

F3

IILISTENING

AFirstListening

21

MajorSubtopics

ST1threelevelsofcontrol

ST2howfundingcontributestolocalcontrol

ST3threeissuesrelatedtofunding

IIIPOSTLISTENING

AAccuracyCheck

1nonationwidecurriculumtbythegovernment,nonationwide

examinationtbythegovernment

2statedepartmentofeducation,theschooldistricts,individualschools

3basiccurriculmrequirements/anumberofcredits

4theyareelectedbythecitizensofaschooldistrict.

5federalgovernment-7%，stategovernment-49%,localschool

district-44%

6religiousorganizations

7nineteenthcentury

8charterschools

9privateschools(usuallyreligiousschools)

10asadangerousstepawayfromlocalcontrolofschools

Chapter10

22

IPrelistening

laryandKeyConcepts

Postcondary/community/coeducational

accredited/standards

prestigious/competitive

transcript/standardized

extracurricular/ethnicbackground

wereenrolled

breakdown/proportions

upgrade/skills

wellverd/wellinformed

lenient/transfer

3Communitycollegesdifferfromfour-yearcolleges.

ionsrequirementsaremuchmorelenient.

tograduatefromhighschool

rtoattend

nandfeesarelower

udentsliveathome

-yearprograms

ogramsvocationalbutnotall

23

Conclusion:Differentpurpo—somepart-timeforinterest,others

full-timepriortotransfer

ing

ndfigures

ionsrequirementsvarygreatly

itycollegesdifferfromfour-yearcolleges

ofstudentbody

stening

cyCheck

4,182

fromlessthan100tomorethan50,000

fromlessthan$5,000toasmuchas30or40thousanddollars

highschooltranscriptsofgradesandtestresultsfromastandardized

examsuchastheSAT

GRE,GMAT,and/orLSAT

extracurricularactivities,ethnicbackground,and/orworkexperience

yes

AssociateofArts

65.2%

42.6%

24

Chapter11DistanceEducation

TENING

laryandKeyConcepts

gfoot

ction/parated

pondence

ited/community

e/continuous

crunches

/technology

/vary

l/download

ncy

t/traditional

pulous/alluring

tials

kingPreparation

eringNotes

,manydistanceeducationprogramshaveresidency

25

requirements.

,admissionrequirementsarethesameasforon-campus

programs.

xamplesofcomputerrequirementsthatonlinestudymight

requirearethelatestversionofWindows,amicrophoneanda

modem.(Answersmayvary.)

tsaremorelikelytocompletetraditionalprogramsthan

distanceeducationprograms.(Dropoutrateishigherfordistance

education.)

icalCues

a.2b.5c.1d.6e.3f.4

ING

FirstListening

MajorSubtopics

ST1reasonswhydistanceeducationisgrowingsorapidly

ST2howdistanceeducationworks,thatis,whatthemodesof

deliveryare

ST3somethingspeopleconsideringdistanceeducationneedtobe

awareof

TENING

Accuracycheck

bytimeandbydistance

26

bycorrespondence(bymail)

1892

90%

atthesametime

(Answersmayvary.)

No(Therearetimelimits)

No(Thereareaboutthesame)

cablemodem,DSL

No(Thedropoutrateishigherfordistancecoursandprograms.)

Unit12TheRoleofGovernmentintheEconomy

TENING

laryandKeyConcepts

hip/property

terpri

ere/laisz-faire

cts/nationaldefen

l/complywith

/publicassistance/welfare

itive/antitrust/monopoly

27

ity

on/inflation

oyment/balance

itures/interest

vative/favor

/composition

kingPreparation

tureReading

resuspiciousofstrongcentralgovernment.

federationwasunabletosolvemanyproblemsfacing

thenewnationandneededastrongercentralgovernment.

sz-faireeconomy,thegovernmentdoesnotinterfere

withtheeconomy.

he

CivilWar,thegovernmenthadmoneyforinternalimprovementsto

thecountry.

