造型英文

(完整版)关于汽车造型设计的英文文献

Developingavehicleisanarduousprocessofdesignandevaluation,trialanderror-constantimprovementand

adaptation。Initialdesignconceptsgothrougharangeofstagestobringthemclortorealisationandmodelling

iskeytoevaluatingadesignateachstage.

ionally,claymodelshavebeenudatvariousscales

tohelpunderstandandresolvetheformandproportionsofavehicle。Tovaryingdegrees，this

hasbeensupplemented，sometimevenreplaced，byCADmodelling。Whilstclayisstillamedium

udtoevaluatepredominantlyvisualcharacteristics,CADsystemscanadditionallyhelpevaluate

otherfactorssuchasaerodynamics,impactscenariosandotherphysicalconsiderations

ClayModelling

Claymodellingisoneofthemostestablished3Dvisualisationtechniquesudintheautomotive

industry。

Claymodellingisoneoftheoldestandmosttraditionalmethodsudincardesign。Studios

aredividedintheirpreferencesrelatingtoCADorclaybutmanybelievethatitremainsoneof

thebestwaystovisualidevelopingdesignsinthree-dimensions

GMmodellersurenderings，sketchesandtapedrawingsasreferencetocreatea1/4scalehalf

ll

proportionedmodels,substantialtimeisspentbalancingonesidewiththeother。

earwheelarchtheba

canbeenalongwiththecoreoflightbluemodellingfoam。

Clayhasbeenudsincetheearlieststagesofcardesignandemphasisthestronglinksbetween

three—gontheformofavehicleinclayis

averytightformofsculpture，reliantuponaexperteyeandanadvancedperceptionofformand

proportion.

acticeisstillcommontoday。

Themodellersshownhereareusing，amongstotherthings,gaugestomeasureheightanddepth（to

balancebothsides）andprofileguidestoensurethemodelcorrespondstothedesign.

ManualMethod

Withtherigconfigured,clayisapplied。Usingasystemof'10-lines’,referencepointsare

builtuptomatchtheprofilefromthedrawings

re,designerscaneitherrigidlyfollow

theirdrawings,creatingguidesandtemplatestohelpdevelopthemodelfromthepackagedrawing，

ortheycanbegintoexperimentanddeveloptheformfreely。Thebeautyofautomotivestyling

eedomofformdevelopmentis

asbeen

appliedtogivetheimpressionofrealglassandupperbodypaintwork。Realwheelsaddtothe

effectwhilstdesignersmakefinaladjustmentstothesurfaces

AutomatedMethod

Insteadofdesignersandmodelerlabouringoveraclayforweeks，manycarfirmsarenowin

hinecanprecily

millouttheformandproportionsofthe3Dcomputerdesigninarelativelyshortperiodoftime,

althoughhumansmaystillbecalledintofinishthesurfacesormakeslightadjustments。Although

mostaspectsofadesigncanberesolvedoncomputer,especiallywiththeaidofvirtualreality

evaluation，almostallcompanieswillstillproduceafullsizeclaytowardstheendoftheprocess。

Thecoldlightofdaycanproducesupriethatmanufacturerswanttobeawareofbeforeavehicle

enterstoolingandproductionphas。

Onceavehicleiscompleted,ehicleistobe

shownasaconcept,itmightbepaintedanddetailedbutwillmorelikelybecomethetemplatefor

'hardmodellers'toutocreateaproductionlook-a-likewithindividualpanels,realglassand

(完整版)关于汽车造型设计的英文文献

detailsaswellasaninterior。

Ifthevehicleisreadyforproduction,itwillusuallybescannedusing3Ddigitalequipment

whichwillinturncreateanewCADwireframemodel。ThiswillbetweakedbyCADspecialiststo

removeimperfectionsbeforebeingpasdontoengineerswhowillbeginthearduousprocessof

creatingpanels，componentry，drivetrainandpropulsionbadonthedesign。

Ofcour，ifavehiclewassimplyanin-hourearchproject，asmanyare,itmaynever

beenbythepublic；oldenmodelsgive

hiclesarefull-sizeclaysthatgive

anaccuratereprentationofthepropodvehicles。Applyinganeutralcolouredpaintandsitting

themodeloutsideinatypicalworkingenvironmentisaboutthemostaccuratewaytoasssa

concept'svisualimpactwithoutactuallybuildingit.

