外研版英语八年级上册
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被动语态复习
A.熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,
其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:
一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时:was/were+p.p.
一般将来时:shall/willbe+p.p.
现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时:should/wouldbe+p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:
①Chine______bythelargestnumberofpeople.
A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken
②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.
A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells
③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.
A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have
B.明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
外研版英语八年级上册
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1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。例如:
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
Thetree____________bythatboy.
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:
疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:
①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.
Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)
②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where______vegetables______?
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:
外研版英语八年级上册
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①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)
→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.
②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)
Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.
2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:
①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary.
A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway
②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)
Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:
省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:
SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动)
He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.
4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如:
Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.
A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句
子开头。例如:
Whohasbrokenthecup?(改为被动语态)→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?
E.注意区别
外研版英语八年级上册
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被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人
或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:
Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表结构)
Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需
用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。试比较:
Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
IwassomuchsurpridatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:
1.becoveredwith被……覆盖
2.bemadeof由……制作(发生物理变化)bemadefrom由……制作(发生化学变化)
bemadein由(某地)制造bemadeby被(某人)制造
3.beudfor被用来……beudas被当作(作为)……来使用beudtodosth.被用来做某事
4.Itissaidthat...据说……Itishopedthat...希望……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……例如:
①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?—Yes.It's_________Shanghai.
A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madeinC.madefor;madebyD.madefor;madein
②Thismachineisud______theroomwet.
A.forkeepingB.askeepingC.keepD.tokeeping
外研版英语八年级上册
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③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.
几种特殊的被动语态
1.带不定式的被动语态。Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。
2.带介词的动词短语的被动语态。Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.这件事前所未闻。
3.带副词的动词短语的被动语态。Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音机刚刚被关上。
4.当ll,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时,用主动形式表达被动意义。
Thepenwriteswell.这枝钢笔写字流畅。Thebookllswell.这本书很畅销。
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题
()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
;;;;build
()dent____onthisroadlastweek.
ed
()(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.
(),themoon____bymanalready.
ited
()nChinehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
外研版英语八年级上册
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()ytrees____thisyear?
d
()things____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
done
()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.
;;;;ud
()atWall____allovertheworld.
wn
()_____thisbook_____?
;;;;written
()_____byGrannyyesterday.
()keywasen_____offthetree.
()oolbag___behindthechair.
()eople____well.
after
()cher______carefully.
ened
外研版英语八年级上册
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二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.
ohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.
anguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?
tboy_____________(notfind)sofar.
aralargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.
dents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
______(mustnd)tothehospital.
bles,eggsandfruits_________(ll)inthisshop.
_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.
magazine________(take)outofthelibrary?
m_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
rscan’t_____________(e)inthedaytime.
owers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.
ndofshoes__________(ll)well.
三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。
rowninSouthChina?(改为主动语态)
_______people_________teainSouthChina?
enabirthdayprentbymyparentveryyear.(同义句转换)
Abirthdayprent____________________________bymyparentveryyear.
外研版英语八年级上册
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kisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)
How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?
ldrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.
dn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It______________________byyounow.
umetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________________________makingmachines.
medothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I____________________________thatforhim.
ewatchingthefootballmatch.
Thefootballmatch_____________________bythem.
ybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)
__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?
vesoldoutthelightgreendress.(改为被动语态)
Thelightgreendress____________________________out.
thegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)
Thegame_______________“Lianliankan”byus.
四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。(1×10=10分)
①Thenewbike________________________(买给我)bymyparentsasaprentlastweek.
外研版英语八年级上册
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②_______yourmobilephone______________________(是国产的吗)?
③Thewholemountainis__________________(覆盖)thesnow.
强化训练
nois____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.
kept;kept;eep;eep;haveto
thgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.
vebeendeveloped
3.-____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.–Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'
nemorestampbeforemycollection_____.
leted
rests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
ncut
suspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.
edesigned
encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.
nbroken
hanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.
entakenplace;kenplace;havebeentup
kenplace;kenplace;weretup
it_______over60dollars.
10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-What’stheprettysmallhouthat__for?
ding
11.-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,it___verysoft.
fficultforaforeigner_______Chine.
n
omoreletters_______,thankyou.
re!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_______easily.
’’’’twashingout
noticedthethiefslipintothehoubecauthelightshappenedto________.
putersonthetable_______ProfessorSmith.
to
17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,’sworth________acondtime.
外研版英语八年级上册
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ead
irrelwasluckythatitjustmisd________.
h
geneeded________again.
ecked
20._______manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercis
ng
idthatanewrobot________byhiminafewdays.
vebeendesigned
tthefilm_______bythetimewegettothecinema.
lreadyhavestarted
eadybeenstarted
lstopshowingoffifnonotice_______ofher.
en
d____inBrazilin1971.
nfound
25.-“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”-“m_______.”
gpainted
ures______untilnextFriday.
''''tbedeveloped
_______sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.
mployed
numberofcollegesanduniversities_______since1949.
nestablished
29.I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecauwe_______ifweleaveithere.
vebeenfined
30.“______egoandeittogether?”
vegiventome
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