ernmentusuallytookthesideofbigbusiness.

idedemploymentforlargenumbersofunemployedpeopleand

welfareforothers,andinstitutedtheSecuritysystem.

icalCues

a.4b.5c.1d.7e.2f.6g.3

ing

28

FirstListening

MajorSubtopics

ST1toprotecttheenvironment

ST2tohelppeople

ST3tokeepthemarketplacecompetitive

ST4tomaintaineconomicstability

STENING

AccuracyCheck

songs,poems,books,inventions

Thefreedomtoproduce,buy,andllgoodsandlaborwithout

governmentintervention.

lawsgoverningcontractsandpropertyrights;nationaldefen;and

providingsunchthingsasroadsandcanals.

greater

toprotectit

Theyaretooyoung,old,orsick

agoodthing

thetelephonecompany[AT&T]

taxation,expenditure,andcontrollingtheinterestrateonmoneyit

lendstobusiness

Itraisit

29

Unit13GovernmentbyConstitution

TENING

laryandKeyConcepts(Script)

on/checks/balances

es/legislative/judicial

ng/enforced

dofbreaking/legaldispute

/consistentwith

/abu

fveto

de/putanendto

ted/resigned

titutional/legal

ights/racialdiscrimination

egation

tesacandidate/approve

eofpower

kingPreparation

tureReading

alreviewisthepowerofthejudicialbranchofgovernmentto

30

examineanddeterminetheconstitutionalityoflawspasdbythe

legislativebranch.

,reme

CourtinterpretedtheConstitutiontomeanthatithadthispowerina

famousca,n,in1803.

n

ghbothcountrieshave

provisionsforjudicialreview,theyarereluctanttouit.

ING

FirstListening

ModelOrganization

Therebranchesofgovernment

PrinciplesoftheConstitution

Divisionofpowers

Checksandbalances

1.(exanples)

2.(etc.)

STENING

AccuracyCheck

It’stheoldestconstitutionthathasbeenincontinuousu.[Ithas

beenincontinuousuforover200years.]

executive,legislative,andjudicial

31

toethatlawnactedbyCongressarecarriedout[executed]

thepresident

Eachbranchfothegovernmenthasawaytocheck,orcontrol,oneof

theotherbranchesofgovernment.

Ifthepresidentvetoesalaw,herefustosignit.

Heusuallyhasputanendtothelaw

byinvestigatingwhatitconsiderstobepossibleillegalactivitiesofthe

executivebranch

Hemighthavebeenremovedfromoffice.

AlthoughthepresidentnominatescandidatestotheSupremeCourt,

Congressmustapprovehislections.

Chapter14CommonLawandtheJurySystem

IPRELISTENING

laryandkeyconcepts

1guilty/unjustly

2innocentuntilprovenguilty

3codeoflaws

4commonlaw/precedents

5testimony/verdict

6privateparties

32

7compensatory/punitivedamages

8“beyondareasonabledoubt”

9convicted

10irrelevant/evidence/admissible

11hung

12pleadsguilty/lesrcrime

DNotetakingpreparation

1prelecturereading

Ano

BMaryBethWhitehead-Gould

C2

Dno

EBecauofthenatureofthelaw,courtswillbeobligatedto

bafuturedecisionsondecisionsmadeinthisca.

2courtroomlanguage

Acourtreporter

Bjudge

Cwitness

Djury

Ebailiff

Fdefendant

Gplaintiff/procutor

33

Hcourtroomclerk

IIIPOSTLISTENING

Aaccuracycheck

1innocentuntilprovenguilty

2Britishcommonlaw

36-12

4ajury

5civil

6criminal

7toethatthetrialisconductedaccordingtolaw

8todecidewhethertheybelievethetestimonytheyhearand

whethertheevidenceprentedtothemisvalid

9about80﹪

10becauit’sdifficulttoprovepeopleareguiltyandbecautrails

aresoexpensivetoconduct.