Thssuch

aslightgraphics,shutlinesandDynoctoimitateglassallowdesignerstoquicklyandeffectively

evaluatethemodel。

Sketching

Theearlieststageofthedesignprocessisthecreationofinitialconceptsketches。Thesketches

arearelativelyquickwaytovisualiideas,themesandstyles。Inatypicaldesignstudio,

ateamofdesignersmaybeaskedtosubmitinitialideasforavehiclewhichwillsubquently

benarroweddownandfurtherdeveloped。Often,adozenorsoinitialideaswillbeevaluated,

stage，designers

whoworkisnotchonwillberedeployedtoassistinthedevelopmentofthechonideasor

lly，oneteamisresponsiblefortheinteriorwhilstanother

takeschargeoftheexterior。Asthesketchesdevelop，moretimewillbespentoncreatingresolved

anaccurateviews。Thedrawingswillformthebasisforasimplepackageand,inthelaterstages,

willbedevelopedalongsideascalemodelclayorCADmodel。Theinteriorrenderingaboveisa

hand-drawn,inginitialideas，after

resolvingtheview,awn

lightlyinpencilbeforecolourisaddedusingmarkers。Thisillustrationusmainlylightyellows

andcoolgreys。onal

light，shadeandlinedefinitionisaddedwithcolouredpencil。Lightmappinglines（asvisible

verticallyonthedriver’sdoor)aresometimesudtohelpillustratechangesinforminaddition

ourtesy＆©lustrationofFord’sMustangGTCoupe

concepthasmostlikelybeendevelopedfromasketchandthenreworkedinaprogrammesuchasAdobe

geisparticularlypowerfulbecauofitscrisplinesandblurredmovement

effect。Creatingthiffectisarduouswithtraditionalairbrushtechniquesbutisfarmore

straight—forwardinPhotoshop。Firstofall,animageisscannedinandcleanedup,removing

tetheairbrushedeffects，

apathisdrawnaroundanarea—accuratelydemarcatingthectiontobeairbrushed。then，the

pathismadeintoalectionmarquee，anewlayeriscreatedandthedesiredbrushtoolcanbe

udwithinthespecificarea。Thiscanberepeatedandadjusteduntiltherightresultisachieved。

Eachctioninturnistreatedthisway;thisisnottheonlyprocessinvolved,butitisthe

mostsignificant。

CADModelling

Computersarenowudtoacceleratevirtuallyeveryaspectofvehicledevelopment。Computer

aideddesign(CAD)modellingallowsdesignersandengineerstoresolveincreasinglylargeamounts

ofavehiclebeforeeventhefirstmodelismade.

CAD—ComputerAidedDesign

omotiveindustryhasbeen

(完整版)关于汽车造型设计的英文文献

oneoftheleadingforcesforCADdevelopmentalongsideaerospaceandthemilitary。Infact,some

yearsago,theBritishmilitaryrearchunit—DERA-andFordinitiatedajointdevelopment

programmetoinvestigatenewcomputerdesigntechnologies.

Aswithallthethingsintheworldofcomputers，thingsstartedbigandexpensiveandeventually

ghdesignstudiosmaynowhavelargeCADwallstovisuali

developingvehicles，itisalsopossibletoworkonthedesignofacarfromasinglePC。There

areafew,coresystemsandprogrammesudintheautomotiveindustry。Inthisction，welook

atthekeyfeaturesofeachrangingfromspecificationstousage。

KeyCADProgrammes

1AliasAutoStudio

Aliasbeganintheearly80’sinTorontoas’AliasRearch'。In1995，SiliconGraphics（SGI）

boughtAliasRearchofTorontoandWavefrontTechnologiesofSantaBarbaraforming'Alias

Wavefront’.In2003，twentyyearsafteritsinception，thecompanytookthename’Alias’.

AliasproducestheleadingautomotivedesignsoftwareAutoStudio。AutoStudioisaprogramme

companiedbyarangeofhardware

andsoftwareproductsincludingsketchingtoolsandadvancedrenderingandvisualisationfunctions。

AutoStudiocustomersinclude:BMW，Fiat，Ford，GeneralMotors,HondaandItaldesign.

Whatitdoes

AliasAutoStudioallowsaurtoaccessarangeoffeatureswhichassiststhemineverything

fromconceptsketchestoClass-Asurfacing。

PrincipleFeatures

Sketching

ConceptDesign

CloudDataProcessing

AdvancedModelling

AdvancedSurfaceEvaluation

Visualisation

CADIntegration

InBrief

UrInteraction

Aurinterfacethatenablescreativityandefficiency

Sketching

Acompletetoftoolsfor2Ddesignworktightlyintegratedintoa3Dmodellingenvironment

2D/3DIntegration

Takeadvantageofyoursketchingskillsthroughoutthedesignprocess。Adddetailsandexplore

ideasquicklybysketchingover3Dformsbeforetakingthetimetomodelthem。

Modelling（Modeling)

Industry-leading,NURBS-badsurfacemodeller.

