derives

名词解释

1、Alliteration(头韵)Itreferstoarepeatedinitialconsonanttosuccessivewordsanditisthe

terativever,certainaccentedwordsinalinebegin

llyhaveacaesurainthemiddleandtwostress(or

accents),the

sameconsonantisrepeatedatthebeginningoftheaccentedsyllables,eithertwiceinthefirst

halfoftheverlineandonceinthecondhalf,nsaytherearegenerally

4accentsinaline,threeofwhichshowalliteration,anditistheinitialsoundofthethird

rationmakesAnglo-Saxon

poetryverymusicalinsoundandactsalmostthesamepartthatrhymeplaysinlaterpoetry.

Englishpoetstilltodaystilllovetoualliteration

e.g.“Trueisthetale(caesura)Itellofmytravels,/Singofmyafaring(caesura)sorrowsand

woes.

2、Blankver无韵诗，素体诗（不押韵的五音步诗行）:alsocalledunrhymedpoetry,hasbeen

thedominantverformofEnglishdramaandnarrativepoetrysincethemid-sixteenthcentury.

In1540,fromItaly,thisverformwasbroughtintoEnglishliteraturebythepoetHenryHoward

(EarlofSurrey),whofirstuditinhistranslationofTheAeneid.

eryflexibleEnglishverformwhichcanattain

rhetoricalgrandeur雄伟壮观irstud

byHenryHoward,EarlofSurrey,andsoonbecameapopularformfornarrativeanddramatic

poetry.

LostbyMilton

3、Comedyofhumours:Thecomedyofhumoursisagenreofdramaticcomedythatfocusona

characterorrangeofcharacters,eachofwhomexhibitstwoormoreoverridingtraitsor

'humours'thatdominatestheirpersonality,lishplaywrightsBen

JonsonandGeorgeChapmanpopularizedthegenreintheclosingyearsofthesixteenthcentury.

Inthelaterhalfoftheventeenthcentury,itwascombinedwiththecomedyofmannersin

htheprevailingeccentricitiesandrulingpassionsofcharacterare

expodtoridiculeandsatire

aninHisHumour

EveryManoutofHisHumour

4、Dramaticmonologue：akindofpoeminwhichasinglefictionalorhistoricalcharacterother

thanthepoetspeakstoasilent‘audience’emsrevealnotthe

poet‘sownthoughts;thisdistinguishesadramaticmonologuefromalyric，whiletheimplied

prenceofanauditordistinguishesitfromasoliloquy.

DuchessbyBrowning

5、Epic(史诗)appearedinthetheAnglo-SaxonPeriodItisanarrativeofheroicaction,often

withaprincipalhero,usuallymythicalinitscontent,grandinitsstyle,offeringinspirationand

arrativepoemtellingabout

thedeedsofg

anextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage,likeHomer’sIliad&

uionissimple,

,somelongnarrativeworks,likenovelsthatrevealanage&its

people,arealsocalledepic.

f(thepagan异教徒cular(非宗教的)poetry)

Iliad《伊利亚特》Odysy《奥德赛》ParadiLost《失乐园》TheDivineComedy《神曲》

6、GothicNovelstalesofmacabre,fantasticandsupernaturalhappenings,tinhauntedcastles,

graveyards,ruinsandwildlandscapesandoftenwithaweakorinnocentheroinegoingthrough

sitsnamefromsimilaritiestoMedieval(中古的,中世纪)

lerdesignednotonlytoterrifyorfrightentheaudience,buttoconveya

hicinEnglandbeginswithTheCastleof

Otrantoin1760,byHoraceWalpole,whichemphasizedthesupernaturalmixedwiththe

grotesqueinamedievaltting.

dcliffeinMysteriesofUdolpho

Frankenstein(1817)byMaryShelley

7、HeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)Heroiccoupletreferstotherhymedcoupletiniambic

pentameterHeroiccoupletsarelinesofiambicpentameterthatrhymeinpairs(aa,bb,cc).

