澳大利亚英文介绍

国名

AustraliaofficiallytheCommonwealthofAustralia,isacountrycomprisingthe

mainlandoftheAustraliancontinent,theislandofTasmania,and

eworld'ssixth-largestcountrybytotal

area.

国旗

TheflagofAustraliaisadefacedBlueEnsign:abluefieldwiththeUnion

Jackinthecanton(upperhoistquarter),andalargewhiteven-pointedstar

containsa

reprentationoftheSouthernCrossconstellation,madeupoffivewhitestars

–onesmallfive-pointedstarandfour,larger,ven-pointedstars.

TheAustralianflagusthreeprominentsymbols:theUnionFlag,theCommonwealth

StarandtheSouthernCross.

UndertheFlagsAct,theAustralianNationalFlagmustmeetthefollowing

specifications:

onFlagoccupyingtheupperquarternextthestaff;[15]

ven-pointedwhitestar(sixreprentingthesixstatesof

Australiaandonereprentingtheterritories)inthecentreofthelower

quarternextthepyeandpointingdirecttothecentreofStGeorge's

CrossintheUnionFlag;[15]

c.5whitestars(reprentingtheSouthernCross)inthehalfoftheflag

furtherfromthestaff.[15]

Thelocationofthestarsisasfollows:[15]

CommonwealthStar–7pointedstar,centredinlowerhoist.[15]

AlphaCrucis–7pointedstar,straightbelowcentrefly1/6upfrombottom

edge.[15]

BetaCrucis–7pointedstar,1/4ofthewayleftand1/16upfromthecentre

fly.[15]

GammaCrucis–7pointedstar,straightabovecentrefly1/6downfromtop

edge.

DeltaCrucis–7pointedstar,2/9ofthewayrightand31/240upfromthe

nCrucis–5pointedstar,1/10ofthewayrightand1/24

downfromthecentrefly.

国徽

tial

coatofarmswasgrantedbyKingEdwardVIIon7May1908,andthecurrentversion

wasgrantedbyKingGeorgeVon19September1912,althoughthe1908version

continuedtobeudinsomecontexts,notablyappearingonthesixpennycoinuntil

1966.

StateBadgeDescription

NewSouthWales

withlion

andstars

VictoriaanImperialCrownandSouthernCross

QueenslandablueMalteCrossandCrown

SouthAustraliatheAustralianpipingshrike

WesternAustraliaablackswan

Tasmaniaaredwalkinglion

Inthetophalf,fromlefttoright,thestatesreprentedare:NewSouth

Wales,ottomhalf,fromlefttoright:South

Australia,WesternAustralia,heshieldisthe

ven-pointedCommonwealthStarorStarofFederationaboveablueandgold

wreath,hepointsonthestarreprenttheoriginalsix

states,whiletheventhpointreprentsthecombinedterritoriesandanyfuture

ntiretytheshieldreprentsthefederationof

Australia.

TheRedKangarooandEmuthatsupporttheshieldaretheunofficial

ethisrecognitiontothefactthattheyare

nativeAustralianfauna(foundonlyonthatcontinent),andlikelychonbecau

theyarethemostwell-knownnativeAustraliananimalslargeenoughtobepositioned

tenclaimedtheanimalswerechon

becauneitheranimalcanmovebackward,ity

bothanimalscanmovebackwards,ackgroundiswreath

ofGoldenWattle,theofficialnationalfloralemblem,thoughthereprentation

ofthespeciesisnotbotanicallyaccurate.[2]Atthebottomofthecoatofarms

rthewreathofwattlenor

thescrollaretechnicallypartoftheofficialdesigndescribedontheRoyalWarrant

thatgrantsthearmorialdesign.

国歌

"AdvanceAustraliaFair"d

bytheScottish-borncomporPeterDoddsMcCormick,thesongwasfirstperformed

in1878,otgainitsstatus

astheofficialanthemuntil1984,followingaplebiscitetochoothenational

ongsandmarcheshavebeeninfluencedby"AdvanceAustralia

Fair",suchastheAustralianvice-regalsalute.

首都

opulationof381,488,itis

Australia'slargestinlandcityandtheeighth-largestcityoverall.

Cuisine

ThefoodofIndigenousAustralianswaslargelyinfluencedbytheareainwhich

ibalgroupssubsistedonasimplehunter-gatherer

diet,

generaltermfornativeAustralianfloraandfaunaudasasourceoffood

isbushtucker.[361][362]ThefirstttlersintroducedBritishfoodtothe

continent,andmuchofthatisnowconsideredtypicalAustralianfood;theSunday

roasthasbecomeanenduringtraditionformanyAustralians.[363][364]Sincethe

beginningofthe20thcentury,foodinAustraliahasincreasinglybeeninfluenced

byimmigrantstothenation,particularlyfromSouthernEuropeanandAsian

cultures.[363][364]Australianwineisproducedin60distinctproductionareas

totallingapproximately160,000hectares,mainlyinthesouthern,coolerpartsof

eregionsineachofthestatesproducedifferentwine

predominantvarietiesareShiraz,Cabernet

Sauvignon,Chardonnay,Merlot,Sémillon,Pinotnoir,Riesling,

andSauvignonblanc.[365][366][367][233][368][369]In1995,anAustralianredwine,Penfolds

Grange,wontheWineSpectatorawardforWineoftheYear,thefirsttimeawine

fromoutsideFranceorCaliforniaachievedthisdistinction.[370]

AlthoughmostofAustraliaismi-aridordert,itincludesadiverrangeof

habitatsfromalpineheathstotropicalrainforests,andisrecognidas

gitypifythatdiversity;thetotalnumberthatoccur

inAustralia,includingthonotyetdiscovered,hasbeenestimatedataround

250,000species,ofwhichroughly5%havebeendescribed.[177]Becauofthe

continent'sgreatage,extremelyvariableweatherpatterns,andlong-term

geographicisolation,muchofAustralia'sbiotaisuniqueanddiver.

Approximately85%offloweringplants,84%ofmammals,morethan45%ofbirds,and

89%ofin-shore,temperate-zonefishareendemic.[178]Australiahasthegreatest

numberofreptilesofanycountry,with755species.

Amongwell-knownAustraliananimalsarethemonotremes;ahostofmarsupials,

includingthekangaroo,koala,andwombat,andbirdssuchastheemuand

thekookaburra.[180]Australiaishometomanydangerousanimalsincludingsome

ofthemostvenomoussnakesintheworld.