AdvancedAutomotiveSurfacingTools

Surfacecreationtoolsthatmaintainpositional，tangentorcurvaturecontinuitybetween

surfaces-forhighquality,manufacturableresults.

ReverEngineering

Toolsforimportingandconfiguringclouddatatsfromscannersforvisualising,aswellas

extractingfeaturelinesandbuildingsurfacesbadonclouddata.

EvaluationTools

Toolstoanalyandevaluatethestylingandphysicalpropertiesofcurvesandsurfaces

interactively，whilecreatingandeditinggeometry.

(完整版)关于汽车造型设计的英文文献

Rendering

Createphotorealisticimagesusingtextures，colours，highlights，shadows，reflectionsand

backgrounds.

Animation

Animationscanbeudforhighqualitydesignprentations，designanalysisofmechanisms,

motionandergonomicstudies，manufacturingorasmblysimulation.

DataIntegration

Supportforindustry—standarddataformatsandawiderangeofperipheraldevices.

2AliasSurfaceStudio

AliasSurfaceStudio™isatechnicalsurfacingproductdesignedforthedevelopmentofClass-A

surfaces。Itoffersadvancedmodelingandreverengineeringtools,real-timediagnosticsand

scandataprocessingtechnology。SurfaceStudioiscompridofacompletesuiteoftoolsfor

creatingsurfacemodelstomeetthehighlevelsofquality,accuracyandprecisionrequiredin

automotivestyling.

KeyFeatures

Clouddataprocessing

Direct,Patch—badmodelling

Procedural，curvebadmodelling

Real—timediagnosticfeedback

Dynamicsurfaceevaluation

CADintegration

InBrief

UrInteraction

Aurinterfacethatenablescreativityandefficiency

Sketching

Acompletetoftoolsfor2Ddesignworktightlyintegratedintoa3Dmodellingenvironment

Modelling（Modeling)

Industry—leading，NURBS—badsurfacemodeller.

AdvancedAutomotiveSurfacingTools

Surfacecreationtoolsthatmaintainpositional，tangentorcurvaturecontinuitybetween

surfaces—forhighquality,manufacturableresults.

ReverEngineering

Toolsforimportingandconfiguringclouddatatsfromscannersforvisualising,aswellas

extractingfeaturelinesandbuildingsurfacesbadonclouddata。

EvaluationTools

Toolstoanalyandevaluatethestylingandphysicalpropertiesofcurvesandsurfaces

interactively,whilecreatingandeditinggeometry.

DataIntegration

Supportforindustry—standarddataformatsandawiderangeofperipheraldevices.

3ICEMSurf

ICEMSurfisanindustrystandardinautomotiveA—Classsurfacing。Inthefinalstagesofa

vehicledesign，ICEMSurfisudtoclarifyandfullyresolvevehiclesurfacesbeforebeginning

erscanuICEMSurftocreateextremelyaccuratecomputer

visualisations，throughstaticanddynamicrenderingsaswellas3Dvirtualrealityviewsusing

stereomode。

Inordertofacilitateend—stagedesignevaluationanddevelopment,ICEMSurfcanprocessdata

(完整版)关于汽车造型设计的英文文献

fromdigitidphysicalmodelswhichcaninturnbemodified,corrected，balancedandotherwi

resolvedasrequired.

KeyFeatures

Itispossibletocreateandmodifyaestheticfree-formsurfacesdirectlyandinreal—time

'Virtualclaymodelling’canbeperformedbydirectmodellinganddiagnosisofpointclouds

orfacetdatawithoutpriorsurfacegeneration

Directsurfacemodellingispossiblethroughstereo，shadeddisplayandreal—timerenderer

modes

Safetyanalys(HeadImpactDiagnos）allowforearlydetectionandresolutionofpossible

safetyissues

ICEMSurfisudforClassAsurfacesforautomotiveexteriorandinteriordesignaswellas

consumergoods,structuralsurfaces(Body-in—White）andfreeformsurfacesintoolanddiedesign。