TheHeroicCouplet:1)ItmeansapairoflinesofatypeoncecommoninEnglishpoetry,inother

words,itmeansiambicpentameterrhymedintwolines.2)Therhyme

ismasculine.3)UoftheheroiccoupletwasfirstpioneeredbyGeoffreyChaucer.

'sHillbybyJohnDenham(德纳姆)

8、Iambicpentameter:averlinesoffeetoftheiambicrhythm

Iambic(adjectiveofiambus):ametricalfootconsistingofoneunstresdsyllablefollowedbya

stresdone.(ic/trochee:ametricalfootconsistingofonestresdsyllablefollowedby

anunstresdone)

Pentameter:averlineof5feet.

18byShakespeare

9、Ode：apoemintendedoradaptedtobesungintheancienttime,butarhymedlyricpoem

oftenofanaddressinthemoderntimes,withdignifiedandexaltedorsimpleandfamiliar

yricpoem,riousanddignifiedinsubject,toneandstyle,sometimeswithan

elaboratestanzaicstructure,oftenwrittentocommemorateorcelebrateaneventorindividual.

Reprentativepoets:PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats

Reprentative：OdetoPsyche,OdetoaNightingale

10、Romance:amedievaltalebadonlegend,chivalricloveandadventures,orapro

narrativetreatingimaginarycharactersinvolvedheroic,adventurous,ormysteriouvents

tsofromancetendtobe

complex,withuprisingandevenmagicalactionscommon.

pestbyShakespeare

11、Sonnet：apoemconsistingof14linesof10syllableachinEnglish(11syllablesinItalianand

12syllablesinFrench)

TheEnglishsonnet:asonnetof14iambicpentameterlinesdividedintoanoctaveandstet

rhymingabbaabbacdecde(orotherrhymesinthestet)

TheShakespeariansonnet:asonnetof14iambicpentameterlinesdividedintoa12-lineunit

followedbya2-lineconclusionrhymingababcdcdefefgg

18byShakespeare

12、Threeunities（三一律）:referringtotherulestbyAristotlefortragedywhichareobrved

inGreektragediesandNeoclassicdrama,thatisatragedymusthaveonesingleactionwhich

iredthattheeventsofaplaynotexceed

asingleday(time),beconfinedtoasinglelocationortoverallocationswithinasmallarea(pla

ce),andnothavesubplots(action).ItistermgivenbyAristotleandstrictlyadheredin17thFranc

eandthenoverEurope.

ierreCorneille

13、Topographicalpoetry:alocalpoetryfocusingontheprentationoflandscapesandpraising

particularparks,rgenceofthiskindofpoetryofwhichcanbe

tracedtothe1730sandwasdefinedbyDrJohnsonas“localpoetry,ofwhichthefundamental

objectissomeparticularlandscape.

sonsbyJamesThomson

14、GraveyardPoets:ThisgroupofpoetsmainlycomprisThomasParnell,EdwardYoung,

otemelancholypoems,oftenwiththepoetmeditatingon

themostreprentativeand

successfulamongthemandhispoemElegywritteninaCountryChurch-yardispartlyresponsible

forthisgrouptobenamedgraveyardpoets.

15、MetaphysicalPoetry:Metaphysicalpoetryisdefinedaspoetrydatingfromthe17thcentury

etryudavarietyofformand

structures,mwasfirstcoinedbyJohnDrydenin1693when

hedescribedapoembyJohnDonneasaffecting“themetaphysical.”Itwaslaterpopularizedby

SamuelJohnsonin1781.

abyJohnDonne

16、AllegoryAtaleinverorproinwhichcharacters,actions,or

goryisa

storywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.

Allegoryisgenerallytreatedasafigureofrhetoric,butanallegorydoesnorhavetobe

expresdinlanguage:itmaybeaddresdtoteheye,andisoftenfoundinrealisticpainting,

sculptureorsomeotherformofmimetic,orreprentare.

Theitis

goryissustainedlngerandmorefullyinitsdetails

thanametaphor,andappealstoimagination,

fableorparableisashortallegorywithonedefinitemoral.

grim'sProgressbyJohnBunyan