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otherwi虚拟语气

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2022年12月4日发(作者:我在春天里等你)

英语中虚拟语气

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虚拟语气

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相

反。条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的

是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。

如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如:Iftime

permits,we'llgofishingtogether.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。

如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:Ifyouhadcome

yesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的

教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授)。

虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

1.含有条件状语从句的复合句

wish(wouldrather)+宾语从句

suggest(…)+宾语从句

2.主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do

表语从句S+isthat+s+(should)+do

同位语从句S+that+s+(should)+do

3.定语从句Itis(high)timethat+S+did

用过去式表现在情况

1.时态后退型用过去完成式表过去

两种形式用过去将来表将来

+动词原形型

3

内容详述

I.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)

时间条件状语从句主句

与现在事实相反的假设If+S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…

与过去事实相反的假设If+S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…

与将来事实相反的假设did…

If+Sshoulddo

weretodo

S+would/should/could/might+do…

注意事项:

1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,

构成倒装句。

2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。

3.Ifthereweren't/hadnotbeen+…=without…

4.Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn'tbeenfor…=butfor…

5.otherwi+虚拟语气的句子

6.虚拟语气的句子,but+陈述事实的句子

II.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中

…(希望现在用过去式)

+e…(希望过去用过去完成式)

/shoulddo(希望将来用过去将来)

ather后的从句要用虚拟语气。

时间从句

虚拟现在were,did(动词一般过去式)

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虚拟过去haddone

虚拟将来did(动词一般过去式)

例:IwouldratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.(虚拟过去)

I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.(虚拟将来)

I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(虚拟现在)

t+(that)S+should+do…

表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用should+动词原形,should

常常省略。

这类词有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propo,suggest,recommend,

requested,require等。

注意:

t当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气

当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。

判断改错:(错)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.

(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.

(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.

(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.

III.虚拟语气用在主语从句中

Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should加动词原

形,should可省略。

Itis可用的词有三类that(should)do

suggested,ordered,required,propod,demanded,requested,insisted等

important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等

5

apity,ashame,nowonder等

IV.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。

某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为

(should)+动词原形。

这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order,demand,desire,request,

requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution(决议),idea等。

llforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff.

V.虚拟语气用在表语从句中。

某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形

式为(should)+动词原形。

这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,

requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。

estionisthatthemayor(should)prenttheprizes.

VI.虚拟语气用在定语从句中

Itis(about/high)time+/shoulddosth..

'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome?

注:在thisisthefirsttime/condtimethat...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成

时态。

thefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?

VII.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中

1.在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟

语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。

如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病,他俩去办公室。

6

2.由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式

(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我,

好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyenit.她谈论那部影片,

就好像她确实看过一样。

3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),forfearthat及inca引导的目的状语从句中。在由

lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由

should+动词原形构成,should也可省略。

unishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.

VIII.虚拟语气用情感语言中

1.虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气。

uldn'thavebeenfollowinghimsocloly;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.

2.Ifonlysb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语

Ihadknowntheresultoftheexamination.

IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法:

1.省掉if的条件从句结构:

Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.

(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,

如:

Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.

(=Ifhewereatruefriend,hewould...)

3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:

Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.

虚拟语气练习题:

ereoldenough,I________youtogothereyesterday.

owed

retarysuggestedthatthey________themeninatonce.

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3.__________Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.

rangethatsuchathing_________inyourclass.

ed

shI________torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitwor.

''ttry

_______totheteacherattentively,he_______

dlistened,ed,wouldknow

ed,tened,wouldknow

syyesterday,otherwiI_______yourbirthdayparty.

aveattended

I_________howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.

strangerstalksasifthey_______friendsforyears.

n

ghtimewe_______upourresults.

um

11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_______nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturns

allthebookshehadborrowed.

theguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_______intheexperiment.

n’othavesucceeded

nothavesucceeded

’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.

ke

ldn'thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworld

history.

’’’’tread

’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?

ngmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand______freeimmediately.

;e;;e;mustbet

vicethat______tillnextweekisreasonable.

ted

sntialthatwe_________lea(条约、合同)beforetheend

ofthemonth.

gning

hatI______withyoulastnight.

avegone

ksChinesofluentlyasifhe______aChine.

n

groundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.

n

8

portantthattheTOEFL___________officeyourregistration.

nfirm

enthemovie,I___________youallaboutitnow.

avetold

pedthatJohn______ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.

end

25.I’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

’’’t

’stimewetheclass.

start

lishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday

encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.

nbroken

ldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe______afewbookson

worldhistory.

’’’’tread

risintheeastandtsinthewest,soitemsasifthesun________roundthee

arth.

ling

31.______thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.

theguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we___intheexperiment.

n’othavesucceed

nothavesucceeded

requiresthateveryone_______hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.

mendedthatthestudent_______hiscompositionassoonaspossible.

edwriting

havecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI_______yourphonenumb

erthen.

’’n’’thave

telectricityhumanlife_________quitedifferenttoday.

e

___________youyesterday.

e

listenedtothedoctor,you_________allrightnow.

avebeen

39._________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

ave

lkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe__________there

sasifit___________.

nbroken

9

tedmeasthough_________hisownson.

I_________acarofmyown.

have

thetroubleI’min!IfonlyI_________youradvice.(2003上海)

follow

he_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed.

lie

ation

1.我不知道他的电话号码,否则我就打电话给他了。

2.他本可以给你更多的帮助,即使他很忙。

3.---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他?

---会的,不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。

4.如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话,你现在就不会这么困了。

5.没有电,今天人类的生活就完全不同了。

Keys

I.1-5CDDCB6-10ADDDB11-15CBBAA16-20BBADA

21-25DBACB26-30BBCAA31-35DBDCB36-40DCCCA41-45CDBCC

II.

1.Ididn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwiIwouldhavetelephonedhim.

2.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

3.----Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?

----Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.

4.Ifyouhadn’tenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.

5.Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.

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