DigitidphysicalmodelorCADdatacanbeudtocreatefree—formsurfaceswithautomated

smoothingandapproximation

Surfacemodelscanbequicklydevelopedfromorderedorunordered(pointclouds）digitiddata

Fullyfeasible，high—qualityaestheticdesignscanbedevelopedquickl

Withthe'GlobalModelling’feature，wholedetailedmodelscanbemodifiedintotal,

interactivelyanddynamically

Therenderingprocessisindependent；renderingcanbecomputedinthebackgroundorremotely

whilstworkcontinues

4ICEMStyle

StyleisICEM’uildsonICEM'xisting

expertiinthefieldofadvancedCADsurfacingandprovidestheurwithamoredirecttransition

fromthedesignstagesthroughtoadvancedsurfacepreparationandultimatelytooling。

KeytotheappealofICEMStyleistheprogramme'sabilitiesforreal—timevisualisation."No

longerarethird—party,stand-alonevisualisationproductsrequiredtovisualithecomplete

design，noratime-consumingwaitforastaticrenderingtobegenerated”。

ThenatureofICEMStyle’sinteroperabilitywiththedown—streamICEMSurfmeansthatinput

fromdesignerscanbetakenfromtabletsketches，throughpreparatorystagesandfullscalemodels

readyinanticipationoffinalA—mplifiestheflowofwork,eliminating

certaintransitionstageswhichinturnsavestimeandtranslationdiscrepencies。ICEMSurfcan

thenbeudearliertoresolveadesignandfinaliproductionqualitysurfaces

5CATIA

CATIAisanintegratedsuiteofComputerAidedDesign（CAD）,ComputerAidedEngineering（CAE）,

andComputerAidedManufacturing(CAM）applicationsfordigitalproductdefinitionandsimulation。

Itisidealfortrueintegrationofpeople,tools,methodologiesandresourceswithinanenterpri。

CATIAprovidesadvanced3DProductLifecycleManagement（PLM)solutionsforcollaborativeproduct

development.

Madeupfrommanydifferentelements,or'products’,CATIAcanperformarangeoftasksdepending

theautomotiveindustrythetasksincludeClassAsurfacing，

body—in-whitetemplatedesign，body-in—whitefasteningdesignandmanymore。Someofthemain

applicationsarelistedbelow。Shapedesigntalksdirectlytopeople’sheart。Successfulproducts

inthemarketareusuallythowithdesignsthatelicitpositiveemotionalresponfromtheir

vedesignersmustbeequippedwithsoftwaretoolsthatenablethemtoeasilycraft

andadjusttheproduct'motionalcontentthroughtheirdesigns,allwhilecollaboratingwith

theengineeringdepartmenttoensurepropercoverageofproductfunctionalscope。

(完整版)关于汽车造型设计的英文文献

VehicleSynthesis

Analysisanddecisionsupportthroughoutthevehicledevelopmentprocess

Body

ThefullBODYinWHITEProcessfromthefirststylistideatotoolgeneration

Chassis

Suspensionsandsteeringwheels,integrationofthechassisinthevehicle。

Powertrain

CATIAisudtodesignandevaluatethefullspectrumofpowertraincomponentsandisudto

designtheprocessandtoolingrequiredformanufacture。

ElectricalandElectronics

Softwaretomanagetheelectricalbehaviorofcomponentsandtheirintegrationintothe3Ddigital

mock—up。

InteriorandExteriorTrim

AutomotiveInteriorprocessishandledbythewholeDassaultSystemesV5lineofproduct,covering

allaspectsofautomobileplasticpartsconceptionfromdesigntomanufacturing。

SomeoftheAvailableCATIAAutomotiveProducts

AutomotiveBody—In—WhiteFastening3(ABF)isdedicatedtothedesignofAutomotive

BodyInWhiteFasteners。ItsupportsWeldingtechnologiesandmechanicalclinching,

alongwithAdhesives，Sealers，etronicstoautomotiveandconsumer

packagedgoods,designplaysanimportantpartindeterminingproductsuccessinthe

market。Howdoyoudeliveraestheticallypleasingandfunctionallysuperiorproducts?

CATIAcoversallproductshapedesignneedsfromindustrialdesigntoClassA,enhancing

designerabilitiestoproduceanykindofcomplexshapes

AutomotiveBodyinWhiteTemplatesisanadvancedproductthatusuniqueskilled

featurestoboostbodyinwhitedesignphaproductivity。Thepowerfulfeatures

allowbodyinwhitedesignteamstoquicklycreateormodifyacarbodyinanassociative

tance，aurcancreateanassociativeshape,

placeweldingpointsonit,tive

ClassAOptimizer3（ACO）offerxtendedtoolstocreateandmodelaestheticandergonomicshapes

ultoolslikeusingglobalsurfacemodelingtechniques,Shape

Modeling，andglobalfeaturecreationmethods,GlobalFlange,ontopoftheACAproductspeed

upthetotaldevelopmentstylingprocess。