英语中虚拟语气
2
虚拟语气
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相
反。条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的
是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如:Iftime
permits,we'llgofishingtogether.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:Ifyouhadcome
yesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的
教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授)。
虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
1.含有条件状语从句的复合句
wish(wouldrather)+宾语从句
suggest(…)+宾语从句
2.主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do
表语从句S+isthat+s+(should)+do
同位语从句S+that+s+(should)+do
3.定语从句Itis(high)timethat+S+did
用过去式表现在情况
1.时态后退型用过去完成式表过去
两种形式用过去将来表将来
+动词原形型
3
内容详述
I.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
时间条件状语从句主句
与现在事实相反的假设If+S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…
与过去事实相反的假设If+S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…
与将来事实相反的假设did…
If+Sshoulddo
weretodo
S+would/should/could/might+do…
注意事项:
1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,
构成倒装句。
2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
3.Ifthereweren't/hadnotbeen+…=without…
4.Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn'tbeenfor…=butfor…
5.otherwi+虚拟语气的句子
6.虚拟语气的句子,but+陈述事实的句子
II.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
…(希望现在用过去式)
+e…(希望过去用过去完成式)
/shoulddo(希望将来用过去将来)
ather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
时间从句
虚拟现在were,did(动词一般过去式)
4
虚拟过去haddone
虚拟将来did(动词一般过去式)
例:IwouldratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.(虚拟过去)
I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.(虚拟将来)
I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(虚拟现在)
t+(that)S+should+do…
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用should+动词原形,should
常常省略。
这类词有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propo,suggest,recommend,
requested,require等。
注意:
t当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气
当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。
判断改错:(错)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.
(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.
(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
III.虚拟语气用在主语从句中
Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should加动词原
形,should可省略。
Itis可用的词有三类that(should)do
suggested,ordered,required,propod,demanded,requested,insisted等
important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等
5
apity,ashame,nowonder等
IV.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为
(should)+动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order,demand,desire,request,
requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution(决议),idea等。
llforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff.
V.虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形
式为(should)+动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,
requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
estionisthatthemayor(should)prenttheprizes.
VI.虚拟语气用在定语从句中
Itis(about/high)time+/shoulddosth..
'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome?
注:在thisisthefirsttime/condtimethat...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成
时态。
thefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?
VII.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1.在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟
语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。
如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病,他俩去办公室。
6
2.由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式
(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我,
好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyenit.她谈论那部影片,
就好像她确实看过一样。
3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),forfearthat及inca引导的目的状语从句中。在由
lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由
should+动词原形构成,should也可省略。
unishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.
VIII.虚拟语气用情感语言中
1.虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气。
uldn'thavebeenfollowinghimsocloly;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.
2.Ifonlysb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语
Ihadknowntheresultoftheexamination.
IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法:
1.省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.
(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,
如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,hewould...)
3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
虚拟语气练习题:
ereoldenough,I________youtogothereyesterday.
owed
retarysuggestedthatthey________themeninatonce.
7
3.__________Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
rangethatsuchathing_________inyourclass.
ed
shI________torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitwor.
''ttry
_______totheteacherattentively,he_______
dlistened,ed,wouldknow
ed,tened,wouldknow
syyesterday,otherwiI_______yourbirthdayparty.
aveattended
I_________howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
strangerstalksasifthey_______friendsforyears.
n
ghtimewe_______upourresults.
um
11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_______nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturns
allthebookshehadborrowed.
theguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_______intheexperiment.
n’othavesucceeded
nothavesucceeded
’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.
ke
ldn'thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworld
history.
’’’’tread
’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?
ngmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand______freeimmediately.
;e;;e;mustbet
vicethat______tillnextweekisreasonable.
ted
sntialthatwe_________lea(条约、合同)beforetheend
ofthemonth.
gning
hatI______withyoulastnight.
avegone
ksChinesofluentlyasifhe______aChine.
n
groundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.
n
8
portantthattheTOEFL___________officeyourregistration.
nfirm
enthemovie,I___________youallaboutitnow.
avetold
pedthatJohn______ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.
end
25.I’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
’’’t
’stimewetheclass.
start
lishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday
encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.
nbroken
ldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe______afewbookson
worldhistory.
’’’’tread
risintheeastandtsinthewest,soitemsasifthesun________roundthee
arth.
ling
31.______thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.
theguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we___intheexperiment.
n’othavesucceed
nothavesucceeded
requiresthateveryone_______hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.
mendedthatthestudent_______hiscompositionassoonaspossible.
edwriting
havecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI_______yourphonenumb
erthen.
’’n’’thave
telectricityhumanlife_________quitedifferenttoday.
e
___________youyesterday.
e
listenedtothedoctor,you_________allrightnow.
avebeen
39._________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
ave
lkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe__________there
sasifit___________.
nbroken
9
tedmeasthough_________hisownson.
I_________acarofmyown.
have
thetroubleI’min!IfonlyI_________youradvice.(2003上海)
follow
he_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed.
lie
ation
1.我不知道他的电话号码,否则我就打电话给他了。
2.他本可以给你更多的帮助,即使他很忙。
3.---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他?
---会的,不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。
4.如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话,你现在就不会这么困了。
5.没有电,今天人类的生活就完全不同了。
Keys
I.1-5CDDCB6-10ADDDB11-15CBBAA16-20BBADA
21-25DBACB26-30BBCAA31-35DBDCB36-40DCCCA41-45CDBCC
II.
1.Ididn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwiIwouldhavetelephonedhim.
2.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
3.----Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?
----Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.
4.Ifyouhadn’tenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.
5.Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
本文发布于:2022-12-04 00:21:37,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:http://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/88/47640.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论) |